The Present Simple Tense (Простое настоящее время)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

ТОРГОВО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра английского языка

 

 

Авторы составители:

Закарян А.А.

Лопатинская В.В.

Сентюрина Л.В.

Фролова О.А.

 

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

для студентов заочной формы обучения

 

Москва 2010

 

 

Пояснительная записка.

 

 

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов заочной формы обучения. Дисциплина «Английский язык» входит в учебный план заочного обучения на 1 и 2 курсе. Владение иностранным языком является обязательным компонентом профессиональной подготовки современного специалиста любого профиля. За два года обучения студенты должны овладеть лексико-грамматическим минимумом по профессионально-ориентированному английскому языку в соответствии с Государственным нормативом. По завершении срока обучения студент должен понимать английскую речь при чтении, аудировании, а также высказываться устно и письменно с соблюдением языковой нормы в пределах тематики программы, изложенной в учебно-тематических планах кафедры.

Пособие включает материал, подлежащий усвоению в течение 3-х семестров (40 аудиторных часов и 300 часов самостоятельной работы). Учебное пособие состоит из 14 лексико-грамматических разделов (Unit). Все разделы структурированы по единой схеме и состоят из краткого грамматического справочника на русском языке по определенной грамматической теме; ряда упражнений для закрепления данной грамматической темы; аутентичных текстов по общеэкономической специальности для ознакомительного и/или изучающего чтения, сопровождаемые англо-русским словарем специальных и общих терминов, а также послетекстовых лексических упражнений, которые направлены на контроль понимания содержания текстов, активизации и формирование иноязычной коммуникативной компетентности студентов. Кроме того, в пособии представлен блок упражнений по грамматике для самостоятельной работы студентов. Для промежуточного контроля усвоения курса в настоящем пособии даны три контрольные работы (по одной в каждом семестре).

Поскольку для студентов заочной формы обучения рабочим планом по дисциплине «Английский язык» предусмотрено лишь 40 час. аудиторных занятий за первые три семестра обучения, то большую роль в получении программных навыков владения иностранным языком играет самодисциплина и упорный, систематический труд.

 

 

СЕМЕСТР 1

 

Unit 1

SECTION A GRAMMAR REFERENCE

The Present Simple Tense (Простое настоящее время)

В английском языке глагол имеет четыре основные формы:

· инфинитив - The Infinitive является основной формой глагола. Отличительной чертой инфинитив является употребление глагола с частицей to, например: to study, to read;

· форма простого прошедшего времени - The Simple Past Tense;

· причастие прошедшего времени (причастие II) - Past Participle или Participle II;

· причастие настоящего времени (причастие I) - Present Participle или Participle I.

 

Утвердительная форма глагола в Present Simple для всех лиц, кроме 3-го лица единственного числа, совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы to.

I, WE, YOU, THEY	work.
HE, SHE, IT	work s.

В 3-ем лице единственного числа глагол принимает окончание - s (- es), которое читается:

[ z ] – после звонких согласных и гласных: read – read s, stay – stay s;

[ s ] – после глухих согласных: meet – meet s;

[ iz ] – после шипящих и свистящих согласных: dress – dress es.

 

Особенности правописания окончания - s

1. Если глагол оканчивается на – o, то в 3-ем лице единственного числа к нему прибавляется окончание – es, которое читается как [ z ]: to go – he go es, to do – he do es.

2. Если глагол оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, то в 3-ем лице единственного числа к нему прибавляется окончание – es, которое читается как [iz]: to finish – he finish es, to catch – he catch es, to relax – he relax es.

3. Если глагол оканчивается на – y с предшествующей согласной, в 3-ем лице единственного числа –y меняется на -i и прибавляется окончание – es,: to study – he stud ies.

Если же букве – y предшествует гласная, то буква y – не меняется: to play – he pla ys.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в соответствующей форме (do, does) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to. Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В разговорной речи обычно употребляются сокращенные формы.

 

Вопросительная формаКраткие ответы

Do	I WE YOU THEY	work?	- Yes, they do. - No, they don’t.
Does	HE SHE IT	work?	- Yes, he does. - No, he doesn’t.

 

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY	do not (don’t)	work.
HE, SHE, IT	does not (doesn’t)	work.

 

Present Simple употребляется для выражения обычного или регулярно совершаемого действия в настоящем времени, констатации факта, универсальных истин.

My friends live in Briton. Мои друзья живут в Брайтоне.

It often rains in autumn. Осенью часто идут дожди.

He plays golf every Sunday. Каждое воскресенье он играет в гольф.

Magnet attracts iron. Магнит притягивает железо.

The planets go round the sun. Планеты вращаются вокруг солнца.

 

Present Simple употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: often (часто), usually (обычно), seldom (редко), sometimes (иногда), always (всегда), never (никогда), которые стоят перед смысловым глаголом, но после глагола to be, например:

They usually get up at 8 o’clock.

He is never late for his classes.

Также возможно употребление словосочетаний every day (week, year,…), in the morning (evening,…), on Sundays (Mondays,…), которые могут стоять в начале или в конце предложения, например:

He reads newspapers every day.

Every Sunday Kate visits her parents.

 

Спряжение глагола to have.

Утвердительная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY	havea car.
HE, SHE, IT	has a car.

 

Вопросительная форма Краткие ответы

Do	I, WE, YOU, THEY	havea car?	- Yes, I do / - No, I don’t
Does	HE, SHE, IT	havea car?	- Yes, he does / - No, he doesn’t

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY	do not (don’t)	have	a car?
HE, SHE, IT	does not (doesn’t)	have	a car?

 

Обратите внимание на употребление устойчивых сочетаний с глаголом have:

have breakfast (lunch, dinner, a cup of tea, …)

have a bath (a shower, a swim, a break, a rest, a party, a holiday, …)

have a conversation (a discussion with somebody, …)

have difficulty (fun, a good time, …), etc.

При употреблении данных устойчивых сочетаний в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях употребляется вспомогательный глагол do.

Do you have a shower in the morning?

He doesn’t usually have a big breakfast.

В отличие от глагола have, оборот have got образует вопросительные и отрицательные предложения без вспомогательного глагола do.

 

Спряжение глагола to be в Present Simple.

Утвердительная форма

I am a manager. We are managers.

You are a manager. You are managers.

He (she) is a manager. They are managers.

It is a tiger. They are tigers.

Вопросительная форма

Am I a manager? Are we managers?

Are you a manager? Are you managers?

Is he (she) a manager? Are they managers?

Is it a tiger? Are they tigers?

Отрицательная форма

I am not (I’m not) a manager. We are not (aren’t) managers.

You are not (aren’t) a manager. You are not (aren’t) managers.

He/she is not (isn’t) a manager. They are not (aren’t) managers.

It is not (isn’t) a tiger. They are not (aren’t) tigers.

Спряжение оборота have got

Утвердительная форма

I have (I’ve) got a big family.

You have (you’ve) got a big family.

He/she has (he’s) got a big family.

We have (we’ve) got a big family.

They have (they’ve) got a big family.

Вопросительная форма Краткие ответы

Have	I, WE, YOU, THEY	got a big family?	- Yes, I have / - No I haven’t
Has	HE, SHE	got a big family?	- Yes, he has / - No he hasn’t -

Отрицательная форма

I, WE, YOU, THEY	haven’t gota big family.
HE, SHE	hasn’t gota big family.

СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ.

Специальные вопросы – это вопросы к отдельным членам предложения. Специальные вопросы начинаются с вопросительных слов who? (кто?) what? (что? какой?), which? ( который?), whose? (чей?), when? (когда?), where? (где?, куда?), why? (почему?), how? (как?), how many? how much? (сколько?), how long? (как долго?, сколько времени?) и др.

Порядок слов в повествовательном предложении:

Подлежащее – сказуемое – дополнение – обстоятельство

Порядок слов в специальных вопросах, относящихся к второстепенным членам предложения:

Exercises

I.Поставьте нужную форму глагола to be (Present Simple) .

1. I … a company manager.

2. It … a new model.

3. You … a good economist.

4. He… on business in London.

5. These … our computers.

6. We … business partners.

7. This … our office.

8. Jane.. a secretary.

9. They … new clients.

10. You.. always on time.

 

 

II. Вставьте am/am not, is/isn’t, are/aren't .

1. … he a business partner? No, he …. He … a client.

2. It … 10 o’clock. You.. late again.

3. …. you busy now? No, I ….

4. … I right? Yes, you ….

5. It … public holiday. The shops … open today.

6. Our clients … from Italy. They … from France.

7. Rome … in Spain. It … in Italy.

8. … the manager in? No, he … out.

9. We … interested in your products. Your price … too high.

10. It … a good offer but I… ready to discuss it now.

 

III. Выберите правильную форму глагола

1. I usually come/comes to the office at 9.00.

2. They often go/goes out for lunch.

3. John start/starts work at 10 and finish/finishes at 6.

4. I work/works for a trade company.

5. You go/goes on business to different countries.

6. Our managers often meet/meets customers.

7. Mr. Brown phone/phones our business partners.

8. She get/gets letters every day.

9. We visit/visits the factory every week.

10. You often send/sends faxes.

IV. Задайте общий вопрос, вставив нужную форму глагола: do/does, is/are .

1. … they sell products to different countries?

2. … you always busy at work?

3. … Mr.White always stay in the office till 7?

4. … your company interested in a new model?

5. … they have talks every month?

6. … Jack often late for the meeting?

7. … Charlie work for this company?

8. … you have lunch in the office?

9. … the manager write letters?

10. … you interested in our products?

V. Задайте специальные вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. She is always very busy.

2. The secretary is in the office.

3. We discuss business matters at the talks.

4. He is a manager.

5. They are from Great Britain.

6. I work for this company.

7. Fiona likes her work.

8. We come to the office at 10 o’ clock.

9. I receive mail every day.

10. We have partners in Poland.

 

Section B

Text A

SMIRNOV’S DAY

Smirnov is the President of a foreign trade firm.

In the morning he gets up at about 6.30. He leaves for work at eight o’clock. His office hours begin at 9 o’clock but he usually comes earlier to get ready for work.

In the morning the secretary brings him letters and cables. He reads the mail and sends answers to foreign firms. He often receives foreign businessmen at his office. They usually come to discuss prices, terms of payment, shipment and delivery and other business matters. Sometimes he goes abroad on business to have talks with foreign customers. Smirnov speaks two foreign languages.

At 12.00 Smirnov has lunch. He finishes work at 6 o’clock in the evening, but if there is some urgent business he stays at the office later.

Smirnov usually has dinner at home.

After dinner he reads newspapers and magazines, listens to the radio or watches television and helps his wife about the house. He goes to bed at 11.00.

 

abroad adv – за границей, за границу

cable n – телеграмма

customer n – заказчик, клиент

delivery n – поставка

discuss v – обсуждать

foreign a – иностранный

a foreign trade firm – внешнеторговая компания

language n – язык

leave v – уходить, уезжать

mail n – почта

matter n – вопрос

business matter

office hours – рабочий день

payment n – платеж, оплата

price n – цена

ready a – готовый

get ready – подготовиться

receive v – получать

send v – отправлять, посылать

shipment n - отгрузка

stay v – оставаться

talks n – переговоры

have talks – вести переговоры

terms n – условия

trade n – торговля

urgent a – срочный

 

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What does Mr. Smirnov do?

2. What time does he go to work?

3. When does his working day begin?

4. Why does he come to work earlier?

5. Who brings him mail?

6. Whom does he send the answers to?

7. Whom does he receive at the office?

8. What do they discuss?

9. Does he often go abroad? What for?

10. How many foreign languages does he speak?

11. Does he always leave the office at 6 p.m.? Why or why not?

12. What does he do in the evening?

 

Text B

ISABELLE SEGURA

Isabelle Segura comes from France. She is a lawyer.

“In my job I get emails, documents and company information in English so I read a lot in English. I sometimes use English on the phone – for example, when I speak to clients in the US and in other countries – but it’s difficult for me. Fortunately I don’t make phone calls in English very often. I prefer to write emails, but I always ask a colleague to check my English before I send them!”

 

 

I=Interviewer, IS= Isabelle Segura, C= Corrado de Iudicibus

INTERVIEWER	Isabelle, can you describe some of the things you do every day at work?
ISABELLE	Well, first, I read my emails, then write replies. I read a lot of other things, too, documents, for example, and information – that’s the work of the lawyer! I make phone calls, I have meetings with clients and give them advice.
INTERVIEWER	Do you have meetings with colleagues too?
ISABELLE	Yes, we have meetings to discuss clients’ problems.
INTERVIEWER	Where do you meet clients – at your office or at their office?
ISABELLE	Foreign clients come to our office but I visit clients who have an office in Paris.
INTERVIEWER	Do you have business lunches with clients as well?
ISABELLE	Yes, sometimes.
INTERVIEWER	And do you travel to other cities or countries?
ISABELLE	No, I don’t. My work is all in Paris.
INTERVIEWER	Thank you, Isabelle.

 

advice n – совет

check v – проверять

client n – клиент

colleague n – коллега

come from v – быть родом из…

describe v – описывать

difficult a – сложный, трудный

lawyer n – юрист

make v phone calls – звонить по телефону

meet v – встречать, встречаться

meet clients – встречаться с клиентами

meeting n – встреча

have a meeting – проводить встречу

phone n – телефон

on the phone – по телефону

prefer v – предпочитать

reply n – ответ

travel v – путешествовать, ездить

use v – пользоваться, использовать

visit v – посещать

visit clients – ездить к клиентам

 

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Where is Isabelle from?

2. What is her job?

3. How often does she use English on the phone?

4. Who does she speak English to?

5. Why doesn’t she make phone calls in English very often?

6. Who checks her e-mails?

7. What does she usually read at work?

8. What does she discuss at the meetings with her colleagues?

9. Where does she meet her clients?

10. Does Isabelle travel much?

 

UNIT 2

Section A Grammar reference

 

CONSTRUCTION THERE IS / ARE (Конструкция there is / are).

Конструкция there is (для единственного числа) и there are (для множественного числа) переводится на русский язык как «имеется, находится, существует или есть), а чаще всего совсем не переводится.

There is a telephone on the desk. На столе есть телефон.

Is there a telephone on the desk? - Yes, there is. / No there isn’t.

There isn’t a telephone on the desk.

There is no telephone on the desk.

There are a lot of flowers in the room. В комнате (есть, имеется) много цветов.

Are there many flowers in the room? - Yes, there are. / No there aren’t.

There aren’t many flowers in the room.

There are no flowers in the room.

Если в предложении с конструкцией there is / are имеется несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be обычно согласуется с подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним:

There is a table and 6 chairs in the room.

There are 6 chairs and a table in the room.

Exercises

I. Вставьте some, any, no .

1. Where is your luggage? I don’t have …

2. I am going to the post office. I need … stamps.

3. Have you got … customers from foreign countries?

4. Do you speak … foreign languages?

5. There aren’t … shops in this part of town.

6. Do you know where Jane is? I have … idea.

7. Everything is OK. There are … problems.

8. There are … letters on the desk for you.

9. Can I have … copies of a new price list?

10. Do you know … good hotels in London?

11. Do you need … money? No, thank you, I have ….

12. I am afraid there is … coffee. Would you like... tea?

13. There is … difference between these two models. They are the same.

 

II. Вставьте something, somebody, anything, anybody, nobody.

1. Do you know … about computers?

2. There isn’t … in the box. It’s empty.

3. Would you like … to drink?

4. It’s a secret. Please don’t tell ….

5. I am not hungry. I don’t want … to eat.

6. What’s wrong? There is … in my eye.

7. Listen carefully. There is … I want to tell you.

8. There is … in the office. It’s completely empty.

9. Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember …..

10. Be quite. Don’t say ….

11. This sample is free. It costs ….

12. She speaks very fast. I don’t understand ….

13. Do you know … in this firm? Yes, a few people.

14. Is there …. interesting on TV tonight?

 

MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF, (a) FEW, (a) LITTLE

	исчисляемые существительные are	неисчисляемые существительные is
много	many / a lot of customers, clerks, dresses, friends, contracts, ….	much / a lot of time, money, sugar, tea, bread, information, news, water, ….
мало	few (-) customers, offers, books, ….	little (-) time, money, juice, information, light, interest, ….
несколько немного	a few (+) friends, orders, ….	a little (+) time, cheese, ….

How many states are there in the USA?

How much petrol do you need for your car?

How much water is there in the vase?

Сочетание a lot of (много)употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, например:

They asked me a lot of questions

He earns a lot of money.

Exercises

Section B

Text A

Vocabulary

be on business – быть в командировке

go on business – поехать в командировку

board n – правление, руководство

board of directors – совет директоров

capital n – столица

competent a – компетентный

condition n – условие

contract n – контракт

copier n – копир

decision n – решение

department n – отдел

different a – разный, различный

distribution n – распределение, распространение

dividend n – дивиденд

employee n – сотрудник

equipment n – оборудование

experienced a – опытный

head-office n – головной офис

high a – высокий

important a – важный

located a – расположенный

marketing n – маркетинг

modern a – современный

offer n – предложение

personnel n – персонал, кадры, сотрудники

plant n – завод

produce v – производить

profitable a – прибыльный

rent v – арендовать

run a company – управлять компанией

sales n – продажи

strategy n – стратегия

suburbs n – пригород

successfully adv – успешно

work for v – работать на..

 

Exercises

 

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Where does Mr. Sun work?

2. What does the company produce?

3. Where is their head-office?

4. Where do they have plants and offices?

5. How many people work for the company?

6. What departments are there in the head-office?

7. Who takes the most important decisions in the company?

8. Are they a successful company?

9. Who is at Mr. Sun’s office now?

10. What is there in Mr. Sun’s office?

11. Who does Mr. Glebov want to see?

12. Where is the General Director?

13. What does Mr. Sun want to discuss?

 

Text B

SHOPPING STREET.

 

Nowy Swiat which means New World is the best shopping street in the world. It is not in London, New York or Paris but in Warsaw. 14000 Poles walk down this main street every hour. It is a lovely place to shop. There are statues, palaces, attractive town houses, exclusive cafes, and high-class restaurants. The buildings are not too tall. They look old but in fact they are rather modern. There aren’t any billboards or neon lights. There isn’t any loud music and there aren’t many tourists. People think that Polish shops have nothing to sell, so nobody comes shopping here. The world doesn’t know about this paradise for shoppers yet. It is now possible to buy almost everything in Warsaw. There are a lot of shops from the West, but the interesting thing that Polish manufacturers produce high quality goods. They are good because Polish plants don’t produce the goods for world consumption. Nowy Swiat has a lot of small shops, specialist shops and chic shops. There are also book shops and record shops. And there are a lot of small boutiques that sell men’s and women’s clothes that aren’t too expensive. It hasn’t got the huge department stores that sell the same things everywhere.

Vocabulary

attractive a -привлекательный

billboard n -рекламный щит

consumption n -потребление

department store-универмаг

expensive a -дорогостоящий

goods n -товары

high quality a -высококачественный

manufacturer n -производитель

modern a -современный

palace n - дворец

paradise n -рай

specialist shop -специализированный магазин

 

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. How many people visit Nowy Swiat every day?

2. What are there in the street?

3. What goods do Polish manufacturers produce?

4. Why are Polish goods of high quality?

5. What kind of shops are there?

 

UNIT 3

Section A Grammar reference

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Continuous .

1. The secretary (work) on the computer at the moment.

2. We (have) business talks now.

3. Please, be quiet. I (work).

4. Look! They (leave) the office.

5. Mr. Baker (look) through English newspapers now.

6. I (write) a letter to my client right now.

7. It’s late. I (go) home now.

8. Mr. Ivanov (speak) on the phone now.

9. Where are the engineers? They (have) lunch in a cafe.

10. Listen! Somebody (speak) on the phone.

 

Section B

Text

TELEPHONE CONVERSATION

 

RICHARD	Hello. Mario? This is Richard Slade.
MARIO	Hello, Richard. Where are you phoning from?
RICHARD	I’m here, in Rome.
MARIO	But the line’s terrible!
RICHARD	I’m using my mobile phone. I’m in a taxi.
MARIO	Where are you staying?
RICHARD	At the Sheraton.
MARIO	What are you doing here?
RICHARD	I’m here on business.
MARIO	Are you working for the same company?
RICHARD	Yes, but I’m General Manager now.
MARIO	Congratulations! Why are you visiting Rome?
RICHARD	I’m seeing a manufacturer here.
MARIO	Really! How about lunch? Where are you going right now?
RICHARD	Nowhere. We are not moving.
MARIO	Oh, dear! Are you sitting in a traffic jam?
RICHARD	Yes, I am.
MARIO	What about dinner, then?
RICHARD	Fine. How about 7.30 at my hotel?

 

Vocabulary

manager n – менеджер

General Manager – Генеральный директор, главный управляющий

manufacturer n – производитель

the same a – тот же, такой же

see v – видеть, встречаться с к.-л.

traffic jam n – «пробка» на дороге

 

Exercises

 

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Where are Richard and Mario?

2. Which hotel is Richard staying at?

3. Is he at the hotel now?

4. What is he doing at the moment?

5. Why is Richard in Rome?

6. What is Richard’s position in the company?

7. When are Mario and Richard going to meet?

 

UNIT 4

Section A Grammar reference

Образование прошедшего времени группы Simple.

По способу образования основных форм (Past Simple и Participle II) глаголы делятся на две группы: правильные и неправильные (regular and irregular verbs).

Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Simple и Participle II путем прибавления окончания - ed/ -d к инфинитиву глагола.

Окончание – ed читается:

[ d ] – после звонких согласных (кроме d) и гласных: to open - open ed, to play – play ed;

[ t ] – после глухих согласных (кроме t): to help – help ed;

[ id ] – после звуков [t], [d]: to translate – translat ed, to decide – decid ed.

Правила правописания.

1. Если инфинитив глагола оканчивается на букву – e, то прибавляется только

– d: to live – liv ed.

2. Буква y после согласной меняется на i. После гласных y сохраняется:

to copy – cop ied, to stay – sta yed.

3. После краткой ударной гласной конечная согласная удваивается как в односложных, так и в многосложных словах: to stop – sto pped, to transmit - transmi tted.

Неправильные глаголы образуют Past Simple и Participle II не по общему правилу (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов).

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы прошедшего времени как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов для всех лиц образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

She sent the letter yesterday.	Она отправила письмо вчера.
Did she send the letter yesterday?	- Yes, she did. - No, she didn’t.
She did not (didn’t) send the letter yesterday.
They worked last Saturday.	Они работали в прошлую субботу.
Did they work last Saturday?	- Yes, they did. - No, they didn’t.
They did not (didn’t) work last Saturday.

 

Past Simple употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося или совершавшегося в прошлом. Это время употребляется в повествовании, при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом, а также в разговоре о прошедших событиях.

 

Past Simple употребляется со следующими обстоятельствами времени:

yesterday	вчера
the day before yesterday	позавчера
yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)	вчера утром (днем, вечером)
at 6 o’clock	в 6 часов
an hour ago	час тому назад
a week (month, year, …) ago	неделю (месяц, год, …) тому назад
last week (month, year, Tuesday, …)	на прошлой неделе (в прошлом месяце, году, в прошлый вторник,...)
last night	вчера вечером / ночью
the other day	на днях
in 2005	в 2005 году (и т.п.)

 

 

Таблица неправильных глаголов.

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	Translation
be	was, were	been	быть
beat	beat	beaten	бить
become	became	become	стать, становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать
bite	bit	bitten	кусать(ся)
break	broke	broken	ломать(ся), разбивать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
build	built	built	строить
buy	bought	bought	покупать
catch	caught	caught	поймать
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
cut	cut	cut	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	чертить, рисовать; тащить
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	ехать, водить (машину)
eat	ate	eaten	есть
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	кормить
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
find	found	found	находить
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
forgive	forgave	forgiven	прощать
get	got	got	получать; доставать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ходить, ехать
grow	grew	grown	расти; становиться
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hide	hid	hidden	прятать(ся)
hit	hit	hit	ударять
hurt	hurt	hurt	повредить, причинять боль
keep	kept	kept	хранить, держать
know	knew	known	знать
lead	led	led	вести; руководить
learn	learnt, learned	learnt, learned	изучать, учить
leave	left	left	оставлять
lend	lent	lent	одолжить, дать взаймы
let	let	let	позволять
lie	lay	lain	лежать
light	lit	lit	зажигать, светить
lose	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать, изготавливать
mean	meant	meant	иметь в виду, намереваться
meet	met	met	встречать
pay	paid	paid	платить
put	put	put	класть, положить
read	read	read	читать
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen	поднимать(ся), вставать
run	ran	run	бежать
say	said	said	говорить, сказать
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	ставить, помещать
shake	shook	shaken	трясти
shine	shone	shone	светить, блестеть
show	showed	showed	показывать
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
spend	spent	spent	тратить; проводить время
stand	stood	stood	стоять
steal	stole	stolen	красть, воровать
strike	struck	struck	ударит, бить; бастовать
swim	swam	swum	плавать
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	учить, преподавать
tell	told	told	рассказывать, сказать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
wake	woke	woken	просыпаться; будить
wear	wore	worn	носить
win	won	won	выиграть, победить
write	wrote	written	писать

Exercises

I. Поставьте нужную форму глагола was/were .

1. _____ he busy on Monday?

2. The talks ________ not very difficult yesterday.

3. It ___________ very cold last night.

4. The managers _________ very tired.

5. It _____ not his first visit to London.

6. I __________ greatly interested in our business.

7. The goods of Smith & Co _____ very popular in the world market last year.

8. _________ they on business last month?

9. Why _______you late this morning?

10. John ____ not at work last week because he____ ill.

 

 

II. Вставьте am, is, are, was, were .

1. I _________ a secretary. I work in a big office.

2. They________ in Spain last week.

3. I _________ cold. Please, close the windows.

4. George _________ tired. He is leaving the office now.

5. The partners _____________ in the restaurant last night.

6. What goods ______ you interested in the other day?

7. Terry _______________ our customer. He lives in London.

8. Sophia and Ann __________ always late for work.

9. Today the weather ____ nice, but yesterday it____ very cold.

10. Don’t buy this equipment, it ___ very expensive.

 

III. Образуйте общие вопросы и отрицательные предложения в Past Simple :

1. I sent an offer to the client yesterday.

2. We saw the machines in operation the day before yesterday.

3. They signed a contract the other day.

4. She met the representatives of the firm 2 days ago.

5. They discussed business matters during the talks.

6. We found the price too high.

7. I finished work early.

8. She went to the bank in the morning.

9. We had a nice holiday last summer.

10. The hotel was comfortable.

IV. Образуйте специальные вопросы в Past Simple :

1. Our partners invited us to the restaurant last night. (when?)

2. Tom arrived at work late yesterday. (where?)

3. The clients agreed to buy the goods. (who?)

4. She enjoyed her trip. (what?)

5. He visited Britain last month. (when?)

6. They discussed the price. (what?)

7. The manger often went on business to Italy last year. (where?)

8. They didn’t like the hotel. The room was small and dirty. (why?)

9. Last Tuesday Lisa flew to London. (when?)

10. We had the talks in the conference room. (where?)

 

V.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple .

1. Our company (make) some contracts last month.

2. I (leave) the office at 7.00 p.m.

3. Our director (visit) Japan 2 weeks ago.

4. We (meet) our partners the other day.

5. We (start) producing a new model of computer 3 months ago.

6. The (know) that the goods (be) of high quality.

7. I (receive) a lot of messages in the morning.

8. The company (deliver) the goods on time.

9. I (see) that model at the exhibition.

10. Mr.Bell (give) us all the necessary information.

11. The secretary (make) an appointment with Mr.Jones for Friday.

 

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Simple или Past Simple

1. Sue (phone) me yesterday evening.

2. The manager usually (read) letters in the morning.

3. We (fax) the price list a week ago.

4. Our company always (do) business with foreign firms.

5. He often (go) on business.

6. Our firm (reduce) the price last month.

7. We (sign) contracts every year.

8. They (place) a large order last week.

9. They (produce) very good computers.

10. I (send) them a letter the other day.

Section B

Text A

TRAVELLING ON BUSINESS

 

Boris Petrov is an engineer of a Russian foreign-trade organization. He often goes on business to different European, Asian and African countries. His organization does business with lots of foreign firms.

Last month he was in Great Britain. He went there to sign a contract for the purchase of some equipment. The talks were very difficult. Petrov and the British businessmen discussed prices, terms of delivery, terms of shipment and other business matters. The supplier agreed to reduce the price.

During his trip Petrov visited different plants where he saw the equipment in operation. He also attended a 3-day conference on industrial investment policy and financial management and met with consultants from law firms. Boris was lucky with the weather. It was warm and it didn’t rain. He was pleased with the trip.

Vocabulary

agree v – соглашаться

attend v – присутствовать, посещать

attend a conference – присутствовать на конференции

consultant n – консультант

do business v – сотрудничать, вести дела

engineer n – инженер

financial a – финансовый

industrial a – промышленный

investment n – инвестирование, инвестиция

industrial investment policy – политика промышленных инвестиций

law n – закон

matter n – вопрос, проблема

operation n – действие

in operation – в действии

pleased a – довольный

policy n – политика

purchase n – покупка

purchase v – покупать

reduce v – сократить, снизить

sign v – подписывать

supplier n – поставщик

trip n – поездка

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What does Mr. Petrov do?

2. Does he travel much?

3. Where did he go last month?

4. Why did he go there?

5. What did he discuss at the talks?

6. What did he see at the plants that he visited?

7. What conference did he visit?

8. Who did he meet at the conference?

9. What was the weather like in Britain?

10. Did Mr. Petrov like the trip?

Text B

A VISIT TO THE PLANT

TAYLOR:	We like your plant, Mr Ivanov. It’s quite modern.
IVANOV:	Glad to hear that, the plant is really new. We built it only two years ago.
TAYLOR:	By the way, how long did it take you to construct it?
IVANOV:	Three years, though it’s one of the biggest plants here.
TAYLOR:	You produce very good compressors, they are easy to operate and reliable. Do you produce anything else?
IVANOV:	No, nothing else, as we specialize in compressors. Our goods are in great demand in the world market. We export them to many countries of the world. Last year was particularly good. Our total sales increased to 247 million roubles. We found new foreign partners.
TAYLOR:	Incidentally, in what way did you use the profit?
IVANOV:	We invested heavily to improve the quality. We increased the salaries and wages. We also arranged a number of training courses for technical personnel.
TAYLOR:	We’d like to establish business relations with you. We are going to place a large order.
IVANOV:	We’ll be glad to cooperate with you.

 

Vocabulary

arrange v – организовывать, устраивать

build v – строить

construct v – строить

cooperate v – сотрудничать

demand n – спрос

be in great demand – пользоваться большим спросом

easy a – простой

establish v – устанавливать

export v – экспортировать

How long did it take you? – Сколько времени это заняло?

It takes me 30 minutes to get to work. – На дорогу до работы у меня уходит 30 минут.

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