V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

Attractive manufacturer specialist shop department store

Expensive high quality consumption

1. Our plant produces __________goods.

2. Your price is not ___________ to us. It is too high.

3. This_______________ doesn’t produce the goods for world____________.

4. There are no big __________________ in Nowy Swait.

5. Not all _______________ shops are very ________ in this street.

UNIT 3

Section A Grammar reference

The Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее продолженное время)

Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующей форме настоящего времени (am, are, is) и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle/ Participle I)смыслового глагола.

Participle Iобразуется путем прибавления окончания -ing к основной форме глагола: work + ing = working.

Особенности написания Participle I.

1. Если глагол оканчивается на –e, то при прибавлении –ing буква e отбрасывается: tak e + ing = tak ing.

2. Если глагол оканчивается на согласную, перед которой стоит краткая ударная гласная, то конечная согласная удваивается: sit + ing = si tting.

3. Конечная гласная y при прибавлении окончания –ing сохраняется:

stud y + ing = stud ying.

 

Спряжение глаголов в Present Continuous:

Утвердительная форма

I	am	working.
HE, SHE, IT	is	working.
WE, YOU, THEY	are	working.

Вопросительная формаКраткие ответы

Am	I	working?	- Yes, I am / No I’m not.
Is	HE, SHE, IT	working?	- Yes, he is / No he isn’t
Are	WE, YOU, THEY	working?	- Yes, we are / No we aren’t

Отрицательная форма

I	am not	working.
HE, SHE, IT	is not	working.
WE, YOU, THEY	are not	working.

Present Continuousупотребляется:

· для обозначения действия, которое совершается в момент речи:

I am watching TV (now).

(Сейчас) Я смотрю телевизор.

 

· для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени:

She is writing a new book.

Она пишет новую книгу.

 

· для выражения заранее намеченного, запланированного действия, которое совершится в ближайшем будущем. В этом случае в предложении обычно имеется обстоятельство времени, указывающее на будущее время:

They are arriving tomorrow.

Они приезжают завтра.

 

Примечание.

Глаголы, выражающие чувства, восприятие, умственную деятельность, а также некоторые другие в форме Continuous не употребляются: to like (нравиться), to love (любить), to want (хотеть), to see (видеть), to hear (слышать), to know (знать), to forget (забывать), to understand (понимать),

to believe (верить), to have (в значении иметь, владеть) и другие.

 

Exercises

I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Continuous .

1. The secretary (work) on the computer at the moment.

2. We (have) business talks now.

3. Please, be quiet. I (work).

4. Look! They (leave) the office.

5. Mr. Baker (look) through English newspapers now.

6. I (write) a letter to my client right now.

7. It’s late. I (go) home now.

8. Mr. Ivanov (speak) on the phone now.

9. Where are the engineers? They (have) lunch in a cafe.

10. Listen! Somebody (speak) on the phone.

 

II. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. I work /am working now.

2. He doesn’t speak / isn’t speaking five languages.

3.I see / am seeing the manager tomorrow.

4. I don’t use / am not using my mobile phone in the office.

5. Do they have /are they having lunch in the restaurant at the moment?

6. She always stays / is staying at the Hilton when she is on business.

7. We leave / are leaving Moscow for London next week.

8. Bob drives/is driving to the office at the moment.

9. It rains/is raining. I don’t want/am not wanting to go out now.

10. You can turn off the computer. I don’t work/am not working.

 

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Where is Mr. Green? He (have) talks with the customers.

2. We (sell) goods to different countries.

3. Hurry up! The manager (wait) for us.

4. Please be quiet! The managers (the check) the orders.

5. This company (buy) goods from foreign companies.

6. I can speak to you now. I (work) on the computer.

7. Our managers often (go) on business trips.

8. You (go) out tonight? No, I’m too tired.

9. Now I (know) what to offer the clients.

10. Sarah never (forget) customers’ names.

11. We (go) to the concert this evening. It (start) at 7.30.

 

IV. Выберите правильное обстоятельство времени.

1. Do you go out at present/at the weekend?

2. Sally usually types letters in the morning /now.

3. He isn’t reading offers at the moment/ every day.

4. Are they having talks every Monday/now?

5. She visits the customers every week /at the moment.

6. We finish work earlier on Fridays/ now.

7. I am going to the plant every day /today.

8. George uses the fax very often/now.

9. He is leaving the office at 6 o’clock/in 2 hours.

10. I don’t meet customers on Saturdays/right now.

V. Составьте предложения, употребив Present Continuous для выражения запланированного ближайшего будущего

1. Monday 5th: go on business to London. He_________________________

2. Tuesday 6th: have a meeting with customers ___________________

3. Wednesday 7 th: have talks with sales representatives _____________________.

4. Thursday 8th:. visit the plant__________________________.

5. Friday 9th:. sign the contract________________________.

6. Saturday 10th:. have lunch with Mr.Smith ______________________

7. Sunday 11^th: play tennis with friends_________________________

Section B

Text

TELEPHONE CONVERSATION

 

RICHARD	Hello. Mario? This is Richard Slade.
MARIO	Hello, Richard. Where are you phoning from?
RICHARD	I’m here, in Rome.
MARIO	But the line’s terrible!
RICHARD	I’m using my mobile phone. I’m in a taxi.
MARIO	Where are you staying?
RICHARD	At the Sheraton.
MARIO	What are you doing here?
RICHARD	I’m here on business.
MARIO	Are you working for the same company?
RICHARD	Yes, but I’m General Manager now.
MARIO	Congratulations! Why are you visiting Rome?
RICHARD	I’m seeing a manufacturer here.
MARIO	Really! How about lunch? Where are you going right now?
RICHARD	Nowhere. We are not moving.
MARIO	Oh, dear! Are you sitting in a traffic jam?
RICHARD	Yes, I am.
MARIO	What about dinner, then?
RICHARD	Fine. How about 7.30 at my hotel?

 

Vocabulary

manager n – менеджер

General Manager – Генеральный директор, главный управляющий

manufacturer n – производитель

the same a – тот же, такой же

see v – видеть, встречаться с к.-л.

traffic jam n – «пробка» на дороге

 

Exercises

 

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Where are Richard and Mario?

2. Which hotel is Richard staying at?

3. Is he at the hotel now?

4. What is he doing at the moment?

5. Why is Richard in Rome?

6. What is Richard’s position in the company?

7. When are Mario and Richard going to meet?

 

II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.

1. Mario and Richard are in France.

2. They are speaking on the phone.

3. Mario is phoning Richard to invite him for dinner.

4. Mario is in Rome on business.

5. Richard is in the hotel now.

6. Richard is in Rome to meet a business partner.

7. Richard is President of his company.

 

III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.

1. mobile 2. stay at 3. to see 4. to visit 5. traffic

a hotel a manufacturer jam phone Rome

 

IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.

1. Mr. Green is phoning ____ our office in London.

2. Why are you visiting ____ New York? – I’ m ____ business here.

3. I’m going ____ Madrid to see ____ our customer there.

4. When I come ____ London I always stay ____ the same hotel.

5. How ___ dinner ____ 12 o’clock today?

V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.

 

General Manager manufacturer same seeing stays

1. ABC is a British ______ of office equipment.

2. What are you doing on Tuesday morning? – I’m______ Mr. Green from Kirsten Ltd.

3. What do you do? – I am ______ of Brown&Co.

4. Mr. Turner has worked for the _______ company for thirty years.

5. When our Director comes to London he usually ________ at the Ritz Hotel.

 

 

UNIT 4

Section A Grammar reference

Образование прошедшего времени группы Simple.

По способу образования основных форм (Past Simple и Participle II) глаголы делятся на две группы: правильные и неправильные (regular and irregular verbs).

Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Simple и Participle II путем прибавления окончания - ed/ -d к инфинитиву глагола.

Окончание – ed читается:

[ d ] – после звонких согласных (кроме d) и гласных: to open - open ed, to play – play ed;

[ t ] – после глухих согласных (кроме t): to help – help ed;

[ id ] – после звуков [t], [d]: to translate – translat ed, to decide – decid ed.

Правила правописания.

1. Если инфинитив глагола оканчивается на букву – e, то прибавляется только

– d: to live – liv ed.

2. Буква y после согласной меняется на i. После гласных y сохраняется:

to copy – cop ied, to stay – sta yed.

3. После краткой ударной гласной конечная согласная удваивается как в односложных, так и в многосложных словах: to stop – sto pped, to transmit - transmi tted.

Неправильные глаголы образуют Past Simple и Participle II не по общему правилу (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов).

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы прошедшего времени как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов для всех лиц образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без частицы to). Вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

She sent the letter yesterday.	Она отправила письмо вчера.
Did she send the letter yesterday?	- Yes, she did. - No, she didn’t.
She did not (didn’t) send the letter yesterday.
They worked last Saturday.	Они работали в прошлую субботу.
Did they work last Saturday?	- Yes, they did. - No, they didn’t.
They did not (didn’t) work last Saturday.

 

Past Simple употребляется для выражения действия, совершившегося или совершавшегося в прошлом. Это время употребляется в повествовании, при изложении событий, имевших место в прошлом, а также в разговоре о прошедших событиях.

 

Past Simple употребляется со следующими обстоятельствами времени:

yesterday	вчера
the day before yesterday	позавчера
yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)	вчера утром (днем, вечером)
at 6 o’clock	в 6 часов
an hour ago	час тому назад
a week (month, year, …) ago	неделю (месяц, год, …) тому назад
last week (month, year, Tuesday, …)	на прошлой неделе (в прошлом месяце, году, в прошлый вторник,...)
last night	вчера вечером / ночью
the other day	на днях
in 2005	в 2005 году (и т.п.)

 

 

Таблица неправильных глаголов.

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	Translation
be	was, were	been	быть
beat	beat	beaten	бить
become	became	become	стать, становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать
bite	bit	bitten	кусать(ся)
break	broke	broken	ломать(ся), разбивать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
build	built	built	строить
buy	bought	bought	покупать
catch	caught	caught	поймать
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
cut	cut	cut	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	чертить, рисовать; тащить
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	ехать, водить (машину)
eat	ate	eaten	есть
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	кормить
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
find	found	found	находить
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
forgive	forgave	forgiven	прощать
get	got	got	получать; доставать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ходить, ехать
grow	grew	grown	расти; становиться
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hide	hid	hidden	прятать(ся)
hit	hit	hit	ударять
hurt	hurt	hurt	повредить, причинять боль
keep	kept	kept	хранить, держать
know	knew	known	знать
lead	led	led	вести; руководить
learn	learnt, learned	learnt, learned	изучать, учить
leave	left	left	оставлять
lend	lent	lent	одолжить, дать взаймы
let	let	let	позволять
lie	lay	lain	лежать
light	lit	lit	зажигать, светить
lose	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать, изготавливать
mean	meant	meant	иметь в виду, намереваться
meet	met	met	встречать
pay	paid	paid	платить
put	put	put	класть, положить
read	read	read	читать
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen	поднимать(ся), вставать
run	ran	run	бежать
say	said	said	говорить, сказать
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	ставить, помещать
shake	shook	shaken	трясти
shine	shone	shone	светить, блестеть
show	showed	showed	показывать
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
spend	spent	spent	тратить; проводить время
stand	stood	stood	стоять
steal	stole	stolen	красть, воровать
strike	struck	struck	ударит, бить; бастовать
swim	swam	swum	плавать
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	учить, преподавать
tell	told	told	рассказывать, сказать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
wake	woke	woken	просыпаться; будить
wear	wore	worn	носить
win	won	won	выиграть, победить
write	wrote	written	писать

Exercises

I. Поставьте нужную форму глагола was/were .

1. _____ he busy on Monday?

2. The talks ________ not very difficult yesterday.

3. It ___________ very cold last night.

4. The managers _________ very tired.

5. It _____ not his first visit to London.

6. I __________ greatly interested in our business.

7. The goods of Smith & Co _____ very popular in the world market last year.

8. _________ they on business last month?

9. Why _______you late this morning?

10. John ____ not at work last week because he____ ill.

 

 

II. Вставьте am, is, are, was, were .

1. I _________ a secretary. I work in a big office.

2. They________ in Spain last week.

3. I _________ cold. Please, close the windows.

4. George _________ tired. He is leaving the office now.

5. The partners _____________ in the restaurant last night.

6. What goods ______ you interested in the other day?

7. Terry _______________ our customer. He lives in London.

8. Sophia and Ann __________ always late for work.

9. Today the weather ____ nice, but yesterday it____ very cold.

10. Don’t buy this equipment, it ___ very expensive.

 

III. Образуйте общие вопросы и отрицательные предложения в Past Simple :

1. I sent an offer to the client yesterday.

2. We saw the machines in operation the day before yesterday.

3. They signed a contract the other day.

4. She met the representatives of the firm 2 days ago.

5. They discussed business matters during the talks.

6. We found the price too high.

7. I finished work early.

8. She went to the bank in the morning.

9. We had a nice holiday last summer.

10. The hotel was comfortable.

IV. Образуйте специальные вопросы в Past Simple :

1. Our partners invited us to the restaurant last night. (when?)

2. Tom arrived at work late yesterday. (where?)

3. The clients agreed to buy the goods. (who?)

4. She enjoyed her trip. (what?)

5. He visited Britain last month. (when?)

6. They discussed the price. (what?)

7. The manger often went on business to Italy last year. (where?)

8. They didn’t like the hotel. The room was small and dirty. (why?)

9. Last Tuesday Lisa flew to London. (when?)

10. We had the talks in the conference room. (where?)

 

V.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple .

1. Our company (make) some contracts last month.

2. I (leave) the office at 7.00 p.m.

3. Our director (visit) Japan 2 weeks ago.

4. We (meet) our partners the other day.

5. We (start) producing a new model of computer 3 months ago.

6. The (know) that the goods (be) of high quality.

7. I (receive) a lot of messages in the morning.

8. The company (deliver) the goods on time.

9. I (see) that model at the exhibition.

10. Mr.Bell (give) us all the necessary information.

11. The secretary (make) an appointment with Mr.Jones for Friday.

 

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present Simple или Past Simple

1. Sue (phone) me yesterday evening.

2. The manager usually (read) letters in the morning.

3. We (fax) the price list a week ago.

4. Our company always (do) business with foreign firms.

5. He often (go) on business.

6. Our firm (reduce) the price last month.

7. We (sign) contracts every year.

8. They (place) a large order last week.

9. They (produce) very good computers.

10. I (send) them a letter the other day.

Section B

Text A

TRAVELLING ON BUSINESS

 

Boris Petrov is an engineer of a Russian foreign-trade organization. He often goes on business to different European, Asian and African countries. His organization does business with lots of foreign firms.

Last month he was in Great Britain. He went there to sign a contract for the purchase of some equipment. The talks were very difficult. Petrov and the British businessmen discussed prices, terms of delivery, terms of shipment and other business matters. The supplier agreed to reduce the price.

During his trip Petrov visited different plants where he saw the equipment in operation. He also attended a 3-day conference on industrial investment policy and financial management and met with consultants from law firms. Boris was lucky with the weather. It was warm and it didn’t rain. He was pleased with the trip.

Vocabulary

agree v – соглашаться

attend v – присутствовать, посещать

attend a conference – присутствовать на конференции

consultant n – консультант

do business v – сотрудничать, вести дела

engineer n – инженер

financial a – финансовый

industrial a – промышленный

investment n – инвестирование, инвестиция

industrial investment policy – политика промышленных инвестиций

law n – закон

matter n – вопрос, проблема

operation n – действие

in operation – в действии

pleased a – довольный

policy n – политика

purchase n – покупка

purchase v – покупать

reduce v – сократить, снизить

sign v – подписывать

supplier n – поставщик

trip n – поездка

Exercises

I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What does Mr. Petrov do?

2. Does he travel much?

3. Where did he go last month?

4. Why did he go there?

5. What did he discuss at the talks?

6. What did he see at the plants that he visited?

7. What conference did he visit?

8. Who did he meet at the conference?

9. What was the weather like in Britain?

10. Did Mr. Petrov like the trip?