Железнодорожных специальностей

М.В. Жесткова

 

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

 

 

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ 1 КУРСА

ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ

 

 

 

 

САМАРА 2010

УДК

ББК

Ж

Рецензенты:

 

кандидат филологических наук

Самарский государственный педагогический университет

С.А. Сучкова

 

кандидат филологических наук

Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения

Никитина С.Я.

 

Жесткова М.В.

Английский язык: методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей заочной формы обучения. / М.В. Жесткова – Самара: СамГУПС, 2010, - с.

 

Методические указания и контрольные работы предназначены для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей заочной формы обучения. Цель методических указаний заключается в том, чтобы выработать у студентов навыки адекватного перевода текстов по специальности широкого профиля и активного владения грамматической системой современного английского языка.

Методические указания состоят из двух контрольных работ, представленных в пяти вариантах, грамматического справочника, краткого англо-русского словаря и приложения, в которое вошли грамматические упражнения, ориентированные как на аудиторные занятия, так и на самостоятельную работу студентов.

 

 

УДК

ББК

 

© Жесткова М.В., 2010

© СамГУПС, 2010

 

Содержание

Рекомендации по оформлению контрольных работ

Контрольная работа № 1

Вариант 1

Вариант 2

Вариант 3

Вариант 4

Вариант 5

 

Контрольная работа № 2

Вариант 1

Вариант 2

Вариант 3

Вариант 4

Вариант 5

 

Приложение

Часть 1

Часть 2

 

Краткий грамматический справочник

§ 1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения

§ 2. Глагол to be

§ 3. Глагол to have

§ 4. Оборот there + to be

§ 5. Притяжательный падеж имени существительного

§ 6. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

§ 7. Основные формы глагола

§ 8. Времена групп Simple, Continuous, Perfect

§ 9. Согласование времён

§ 10. Модальные глаголы

§ 11. Причастие

§ 12. Порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях

§ 13. Наиболее распространенные служебные слова

Таблица неправильных глаголов

Краткий англо-русский словарь

 

 

Рекомендации по оформлению контрольных работ

(1) Каждое контрольное задание в данных методических указаниях предлагается в пяти вариантах. Номер варианта, который должен выполнить студент, следует выбирать в соответствии с последней цифрой шифра студенческого билета:

шифр 000 1 – вариант № 1 шифр 000 6 – вариант № 3

шифр 000 2 – вариант № 1 шифр 000 7 – вариант № 4

шифр 000 3 – вариант № 2 шифр 000 8 – вариант № 4

шифр 000 4 – вариант № 2 шифр 000 9 – вариант № 5

шифр 000 5 – вариант № 3 шифр 000 0 – вариант № 5

 

(2) Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради напишите свою фамилию, имя, отчество (полностью); шифр студенческого билета, номер контрольной работы / варианта. В конце выполненной контрольной работы укажите список использованной литературы.

(3) Будьте внимательны при переписывании английских предложений из методических указаний. Если вы не знаете русских эквивалентов английских имён собственных (например, географических названий и т.п.) или не уверены в правильном их написании по-русски, оставьте в контрольной работе английский вариант слова.

(4) Контрольные работы должны быть написаны аккуратно, чётким подчерком. В тетради в клетку пишите через клетку. Оставляйте на страницах поля для объяснений и методических указаний рецензента. Перед выполнением каждого упражнения пишите задание к нему. Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради следующим образом:

 

ЛЕВАЯ СТРАНИЦА	ПРАВАЯ СТРАНИЦА
ПОЛЯ	АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ТЕКСТ	РУССКИЙ ТЕКСТ	ПОЛЯ

 

Первая страница тетради при этом остаётся пустой.

(5) Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования в установленные сроки.

(6) Неправильно и небрежно оформленные работы, а также работы, вариант которых не соответствует шифру, возвращаются студенту без проверки.

(7) После получения проверенной контрольной работы следует ознакомиться с замечаниями и проанализировать отмеченные неточности перевода либо грамматические ошибки. Руководствуясь указаниями рецензента, нужно ещё раз проработать учебный материал и выполнить работу над ошибками.

 

Список рекомендованной литературы

1. Людвигова Е.В., Баженова С.М. Учебник английского языка для вузов заочного обучения. – М., 1982.

2. Новицкая Т.М., Кучин Н.Д. Учебник английского языка для заочных технических вузов. – М., 1974 и более поздние издания.

3. Новицкая Т.М., Кучин Н.Д. Практическая грамматика английского языка. – М., 1971, 1979 и более поздние издания.

4. Петрова А.В. Самоучитель английского языка. – М., 1985 и более поздние издания.

5. Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В. и др. Английский язык для инженеров. – М: Высш. шк., 1998 и более поздние издания.

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

 

Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольного задания № 1, вам необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания – s.

2. Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных.

3. Числительное.

4. Глагол. Спряжение глаголов to be и to have. Оборот there + to be. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах.

5. Порядок слов в утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях.

 

ВАРИАНТ 1

 

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Kuibyshev Railway

 

The Kuibyshev Railway (KR) is among the country’s largest mainlines. It links European Russia with the economically vital regions of the Ural and Middle Asia. It runs across 3 republics and 7 regions.

The KR is one of the oldest railways in Russia. Its history dates back to the Morshansk-Syzran line put into operation in 1874. This line was 520 km long; it operated 42 steam locomotives, 47 Morse apparatus, 530 freight cars, 52 passenger carriages and 15 baggage cars.

In 1875, the decision was taken to span the Volga River by a bridge at Syzran, a town 400 km from Samara. Nikolay Belelyubskiy, an outstanding Russian scientist and bridge engineer was in charge of construction works. The special importance of the bridge was that this was the only rail link between Central Russia and Siberia. As bridge construction was a matter of national importance, it was personally supervised by Tsar Alexander II. 7 million gold rubles were spent to carry out the project. The inauguration of the bridge took place on August 30, 1880. The 1.5 km girder bridge had 13 spans 110 meters each. Until 1919, its official name was Alexander Bridge.

Nowadays, the KR as a branch of RZD Joint-Stock Company provides sustainable development¹ of the Volga-Urals economic region. It has 5 divisions: Samara, Ruzaevka, Penza, Ulyanovsk, Bashkiria. The operating length of the KR is 11.5 thousand km; 7.2 thousand km are main-line tracks. There are over 330 stations, including 6 marshalling yards. The railway operates 23 locomotive and car depots to maintain and repair rolling stock.

Freight traffic is a top priority for the KR. Among the most important goods transported are oil and oil products, chemicals, timber, cement, construction materials, automobiles, etc. Annually, over 60 mln tons of freight is carried by the KR. The introduction of advanced technologies into rail industry ensures safe and timely delivery of goods.

More than 30 mln people are transported by our railway every year. Passenger traffic is provided by long-distance trains, including named trains, as well as by local trains. Electrical multiple-unit trains are very popular among people living on the territory served by the KR. Every year, 25 million people travel by commuter trains.

 

Note: ¹sustainable development – устойчивое развитие

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. инженер-мостостроитель

2. дело государственной важности

3. мост с балочным пролётным строением

4. акционерная компания Российские железные дороги

5. эксплуатационная длина железной дороги

6. для обслуживания и ремонта подвижного состава

7. внедрение передовых технологий

8. безопасная и своевременная доставка грузов

9. фирменные поезда

10. поезда местного сообщения

 

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Does the KR run across 3 countries and 7 regions?

2. Is the KR the oldest railway in this country?

3. Was the length of the first section of the KR 520 miles?

4. Did steam locomotives draw trains in the 19^th century?

5. Were 7 million gold rubles spent to carry out the project of constructing the rail bridge?

6. Did the official opening of the bridge at Syzran take place on August 30, 1980?

7. Is the operating length of the KR 7.2 thousand km?

8. Does the introduction of advanced technologies into rail industry ensure safe and timely delivery of goods?

9. Are named trains used to carry freight such as oil and oil products, chemicals, timber, cement, construction materials, automobiles?

10. Do 25 million people travel by commuter trains annually?

ВАРИАНТ 2

 

Упр. 1. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

Model: The train departs at 7 pm. Поезд отправляется в 7 часов вечера.

departs – Present Simple Active (to depart)

 

1. In 1808, Richard Trevithick built a circular railway in London's Torrington Square. Steam carriage ‘Catch Me Who Can’ weighed 10 tons and moved at a speed of 15 mph.

2. The railway network connects all the major cities in Britain, and via the Channel Tunnel, links Britain with France and Belgium.

3. The first railways were constructed in the 16^th century but until 1804, only horsepower was used to haul cars.

4. Electrification of the line will allow a doubling of train weights to 6,000 tonnes.

5. Various kinds of freight, which require protection against unfavorable weather conditions, are carried in boxcars.

 

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

1. A diesel engine (to belong – Present Simple Active) to the class of internal combustion engines.

2. After the reconstruction of the old railway bridge, the speed of trains (to increase – Future Simple Passive).

3. In the 1860s and 70s, Pavel Melnikov (to play – Past Simple Active) a key role in the expansion of the railway network throughout European Russia.

4. In Europe, double-deck passenger coaches (to use – Present Simple Passive) in four-or five-car sets on suburban lines where traffic (to be – Present Simple Active) very heavy.

5. At the first railways, sleepers (to lay – Past Simple Passive) down along the railway track.

 

Упр. 2. Оборот there + to be

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их.

1. There was one case of derailment of a freight train on a section of line at Bexley, Britain.

2. There are plans to open a new high-speed rail line between London, Manchester and Leeds running at up to 180 mph.

3. There were a lot of passengers waiting for the local train arrival on the platform.

 

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму, и переведите их.

1. There to be one minute left before the train leaves. (Present)

2. The construction of the first tunnels required much time, effort and money because there to be no special equipment for it and only manual labor was used.(Past)

3. There to be a considerable increase in passenger traffic in summer. (Future)

 

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Rail transport in france

 

Railway construction in France began in the early 19th century. By the end of the century, most main lines of the country’s railway network were laid down. Many railway lines radiated out from Paris, which served as the country’s transportation hub. French railroads were nationalized in 1937. Independent railway companies and the state-controlled railways joined together in the Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer Francais (French National Railways, or SNCF), with the state owning a controlling share.

The railway network reached its peak length of 42,000 km in 1932. In the decades after World War II, railways declined sharply in importance. Many little-used rural railways were closed. Rail’s share of domestic freight traffic fell from 62 % in 1958 to 16 % in 1997. Today, France has 29,000 km of railroad track in use, two-fifths of which is electrified.

Rail passenger traffic remains important in France. The development of the high-speed TGV train led to the construction of several new lines, increased the speed of rail passenger traffic, and considerably decreased journey times. TGV can travel at speeds up to 320 kmh on specially built track, but the trains must travel much slower on conventional track. Nowadays, the TGV network carries more than one-fifth of all rail passengers.

The first TGV line was completed in 1981. It linked Paris with Lyon. A second line connected Paris with Nantes and Bordeaux. It was entered service in 1989. A third line linked Paris with Lille in 1993. In 1994, freight and passenger train service started through the Channel Tunnel, the world's longest undersea tunneling project connecting Calais, France, and Dover, England. Today, high-speed rail lines link Paris and other major French cities to many destinations outside of France, including cities in England, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland. TGV lines proved so successful they largely replaced passenger air travel between connected cities. Using the TGV, passengers can travel between Brussels and Paris in just 90 minutes.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. транспортный узел страны

2. контрольный пакет акций

3. значение железных дорог значительно уменьшилось

4. железные дороги, построенные в сельской местности

5. разработка высокоскоростного поезда TGV

6. время в пути

7. специально построенный железнодорожный путь

8. обычный железнодорожный путь

9. была пущена в эксплуатацию

10. самый длинный подводный тоннель в мире

 

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Did railway construction in France begin in the late 19th century?

2. Were French railroads nationalized before World War II?

3. Does France have 29,000 km of railroad track in use today?

4. Are all French railways electrified?

5. Does rail passenger traffic remain important in France?

6. Can TGV travel at speeds up to 320 kmh on conventional track?

7. Do the TGV trains carry more than one-fifth of all rail passengers?

8. Was the first TGV line built in 1881?

9. Did a third TGV line link Paris with Nantes and Bordeaux?

10. Do the TGV trains cover the distance between Brussels and Paris in 90 hours?

ВАРИАНТ 3

 

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Rail transport in Japan

 

Modern means of transport connect all parts of Japan and provide the fast, efficient movement of passengers and goods.

Railways are the main means of land transportation. The first Japanese railway was laid in 1872 between Tokyo and Yokohama. By 1930, a rail network covered the four main islands. Most private lines were nationalized in 1906 and passed to a public corporation, the Japanese National Railways (JNR). In 1949, the JNR operated about four fifths of Japan's 17,000 miles of narrow-gauge railway lines. It owned about 90 % of all rolling stock.

Because of postwar population growth and economic development, the carrying capacity of Japan's railways considerably decreased. To improve the situation, the high-speed, broad-gauge New Tokaido Line went into operation in 1964. Its fastest express trains make the 320-mile run from Tokyo to Osaka in a little more than three hours. An extension¹ known as the New Sanyo Line was completed from Osaka to Okayama in 1972. Other high-speed lines called Shinkansen were built thereafter. The railways of Honshu are linked to Hokkaido by undersea tunnels and to Shikoku by ferry service. Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo and Yokohama have subways.

In 1987, because of the huge accumulated debt² and labor problems, the JNR was privatized and divided into six passenger companies (the Japan Railways Group) and one freight company. The JR Group companies mainly deal with long-distance and regional passenger transportation. Seven private railway companies mainly operate commuter trains in the metropolitan areas. The ratio of transportation run by the JR Group and private companies is about 2:1.

Japan Freight Railway Company operates all freight service on the network previously owned by JNR. Japan Freight Railway Company owns its locomotives, rolling stock and stations, but leases track from the six passenger companies.

Nowadays, there are about 27,245 km of railway lines under operation in Japan. About 382 billion passengers and 22 billion tons of freight are carried by the railways annually.

 

Notes: ¹extension – ж/д ветка

²accumulated debt – накопившаяся задолжность

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. быстрая и эффективная перевозка грузов и пассажиров

2. основное средство сухопутного транспорта

3. перешли под управление государственной корпорации

4. узкоколейные железнодорожные линии

5. подвижной состав

6. пропускная способность японских железных дорог

7. паромная переправа

8. перевозка пассажиров на поездах дальнего следования и местного сообщения

9. крупный город с пригородом

10. арендовать рельсовый путь

 

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Do modern means of transport connect some parts of Japan and provide the fast, efficient transportation of people and goods?

2. Are railways the main means of sea transportation?

3. Was the first Japanese railway laid between Tokyo and Yokohama?

4. Did a rail network cover the two largest islands by 1930?

5. Were all private lines nationalized in 1906 and passed to a public corporation?

6. Did the carrying capacity of Japan's railways increase because of postwar population growth and economic development?

7. Do express trains make the 320-mile run from Tokyo to Osaka in less than three hours?

8. Were high-speed lines called Shinkansen built in the 19^th century?

9. Are the railways of Honshu linked to Hokkaido by ferry service?

10. Is the ratio of transportation run by the JR Group and private companies about 2:1?

 

ВАРИАНТ 4

 

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Egyptian National Railways

 

Egyptian National Railways (ENR) is the national railway company of Egypt.

As early as in 1833, Pasha Mohammad Ali consulted with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Suez and Cairo to facilitate freight and passenger transportation between Europe and India. The project was abandoned due to pressure by the French who had an interest in building a canal instead. The Suez Canal was completed in 1869. After Mohamed Ali’s death, Abbas I contracted with Robert Stephenson to link Alexandria and Cairo by rail. The first section of this railway between Alexandria and Kafer Eassa was opened in 1854, and the line was completed two years later. It was the first railroad in Africa and in the Middle East.

The Imbaba bridge was constructed in 1891 to allow trains to cross the Nile near Cairo. The modern Imbaba bridge was erected in 1924 and it is the only railway crossing of the Nile in Cairo. The El Ferdan Railway Bridge rebuilt in 2001 is the largest swing bridge in the world and crosses the Suez Canal.

In 2005, ENR operated 5,063 km of railways using standard gauge of 1,435 mm. Most of the rail network is focused on the densely populated area of Nile delta. Many lines radiate from Cairo. The majority of locomotives are diesel-driven. 63 km are electrified. ENR purchases locomotives and rail abroad but passenger carriages are built and refurbished in Egypt by the SEMAF company.

Cargo volume transported by ENR is about 12 million ton annually. ER is the backbone of passenger transportation in Egypt. 800 million passengers are carried annually. Air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1st and 2nd class carriages, while in non-air-conditioned trains, there are 2nd and 3rd class cars. Train fares in commuter trains and 3rd class passenger trains are kept low as a social service.

The Alexandria-Cairo-Luxor-Aswan link is served daily in both directions by air-conditioned sleeper trains of Abela Egypt. These trains are especially attractive to tourists who can spend the night on the train as it covers the stretch between Cairo and Luxor. A luxury express train also connects Cairo with Marsa Matruh.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. государственная железнодорожная компания

2. перевозка грузов и пассажиров

3. первый участок этой железной дороги

4. железнодорожный переезд

5. самый большой разводной мост

6. большая часть железнодорожной сети

7. густонаселённая территория

8. пригородные линии

9. плата за проезд в пассажирских поездах третьего класса

10. поезд-экспресс повышенной комфортности

 

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Is Egyptian National Railways the private railway company of Egypt?

2. Did Pasha Mohammad Ali consult with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Cairo and India in 1833?

3. Was the project of building a railway abandoned because the French wanted to build a canal instead?

4. Were Alexandria and Cairo connected by rail in 1854?

5. Does the El Ferdan Railway Bridge cross the Suez Canal?

6. Are there narrow-gauge railroads in Egypt?

7. Do many lines radiate from Cairo?

8. Are the vast majority of locomotives electric-driven?

9. Does ENR purchase carriages abroad?

10. Do air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1^st and 2^nd class carriages?

 

ВАРИАНТ 5

 

Упр. 1. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

Model: The train departs at 7 pm. Поезд отправляется в 7 часов вечера.

departs – Present Simple Active (to depart)

 

1. Moscow is a major transport junction: over 300 long-distance and 2,000 suburban trains depart from 10 Moscow railway terminals daily.

2. About 11% of the Konkan Railway (India) is laid down in tunnels. These tunnels are equipped with sensors to monitor air contamination, temperature and visibility.

3. The new powerful locomotive will be used for hauling heavy iron-ore trains.

4. AMTRAK provides foreign tourists with the railway tickets for 14, 21 and 60 days, which give them the right to go by any train, in any compartment and to change trains in any place and at any time.

5. All first carriages had three essential drawbacks: they were built of wood; they were heated with stoves, and they had an open platform at each end that was especially dangerous in case of an accident.

 

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

1. The first plans for constructing a new railway line along the west coast of India (to propose – Past Simple Passive) in 1880s, but they (not / to carry out – Past Simple Passive) because of financial and technical difficulties.

2. The distance between Boston and New York (to be – Present Simple Active) 230 miles; it (to take – Present Simple Active) the train 3 hours 15 minutes to cover it.

3. Refrigerated cars (to use – Present Simple Passive) for transporting perishable goods.

4. You (to catch – Future Indefinite Active) the last suburban train, if you (to hurry – Present Simple Active).

5. Tomas Bouch (to design and to build – Past Simple Active) the railway bridge on the Tay River in 1878. This bridge (to speak – Past Simple Passive) about as one of the wonders of the world.

 

Упр. 2. Оборот there + to be

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их.

1. Two or more locomotives are coupled to a train if the load is very heavy or if there are steep grades on the line.

2. There will be a scheduled train stop for 20 minutes at the next railway station.

3. On each car of the first underground trains, there was an attendant to operate the doors.

 

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму, и переведите их.

1. Nowadays, there tobe underground railways in 80 cities all over the world. (Present)

2. The gauge of most railways in Great Britain is now 4feet 8 ½ inches, but there to be the time when the gauge was not the same on all the railways. (Past)

3. There to be an extra commuter train tomorrow. (Future)

 

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Russian Railways

 

Russian Railways Joint-Stock Company (JSC) was founded in September 2003. It operates one of the largest transport systems in the world. The total length of railway track exceeds 85,500 km. 40% of railways are double-track and multi-track lines and about 50% are electrified. The railway network extends over 9 time zones. It links 85 of the 89 Russian regions and almost all the major cities. The Company provides passenger and freight transportation to 17 European and Asian countries. The rolling stock includes more than 19,000 locomotives and approximately 670,000 freight and passenger cars. JSC Russian Railways ranks fourth in the list of the "400 Largest Companies in Russia". It employs over 1.2 million people, or 2% of Russia's working population. In 2009, the Company's revenue amounted to about 655 billion rubles.

JSC Russian Railways is divided into various branches:

– 17 territorial railway companies;

– plants for the repair of passenger/freight cars and the manufacture of spare parts for rolling stock;

– scientific research institutes;

– construction entities.

The Company plays an important part in the Russian economy.

Railways handle a high proportion of passenger traffic in Russia. Whereas rail transport carries only 6% of passengers in Western Europe and about 1% in the U.S., in Russia the figure rises to 41%. Although people prefer using automobiles in this country, the railways dominate on medium- and long-distance journeys.

JSC Russian Railways is the largest carrierof all types of freight, excluding oil and gas transported by pipelines. The Company's share of the Russian transport market totals 88% (for comparison, 8% of freight is carried by rail in Europe and only 4% in the U.S). In terms of freight traffic intensity, Russia ranks second in the world, exceeded only by China.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. акционерная компания Российские Железные Дороги

2. общая протяжённость железнодорожных путей

3. двухпутные и многопутные линии

4. подвижной состав

5. занимает 4 место в списке

6. предприятия по ремонту пассажирских и грузовых вагонов

7. производство запасных частей

8. строительные организации

9. поездки на средние и дальние расстояния

10. по интенсивности грузоперевозок

 

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Was Russian Railways JSC founded in September 2003?

2. Does the total length of railway track exceed 85,500 miles?

3. Are all the railways electrified in Russia?

4. Did the Company's revenue amount to about 655 billion rubles in 2009?

5. Can passengers travel by rail to 17 European and Asian countries?

6. Do over 2 million people work for Russian Railways JSC?

7. Is JSC Russian Railways divided into various branches?

8. Are there plants for the repair of rolling stock in Russia?

9. Does the Company play an important part in the world economy?

10. Do people prefer using railways for medium- and long-distance journeys?

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

 

Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольной работы № 2, вам необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Личные формы глагола.Формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

2. Неличные формы глагола (Participle I, Participle II).

3. Модальные глаголы (can, may, must, should, need).

4. Порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях.

 

ВАРИАНТ 1

 

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need .

1. The Trans-Europe expresses are equipped with interurban telephones … 2. This equipment must be carried in boxcars because … 3. The tickets shouldn’t be thrown away … 4. You needn’t leave for the railway station so early, … 5. In Metro, when the passengers get on the escalator, they should stand on the right …

a) it requires protection against unfavorable weather conditions. b) so that people, who hurry, can run by on the left. c) I will give you a lift. d) through which the traveler can contact office or home. e) as inspectors may check them during the trip.

 

Упр. 3. Причастие I

Упр. 4. Причастие II

Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Eurostar

 

Eurostar is a high-speed passenger train operating from London to Paris and Brussels via the Channel Tunnel. It is run by a consortium of French railways (SNCF), Belgian railways (SNCB) and Eurostar UK Ltd. The train was launched in 1994. Eurostar covers the distance from London to Paris (about 307 miles) in 2 hours 15 minutes running at an average speed of 186 mph.

The service is operated by the eighteen-carriage trains consisting of 2^nd and 1^st class cars. Eurostar is completely non-smoking. Between autumn 2004 and autumn 2005 all Eurostars were refurbished with a new interior design.

In the 1^st class cars, the fare includes a hot 3-course meal and complimentary alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, all served at your seat. Two bar cars are at passengers’ disposal. They are located in cars 6 and 13 and serve tea, coffee, hot chocolate, beer, wine, sandwiches, crisps and hot snacks. The bar accepts credit cards as well as cash. You can eat and drink in the bar area (standing space only, there are no seats) or take your meal back to your seat.

All seats on Eurostar must be reserved in advance. If you book your ticket at www.eurostar.com, you can choose which seat in which car you want.

If you have small children, book seats in cars 1 or 18 (2^nd class). These cars are at each end of the train, so less people walk through them to the bar. These cars are divided into compartments of 4 seats (with or without a table, your choice), which are much better for families than face-to-back airline-style seating.

Children under 4 travel free on Eurostar. A special child fare applies to children from 4 to 11 inclusive. Children aged 12 and over travel at the adult fare. All children under 12 must travel accompanied by an adult.

Passengers cannot take dogs or other pets on Eurostar, except for guide dogs.

Unlike travelling by air, you don’t check in your bags when travelling by Eurostar. You keep them with you, placing small or medium size bags on the luggage racks above your head. Larger bags are placed on the big racks at the end of the coach. Also unlike air travel, there’s no weight limit. All bags taken onto Eurostar must have a label showing your name and surname.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1. поезд был пущен в эксплуатацию

2. проходит расстояние

3. поезда, состоящие из 18 вагонов первого и второго класса

4. в стоимость проезда входит обед из трёх блюд

5. к услугам пассажиров имеется два вагона буфета

6. бронировать заранее

7. вагоны разделены на 4-местные купе

8. должны ездить в сопровождении взрослого

9. сдавать вещи в багаж

10. багажные полки

 

(C) Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите.

1. Is Eurostar a high-speed passenger train operated by Eurostar UK Ltd?

2. How much time does it take the train to cover the distance from London to Paris?

3. Where are passengers allowed to smoke on Eurostar?

4. What is the difference between Eurostar's 2^nd and 1^st class cars?

5. What Web site can passengers visit to book train tickets?

6. Why should passengers traveling with small children book seats in cars 1 or 18?

7. Who can travel free on Eurostar?

8. What pets are passengers allowed to take on Eurostar?

9. Where is baggage placed on the coach?

10. Must passengers pay some extra money for their baggage if it is overweight?

 

ВАРИАНТ 2

 

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need .

1. A wagon must be cleaned before … 2. Stephenson's first steam locomotive could draw … 3. Passengers shouldn’t walk across the railway lines, … 4. Train tickets can be booked now through the Internet and via mobile phones, … 5.Electric train may be powered …

a) either by electric loco or by motor cars. b) though this method carries an additional surcharge. c) a small train of loaded cars at a speed of 13 mph. d) there is a footbridge at the end of the platform. e) it will be used for another run.

 

Упр. 3. Причастие I

Упр. 4. Причастие II

Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Blue Train

 

The famous Blue Train has run between Cape Town and Pretoria, South Africa, since 1939. The train derives its name from its blue locomotives, railroad cars and leather seats. It is still considered one of the most luxurious trains in the world. At present, it runs several times a month, covering the distance of 994 miles in 27 hours, including a sightseeing stop in each direction. The Blue Train is operated by the state-run Spoornet company. There are rumors that it will be sold to a private operator such as the Orient Express company. Details have not been confirmed.

The train is air-conditioned. For cold weather, additional heating is provided under the marble tiles of most bathrooms. Each suite has its own bathroom with shower or tub. There are two train sets; one takes up to 74 passengers, the other takes 82. Each train consists of nine Deluxe coaches and two luxury carriages.

In the Deluxe cars, there are four suites. One of the four suites has a bathroom with a tub while the other three have showers. All compartments contain two beds or one double bed as well as audio CD and DVD systems.

Luxury cars have three compartments. Each suite is equipped with a bathroom and shower. They have audio CD and DVD systems as well as large-screen plasma televisions.

In 1997, the train was upgraded to include interurban phones in all of its suites.

Meals are served in the 42-seat dinning car and include delicious African and continental cuisine. Breakfast can be served either in the compartment or in the dining car. Snacks and drinks can be served in the compartment at any time. Passengers can call the "butler" any time of day or night from the in-room phone.

Each Blue Train set has two classic lounges. High tea is served in the main lounge. The club lounge is the only area where smoking, including cigars, is allowed.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. один из самых комфортабельных поездов в мире

2. ходит несколько раз в месяц

3. остановка для осмотра достопримечательностей

4. в каждом купе имеется ванная комната

5. вагоны повышенной комфортности

6. поезд был модернизирован

7. блюда африканской и европейской кухни

8. либо в купе, либо в вагоне ресторане

9. комната для отдыха

10. ранний ужин с чаем

 

 

(С) Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите.

1. How many years has the famous Blue Train run between Cape Town and Pretoria?

2. What does the train derive its name from?

3. How fast does the Blue Train cover the distance of 994 miles?

4. How many sightseeing stops do trains make en route?

5. What company is the Blue Train operated by?

6. Does each Blue Train take up to 74 passengers?

7. How many carriages do these trains consist of?

8. Are all compartments in the Deluxe cars equipped with audio CD and DVD systems?

9. Can breakfast be served only in the dining car?

10. Where is smoking allowed?

 

ВАРИАНТ 3

 

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need .

1. Drivers of express and fast trains must have … 2. In Hungary, students with valid Student Card and children between the age of 6 and 14 … 3. Passengers should keep their tickets … 4. The new automated control system will eliminate all types of accidents, … 5. A railway spokesman said the freight train driver spotted the danger …

a) but couldn’t prevent the collision. b) till the end of the trip. c) which can be caused by the driver’s error. d) may get train tickets 50% cheaper. e) a rest after 3 hours of work.

 

Упр. 3. Причастие I

Упр. 4. Причастие II

Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

ВАРИАНТ 4

 

Упр. 1. Формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

Model: The train has already arrived at the station. Поезд уже прибыл на станцию.

has arrived – Present Perfect Active (to arrive)

 

1. Railway construction beganin China late in the 19^th century and by World War II, more than 25,000 km of track had been laid down mainly in the eastern and northeastern parts of the country.

2. Rush hour is a period at the beginning and end of the working day when large numbers of people are traveling to or from work.

3. Arizona has recently adopted the law, according to which the length of trains is limited to 14 passenger cars or 70 freight cars in the interests of safety.

4. The program of railway reforms is being carried out now in Russia. Under this program, suburban and regional passenger services will be financed from local budgets.

At the same time, the government has promised to fund inter-city passenger service.

 

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму, и переведите их.

1. The new American turbotrain (to cover – Present Perfect Active) a 230-mile distance between Boston and New York in 3 hours 15 minutes with four stops.

2. She (to tell – Past Simple Passive) in the enquiry office that the schedule of this commuter train (to change – Past Perfect Passive).

3. This railway line (to upgrade –Present Continuous Passive) to carry heavier volumes of freight and passenger traffic.

4. New models of lightweight carriages (to introduce – Present Perfect Passive) on the Japanese Railways. They (to consume – Present Simple Active) 50% less power than old models.

5. We (to arrive – Past Simple Active) at the railway station when the train (to approach – Past Continuous Active) the platform.

 

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need .

1. All trains must be regularly serviced, … 2. To prevent wooden sleepers from decay, … 3. Passengers may pay the subway fare with tokens or … 4. The experience of operating fast trains on the Moscow-St.Petersburg line … 5.Because electric locos can accelerate more rapidly, …

a) more trains can run on the same track. b) should be applied to other railways. c) so that passengers can be sure that they are traveling in safety. d) they may purchase a pass for a specific period of time. e) they must be treated with creosote.

 

Упр. 3. Причастие I

Упр. 4. Причастие II

Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Orient Express

 

The Orient Express is a luxury Trans-European passenger train running from Paris to Constantinople (now Istanbul) for more than 80 years. It covered a route of about 2,740 km that included brief stopovers in such cities as Munich, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

The Orient Express was built by the International Wagons-Lits (Sleeping Cars) Company founded by the Belgian businessman Georges Nagelmackers. The train made its inaugural run in 1883. During its first journey, the passengers traveled from Paris to the Bulgarian port of Varna by train and were then ferried by steamship across the Black Sea to Constantinople. By 1889, however, the entire trip was by rail. The journey time from Paris to Constantinople was just over 67 hours, as against more than 81 at the train's inauguration.

The Orient Express consisted of luxuriously furnished sleeping, restaurant and salon cars that housed smoking compartments and ladies' drawing rooms. With its Oriental rugs, velvet draperies, mahogany paneling, upholstered armchairs covered in Spanish leather, the Orient-Express was unmatched in luxuriousness and comfort. It was famous for its five course French meals as well as for its passengers, who were the elite of Europe's society, including royalty, diplomats or government officials. The glamour of the train also caught the imagination of numerous writers, among them Graham Greene and Agatha Christie, whose works helped to make it world-famous.

Its service was stopped by World War I but resumed in 1919, with the route running from Paris to Lausanne, then via the Simplon Tunnel to Milan, Venice, Belgrade and Sofia. The train was then called the Simplon–Orient-Express.

After 1945, the train lost their prestige. The luxurious Wagons-Lits cars were replaced by ordinary coaches. Though the Orient Express name survived, the train had little resemblance to the original. However, the 1930s style has been fully recreated by an American businessman, James Sherwood. In the late 1970s, he bought pre-war Wagons-Lits sleeping cars and restored them to their original state. Since 1982, the privately owned Venice-Simplon-Orient Express luxury train has run from London to Venice.

 

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. пассажирский поезд повышенной комфортности

2. короткая остановка в пути следования

3. первый рейс

4. перевозить на пароходе через Чёрное море

5. время в пути

6. мягкие кресла, обитые кожей

7. не имел себе равных по роскоши и комфорту

8. обеды из пяти блюд французской кухни

9. спальные вагоны повышенной комфортности заменили на обычные вагоны

10. купил спальные вагоны довоенной постройки и реставрировал их

 

(С) Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите.

1. How many years did the Orient Express run from Paris to Constantinople?

2. What company were sleeping cars for the Orient Express built by?

3. When was the train launched?

4. Did the passengers travel all the way from Paris to Constantinople by train during its first run?

5. How many hours did it take the train to cover a route of about 2,740 km?

6. What cars did the Orient Express consist of?

7. What did salon cars house?

8. What was the train famous for?

9. When did the Orient Express lose its prestige?

10. What was done by an American businessman, James Sherwood to return to the Orient Express its good reputation?

 

ВАРИАНТ 5

 

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need .

1. On the first railways, accidents happened very often because … 2. Due to the growth of train loads and speeds, … 3. In Hungary, children under 6 years and seniors over 65 years from EU countries … 4. The double-track railways are more convenient than single-track lines as … 5. Passengers should check their tickets after purchase …

a) the stability of the track must be constantly improved. b) to be sure that it is the correct ticket. c) the trains needn’t wait for the other trains to pass. d) the trains couldn’t stop quickly due to the limited brake power. e) may travel by rail without charge.

 

Упр. 3. Причастие I

Упр. 4. Причастие II

Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

 

Приложение

 

Часть 1

 

Active Voice

1. A dispatcher controls the movement of trains over a definite section of the track.

2. The 12.15 shuttle train to Atlanta will depart from platform seven.

3. The railways play decisive role in the transportation of freight.

4. I got off the train at the wrong station.

5. At the large railway stations, porters use electric baggage trolleys.

6. The Japanese bullet train covers the 192km distance between Hiroshima and Kokura in only 44 minutes.

7. Before 1895, only steam-driven locomotives operated on US railroads.

8. This railway operator will transport freight only.

9. The train arrived at the station on schedule.

10