Acute and chronic heart failure: main clinical and instrumental diagnostics methods. Acute and chronic vascular insufficiency (syncope, collapse, shock).

1. What are the main causes of heart failure?

2. Classification of heart failure.

3. Principle of the stage classification of chronic heart failure.

4. What are the main clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure?

5. What are the main clinical manifestations of acute left ventricular heart failure?

6. Name the basic principles of emergency aid of acute heart failure (pulmonary edema, cardiac asthma).

7. What are main clinical manifestations of acute right ventricular failure?

8. What are the main types of acute circulatory failure?

9. What are the main clinical manifestations of acute circulatory failure (fainting, collapse, shock)?

10. Name the basic principles of emergency aid in syncope.

Theme № 21

The basic clinical symptoms and syndromes of the patients with heart defects. Physical and instrumental methods of the mitral and aortal heart defects diagnostics.

1. Describe the structure of a heart valves.

2. Describe the normal heart hemodynamics.

3. Describe the hemodynamic changes for mitral stenosis.

4. What are the physical and instrumental methods data for mitral stenosis?

5. Describe the hemodynamic changes for the mitral regurgitation.

6. What are the physical and instrumental methods data for mitral regurgitation?

7. Describe the hemodynamic changes for aortic regurgitation.

8. What are the physical and instrumental methods data for aortic regurgitation?

9. Describe the hemodynamic changes for aortic stenosis.

10. What are the physical and instrumental methods data for aortic stenosis?

 

Theme № 22

The basic clinical symptoms and syndromes of the patients with ischemic heart diseases: (stenocardia and myocardial infarction). Clinical and instrumental diagnostics. Clinical symptoms and syndromes of the patients with essential hypertension.

CP: Principles of the syndromic diagnosis of the heart diseases.

1. What are the causes of coronary heart disease?

2. What are the main clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris and myocardial infarction)?

3. What ECG signs of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction?

4. What are the principles of emergency care at an attack of angina and myocardial infarction?

5. What are the regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure?

6. What are the clinical manifestations of arterial hypertension?

7. What are the instrumental methods data for arterial hypertension?

8. What kind of condition is called hypertensive crisis? What are the features of the clinical manifestations of hypertensive crisis?

9. CP: Demonstrate the technique of cardiac percussion and auscultation. What is the importance of physical examination methods in the syndromic diagnosis of heart disease?

Theme № 23

The basic symptoms and syndromes of the stomach and intestines diseases: abdominal pain, gastric hyper- and hyposecretion, stomach evacuation disturbance, bleeding, dyspepsia, absorption disturbance, irritative bowel syndrome, intestinal colic. Diagnosis principles.

1. What are the main functions of the gastrointestinal tract?

2. Give characteristic of abdominal pain and order of diagnosis.

3. What are the main symptoms of gastric dyspepsia?

4. Name the signs of food evacuation disturbances from the stomach.

5. What are the main clinical signs of gastric hyper- and hypo-secretion?

6. The differential diagnosis of GIT bleeding on base of clinical and laboratory results.

7. What are the main clinical features of a patient with irritable bowel syndrome?

8. Name the causes and symptoms of intestinal colic.

9. Describe the malabsorption syndrome.

10. Basic methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of gastric and intestinal diseases.

Theme № 24

Clinical and laboratory syndromes of the liver diseases: inflammation, cholestasis, cholemia, hepato-lienal, portal hypertension, hepatic failure, jaundice. Diagnosis principles of the liver diseases.