CP: Physical methods examination of the patients with lung and heart diseases.

1. What are the main complaints of the patients with diseases of the respiratory system and their diagnostic value?

2. The methodology and diagnostic value of the vocal fremitus examination.

3. Procedure and diagnostic value of the comparative lung percussion

4. Procedure and diagnostic value of the topographic lung percussion.

5. Procedure and diagnostic value of the lung auscultation.

6. Name the complaints typical for heart disease.

7. Determine the borders of relative and absolute cardiac dullness and vascular bundle, give a clinical assessment.

Topic № 2

Auscultation of organic heart murmurs. Functional heart murmurs and their difference from organic murmurs.

1. Name the order of the heart auscultation.

2. What are the main criteria that we define when conducting auscultation of the heart?

3. What pathological changes can occur with the first heart sound at the heart apex and why?

4. What pathological changes can occur with a second heart sound and why?

1. What is called heart murmurs? The mechanism their formation.

2. How the heart murmurs may be classified?

3. What kinds of murmurs are called functional?

4. What kinds of murmurs are called organic?

5. What is the difference between organic and functional murmurs?

6. Where and when are heard organic systolic murmurs?

7. Where and when are heard organic diastolic murmurs?

8. Where and when are heard systolic function murmurs?

9. Where and when are heard diastolic function murmurs?

Topic № 3

Extracardiac murmurs. Auscultation of the vessels: carotid, abdominal and femoral arteries, jugular vein.

1. What are the extracardiac murmurs?

2. Why and where may be heard pleura-pericardiac murmur?

3. Why and where may be heard pericardial friction murmur?

4. Where is carotid artery auscultated? Name its diagnostic value.

5. Where is abdominal aorta auscultated? Name its diagnostic value.

6. Where is renal arteries auscultated? Name its diagnostic value.

7. Where is femoral artery auscultated? Name its diagnostic value.

8. Where is jugular vein auscultated? Name its diagnostic value.

Topic № 4

Methodic of ECG recording and interpretation. Main ECG elements and their diagnostic value.

1. What is electrocardiography and its value in clinical practice?

2. What are the main functions of the heart?

3. Structure and function of the cardiac conduction system.

4. Biophysical basics of ECG.

5. Rules of ECG registration.

6. What leads are registrated on the ECG?

7. What kind of leads are called as standard, unipolar, chest? What areas of the heart they do describe?

8. What are the main elements of the ECG and their diagnostic value?

9. Give the cardiac rhythm characteristic?

10. How can be calculated heart rate? Name its diagnostic value.

11. How many positions of the electrical axis of the heart do you know? How to define physiological or pathological position of the electrical axis of the heart?

12. The diagnostic value of PQ, QRS and QRST intervals.

13. The diagnostic value of P, Q, R, S, and T waves.

14. The diagnostic value of ST segment.

15. Name the order ECG final form.

Topic № 5

Heart arrhythmias: clinical and ECG diagnostics of sinus arrhythmia, extrasystole, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial and ventricular flatter and fibrillation.

1. What arrhythmias can be detected by ECG?

2. Clinical and ECG diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia (sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia).

3. Clinical and ECG diagnosis of extrasystoles (atrial, nodal, ventricular).

4. Clinical and ECG diagnosis of paroxysmal tachycardia.

5. The principles of first aid in an attack of paroxysmal tachycardia.

6. Clinical and ECG diagnosis of atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter.

Topic № 6