U, nooo6HO OpyzUM 8U006blM npU3HQKa.M, nepeoaemCR no HQC/leOCmBy.

IlaToreHHhie MHKpoopraHH3Mbl npOH30IllJ1H OT canpocpHTOB B npo­ uecce MHTeJlI,HOH 3B0JllOUHH H rrp1106pem1 crroco6HOCTh K rrapa3HTH3M)' BHYTPH MaKpoopraHH3Ma. Otttt 11crronh3YIOT.n:m1 o6ecrreqeHH.sI csoeH

)l<J,f3He)le.sITeJTbHOCTH roTOBbie MeTa6oJIHThI H.upyrwe BemecTBa X03.sIHHa.

 

 

35

 

O.U.H OBpeMeHHO 0Ka3anacb CHH)l<eHHOH B TOH mm HHOH CTerreHH crroco6- HOCTh K He3aBHCHMOM)' cymecTBOBamuo (BIIJlOTh,llO ero TIOJTHOH ITOTep M). TioHH3RJiaCh HJlH 6hIJTa yTpaqeHHOH cpepMeHTaTifBHaSI aKTMBHOCTb, crroco6- H0CTh K Bhipa6oTKe 3HepnIM (cnoco6HOCTh K CHHTe3y KocpepMeHTa HA.D:

HJTH AT<l>), yrpaqeHbl HeK0TOpbie 3BeHhSI M eTa6 om f3Ma.

 

Ilo cmenenu u xapaKmepy napa:Jumu3Ma pll3llu11a10m:

- 06m.12am11bze fJHympu1<Jlemo'lHbze napmumbl - 3T0 MHKpooprattmMbl, JlJUI KOTOpbIX e,n:HHCTBeHHOH cpe.u.oii o6nTamrn SIBJrneTCSI onpe,n:eJTeHHbIH X03.SIMH. Ta1rne cpopMbI He crroco6Hbl paCTH Ha IlHTaTeJihHblX cpe,n:ax (BH­ pychI, pHKKeTCHH,  xnaMH,D,HH, HeK0TOphie BH,ll.hl 6aKTepHH).

- <PaK)'JlbmamUBHble BHympuKllemo'lHble napa3Umbl IT0MHMO opra­

HH3Ma X03.SIHHa M0ryT l(HPKYJTHpoBaTh BO BHeUIHeH cpe,D.e. OHH MoryT IcyJlbTHBHpOBaThCSI Ha ITHTaTeJibHI,JX cpe,D.ax (ry6epicyJie3Hbie MHK06aKTe­ pHH, r oHOKOKKH, MeHHHrOK0KKH, HeK0TOpbie canhMOHe.'IJihI, umreJIJlhI H JJ.pyrne).

- CllYlJGUHble napmumbl - 3TO MHKp o o p r aHH3Mhl,,D.mI KOTOpbIX ec ­

TeCTBeHHOH cpe,n:oiI o6HTaHH.SI HBJI.SleTCR OKpy)KalOmaH cpe,n:a. TIUIWIHhIMH npe,u.CTaBHTeJT.SIMH.SIBJTSIIOTCR B036y,nHTeJTH ca.'1pOH03HblX HH<peKUHH, TaKHe

KaK nerHoHeJIJibl, ilepCHHHH H.n.p.

C ueJiblO coxpaHeHHR naToreHHOro MHKpoopraHH3Ma, KaK 6HOJTOr H­ qecKoro BH,n:a,,llJIR Hero.,)l<H3HeHHO Heo6XO)J.HMO npoHHKaTb B opraHH3M H

Bbl3bIBaTb HHcpeKUHOHHbIH rrpouecc, rrepeXO,lJ..SI OT O,lJ,HOro X03jJHHa K.ll.PY­ roM)'. B npoMe)KyTKax 60JihlllHHCTBO naToreHHhIX MHKpo6oB  cnoco6Hbl

KpaTKocpoqHo HJIH)J.JIHTeJTbH0 coxpaIDITI,CR BO BHelllHeH cpe.u.e, BKmoqaR nepeHocqHKOB-qJieHHCTOHOrmc

.ll:nH ycnOBHo-naToreHHblX MHKpoopraHH3MOB - cnoco6HOCTb BhI3bl­ BaTh HHCpeKUHOHHbIH npouecc HeRBJTReTCSI 06g3aTeJTbHJ,IM H He Tpe6yeTCH AA.SI coxpaHeHHR BH,ll.a.

Ycll06HO-namo2eH1-tble MUKpoop2aHU3Mbl HaXO,ll.SITC.SI B OKpy)KaJOmeH

cpe.ne, Ha rrosepxHOCTH Tena qeJIOBeKa H)KHBOTHblX. MHO!"He J,13 HHX SIBJI.SI­ JOTC.SI npe,D.CTaBHTeJIHMH HOpManhHOH MMKpocpnopbl MaKpo op r aHH3Ma.

YcJIOBHO-ITaToreHHbie MHKpoopraHH3Mbl cnoco6Hbl Bbl3bIBaTb MH<peK­

UHOHHbIH npouecc, nonaB B 6oJTblllOH,n:03e B opraHH3M co CHH)KeHHhIMM 3amHTHblMH CBOHCTBaMH. JTH MHKpoopraHH3MhI MOryT npomtKHyTh B opraHH3M qepe3 nospe)l<,ll.eHHYJO KO)!()' Ii CJTH3HCTble HJTH S!TporeHHO -

 

36

 

BO BpeM1! pa3JIHqHhlX Me)J,H[(HHCKHX Mammynm.(HH (npH He co6moJJ,eHHH CTepHJihHOCTH). B 3TOM cnyqae pa3BHBaeTCR 3K30reHHa1! HHcpeK[(JUI. Ho qau.(e ycnoBHO-naToreHHhle MHKpoopraHH3Mh[ BhI3hIBaIOT 3HJJ,oreHH)'lO HJIH ayTOHH<peK[J:HIO, nocJie.Ll,HJOIO - npH YCJIOBHH 3aHoca npe.Ll,CTaBHTeJleH HOpMO<pJIOphI B 6oJihl.IIOM KOJIH'IeCTBe B HeCBOHCTBeHHhie HM 6HOTOIThl

Hhurn CHmKemrn pe3HCTeHTHOCTH opraHH3Ma.

Canpoqmmbl He 0611a,n:aIOT cnoco6HOCThIO Bhl3hIBaTh HHcpeK[(HOHHOe 3a6onesattwe (He o6na,uaJOT naTOreHHOCThlO). Onu o6HTaIOT Ha a6HoreHHbIX

06I,e1<Tax BHeurnett cpe,n:1,1 (ITO'IBa, B0)],a H JJ,p.), rrnTaHCb opraHHt.JeCKHMM cy6cTpaTaMH, '-ITO CBOHCTBeHHO canpoqmTaM. J1CI<JilOt.JeHHe COCTaBJIHfOT ynoMHH)'Thle BbII.IIe cnyqaHHhie rrapa3HTbl (canpoH03bI), K0T0pble.sIBJl.stlOTC.st canpocpMTaMH, HO TeM He Mettee, nonaB B opraHH3M qeJI0BeKa HJIH)KffBOT­ HbIX, npu CO0TBeTCTByrotnHX ycJIOBIDlX, cnoco6Hhl BI,l3bIBaTh canp0H03Hbie HH<peK[.(HH

 

Bupyllenmnocmb. ITonym1n11.st naTorettttoro MHKpo6ttoro BH.U:a rerepo­ re1-rna no n p o.srnn en mo naToreHHOCTH y pa3HhIX UITaMMOB, BX0)],5111\ID(B 3TOT BH)J,. ITo:.ffOMY BBe;:(eH0 TI0H.stTHe MepbI nrrroreHHOCTH - BHpyneHTHOCTb.

Bupyllenmnocmb-cmenenb namozennocmu 1<0H1<pem11020 mma.M­

-«a (ezo unoueuoyaJ1bflblU np113ua1<) ona tten.oee1<a _UJlU onpeoeneunozo suoa:HCueomH.blX npu onpeoen.e11ub1x yCJ1oeuax. 3mo q,euomunuttec1<oe npoaeJ1euue zenomuna.

TaKHM o6pa30M, HH<peK.l.(HOHHbIH npor.i:ecc M0ryT Bhl3hIBaTI, rrp:irna­

)J,Jle)l(amHe K rraToreHH0MY Bff.ll:Y lIITaMMbl MHKpoopraHH3MOB, o6na,uaIOmHe BHpyneHTH0CTblO. 3TH I.IITaMMbJ 61,rnaIOT BbICOI<O-, yMepeHHO-, cna60BHpy­ JieHTHbJMH H JJ,a)l(e aBHpyneHTHbIMH. OT CTerreirn BHpyneHTHOCTH UITaMMOB 3aBHCHT HX crroco6HOCTb BbI3bIBaTb:irnq>eK[.(HOHHbie 3a6oneBaHH.st pa3JIH'I­ HOH CTeneHH T.st)l(eCTH, BilJIOTb)J,O CMepTeJihHOro HCX0)J,OB.

BttpyneHTHOCTb orrpe;:,;en.steTC.sI Ha 3KcnepHMeHTaJlbHhIX)l(HB0THhIX H M3MepHeTC.sI B crre[(MaJibHbIX eJJ,MHHI.(ax:

- DLM (dosis letalis minima) - MHHHMaJibHaH neTaJihHaH JJ,o3a BhI-

31,rnaeT ru6em, 95% 3KcrrepuMeHTaJibHbIX)KHB0THblX B CTaHJJ,apTHblX ycJI0BIHIX.

- DL50 (dosis letalis 50%) - 50% neTaJibHa.sI JJ,03a, oT KOTopou ru6H)'T

50% B3.stTI,IX B 0TII,IT)KHB0THblX (ctrnTaeTC.sI ttau6onee TO'{HOH);

- DCL (dos is certa letalis)- a6comoTHo nernn1,Hasi JJ,03a, s1,131,1saIOmasi rH6eJib 100% 3KCnepHMeHTaJihHbIX)KffBOTHhIX B CTaH,n:apTHblX ycnoBHSIX.

 

37

 

Mcnom,3yeT TaJOI<e ID50 - 50% HH<pHLIRPYIOll.lrur,IJ,03a, KOToprui Bhl3hI­ BaeT HHQ)CKUHOHHOe 3a60JieBam-1e y ITOJIOBHHbl B3.s!TbTX B OITbIT)l(HBOTHbIX.