UucI,eKUH.H H HHcl,eKQHOHHblH npoQecc 


Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!



ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?

UucI,eKUH.H H HHcl,eKQHOHHblH npoQecc



Hn,Pe,.-u,ll.Jl- 311W C060KJJnHOCmb 6UOJlOlU'leC«.UX npou.eccoo, npo­ UCXOORU(UX 6 Ma«.poopzanu3Me npu oueopenuu 6 new namozeHHbtx, a 6 onpeOe.!leHHblX ycll06ll.JlX, U YCll06HO-namozeHHblX MU«.poopzaHU3M06 (npo«.apuomoo,zpu6oo), He:JaoucuMo om mow, noolle'lem 3mo aneopenue

:ia co6ou pa:Joumue nonow UJlU c«.pb1mozo namoJ1ozu1Jec«ozo npou_ecca UJlU OHO ozpaHUI/UmCR 11Wllb1<.0 6pe.MeHHblM HOCUftleJlbCffl60M UJlU OllU­ mertbHOU nepcucmenu_ueu oo:16youmeJ1R.

33


 

TipH BHe)].peHHH B MaKpoopraHH3M npocTeHIIIHX mrn reJU,MHHTOB npHHSITO roBopHTb 06 HHBa3HH.

 

HmJ,e«u,uoHHblU npou,ecc - ucmopur1ec1<u CJlO:JICUBUleeca e3aUMo­ i>eucmBue BocnpuUMIIUBozo MaKpoopzaHu3Ma, B 11acm11ocmu 11e:10Be«a, u namozennow (Ullu yCJ10B110-namoze1111ozo) MU«poopzaHU3Ma B onpe­ i>ene11111,,x yc110BUJ1X 6HeU111eu u cou,ua.r,1,nou cpeo1,1.

C 6HoJ1orn:qecKOH TOqKJ,I 3peHHH HHQ)eKIJJiOHHbIH npouecc HBJlHeTCJI

pa3HOBHJlHOCTblO napa3HTH3Ma, TaK KaK B 6opb6y BczynaIOT)].Ba)KHBbIX opraHH3Ma (,n:Be caMOCTOHTeJibHble 6HOCHCTeMbI), KIDl<,ll.blH H3 KOTOpbIX 06- Jla,llaeT co6CTBeHHOH 6HOJlorwqecKOH aKTHBHOCTblO. OH M0)KeT pa3BHBaTbCSI (npoHBJISITbCH) Ha Bcex ypoBH.SIX 6HOJIOfHqecKOH CHCTeMbl opram-13Ma - cy6MOJ1eKyn.si:pHOM, cy6KJ1eToqHoM, KJleT0'lH0M, TKaHeBOM, opraHH0M, opraHH3MeHH0M.

B3aHMO)].eHCTBHe HH!peKUHOHHOro areHTa H MaKpoopraHH3Ma He

o6H3aTeJ1I,HO IIpHB0)].HT K HH<peKIJ;HOHHOMY npou;eccy.

HttcpeKl.(HOHHa.si: 6011e3Hb npe,llcTaBJI.sieT co6oii 1<pai1:mo10 cTeneHb pa3- BHTIDI HH<peKUHOHHOfO npouecca. Bo3MO)Kff0CTb ero pa3BlITIDI o6ycJIOBJleHa CBOHCTBaMH H KOJlH'leCTBOM MHKpoopraHH3Ma-B036y,llHTeJ1.si:; CTeneHblO B0CilpHHMqHBOCTH MaKpoopraHH3Ma-X03JIHHa; ycJIOBH.sIMH OKpy)l(alOmett

cpe.llLI.

1. Mu«poopzaHU3M (Bo36y.D.HTeJib, narnrett).D.OJDKeH 0611a)].aTb cnoco6ttocTblO npoHHKaTb qepe3 6X001lble Bopoma unpeKlJUU (TKaHH co CHIDKeHHOH qm3HOJ10rnqecKOH 3ainHTOM npoTHB)].aHHOro B036y,nHTeJ1.sI),

a,llfe3HpoBaTb H KOJIOHH3Hp0BaTb qyBCTBHTeJILHblC KJleTKH H, KaK npaBHJI0, npoHHKaTb BO BHyTµeHHIOlO cpeey MaKpoopraHH3Ma. Pa3MHO)KHBIIIHCb B

.llOCTaTO'lHOM KOJIH'leCTBe, Bbl3bIBaTh naTOJIOrH'leCKHe peaKIJ;HH B opramf3- Me X03HHHa CBOHMH npo.llyKTaMH MeTa6oJIH3Ma H, oco6eHHO, TOKCHHaMH. HMeeT 6om,rnoe 3HaqeHHe KOJIHqecTBO nonaBIIIHX B MaKpoopraHH3M

MHKpo6os, KOTOpoe,uom1rno 6LITb He HH)Ke U1l<jJU1JUPY10U/et, 003bl, TO ecTb

MHHHMaJibHOro KOJlR1-leCTBa MHKpo6HblX KJieT0K, cnoco6HhIX Bbl3BaTh J).aHHylO HH<peKu;HJO..}1JUI ycnoBHo-naTOfeHHblX MHKpoopraHH3MOB 3TO KOJIHqecTBO.llOJDKHO 6!,ITh 3HaqHTeJII,HO 6om,rne.

2. BocnpUUM'IU80Cmb MaKpoopzaHU3Ma 3aBHCHT OT COCTOSIHH.sl ero

3ainHTHbIX MeXaHH3MOB - cpaKTopos spmKJ).eHHoro H a,llaTITHBHOfO HMMY­ HHTeTa. EcJIH 3ainHTHble CHCTeMbl aKTHBHO cpyHKUHOHHpyIOT H cnoco6Hbl IIpOTHB0CTOHTb HHqmu;npyK>meMy arettzy, HHQ)eKUHOHHblH npou;ecc MO)l(eT

 

34


 

He pa3BITThCH I1 orpaHH'UIThC.sI 6ecCI1MTITOMHbIM MHKpo60HOCHTeJibCTBOM HJIH a6opn-IBHOH HmpeKUHeH. CTpH HaJIHqHH BbICOKOH BOCilpHH HBOCTH

MaKpoopraHH3Ma o6bI'IHO pa38HBaeTC,}I HHcpeKUHOI-IHOe 3a6oneBaHHe pa3- Jrn:qHOH CTerreHH TH)l<eCTH, qacTO C THrrnqHhIMH KJlHHifqeCKHMH CMMTITO­ MaMH (MaHmpeCTHa.sI HH<peK I.I,H.sI). Hcxo.u 3a6oneBaHirn BO MHOroM 3aBHCHT OT cnoco6HOCTH HMMYHHOH CHCTeMhl opraHH3Ma K C03,UaHmo)lOCTaToqHo Hanp.sI)l<eI-moro a,namHBHOro HMMYHHTeTa, HarrpaBJTeHHOro Ha YHHqTO)Ke­

HHe B0 36 y.unTeJ1.sI.

3. YCR06UH o«py:m:a10w,eu cpeObl, BKmoqru1 COUHaJlhHhie, BJlH.sIIOT Ha

pa3BHTHe HH<peKI.I,HOHHOro npouecca orrocpe,noBaHHO, OKa3hlBa.sI pa3J1Ifqffble B03,UeHCTBH.sI Ha MHKpo- H MaKpoopraHH3Mhl, TeM caMhIM crroco6cTBY.sI mrn rrperr.sITCTBYH B03HHKHOBemno, pa3BIITHJO H pacnpocTpaHeHHIO HHcpeKUHH. TaKHMH ycnOBH.sIMH.sIBJl.sIIOTC.sI: reorpaqm:qecKoe ITOJlO)K eHH e, KJlHMaT, ce- 30 HH OCTh, 3KOJ10rJf.sI OKpy)l<aJOmetl: cpe.Ubl (CTerreHh 3arp.sI3HeHHOCTH 803-

.uyxa, BO,!l.hl H noqBhl), ycnoBH.sI)KH3HH (caHHTapHbie,)l(HJlMIUHhie, xapaKTep flHTaHH.sI), 3KCTpeMaJibHhJe CHTyaU,HH (CTHXHHHble 6e,ucTBH.sI, KaTaCTpOcphI H.n:pyrne), Be.uymHe K MHrpaUHH HaceneHH.sI, ceyqeHHOCTH, CHIDKeHHIO

ypOBI-rn:>KH3HH.

IIpnMe'larrne: B.n:aHHOM pa3.nene npenMymecTBeHHo paccMaT­

pHBaIOTC.sI 3aKOHOMepHOCTH HHcpeKI.I,HOHHOro npouecca, Bbl3bIBaeMoro rrpoKapHOTaMH.

 

 

2. CBOHCTBa MHKpoopraHHJMOB - B016y.LlHTCJICH HHCj>eKQHH:



Поделиться:


Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2021-09-26; просмотров: 39; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 18.188.66.13 (0.005 с.)