KaqecTBeHHhIH H KOJJHqecTBeHHhIH COCTaB HOpMaJibHOH MHKpotJ)JIOpbl

Pa3Hhie o6JiaCTH Tena qeJIOBeKa (6HOTOilh1) HMelOT xapaKTepHyI-O

MHKpocpnopy, OTJIHqaromy1-0csi no CBOeMy Ka<JeCTBeHHOMY H KOJIHlJe­ CTBeHHOMY COCTaBy, lJTO 3aBHCHT OT HX 8H8TOMo-qrn3HOJIOI'H'-IeCKHX

oco6eHHOCTeM. B Te'-leHHe)KH3HH MHKpocpnopa OT)leJihHOro 6HOTona npeTepneBaeT H3MeHeHHH, CB'13aHHhie C TTOJJOM, B03paCTOM H o6mHM  co­

CT0'1HHeM opraHM3Ma.

 

Aaue.

TipH 1ny'-leHHH MHKpoqmop1,1 opraHH3Ma qeJIOBeKa 38TIOJIHHTI,

Ta6nuuy 1.

Ta6mm,a I

Ka11ecmBeHHblU cocmaB MU1<poqmopb1 opzaHU3Ma 11eJ106e1<a

&uomon	HnouzeHHtlll Mu«po,jJ11opa
KollCa
IlHmeeapHTeJlbHblH TpaKT: ITonocn. pTa )Keny.noK ToHKHH KHl!IC'IHHK TOJICT!,JH KHllIC'IHHI<
PeCHffPaTOpHblii TpaKT: HOCOBble XO,!lbl, HOCOrJIOTKa
YporeBHTaJlbHblii TpaKT: Yperpa Bnaranmue

Mu1<potjlllopa KOJICU. HopMaJihHax MHKpocpnopa KO)l(H JIOKaJIH30BaHa npenMylll,eCTBeHHO B TOJIW,e 3IlH)lepMHCa, B BOJIOC'1HhIX cpOJIJIHKYJiax H B HaH60JII,UieM KOJIH'-leCTBe - B CaJII,HI,IX)J<eJie3aX. Ha nosepXHOCTH KO)KH

npeo6na)laeT TpaH3HTOpHa'1 cpnopa, KOTOpaJI qacTH:'-lHO norn6ae-r 6naro)lap,i 6aKTepHUH;::(HhIM CBOHCTBaM KO)KH H JierKO YJlaJISieTC'1 npH CJIYlll,HB8HHH

QT)KHBUiero 3IlHTeJJmI H BO;::(HI,IX npoueJlypax. MuKpocpnopa pa3JIH'iHhIX 6noronoB HMeeT OTJIHqnsi.

 

 

8

 

OcHOBHble 1-f HreHHbie npe,z:i:cTaBl-fTeJIH MHKpoqmopbl - ITaJIOtfKH rpaMITOJIO)l(JITeJibHbie 1-f rpaMorpm..:{aTeJ1bHb1e, He o6pa3yJOIUl-fe cnop, KaK a3po6Hbie, TaK 1-f amnpo6Hbie (po,z:i:bI Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Propionibacterium), cnopoo6pa3yroIUl-fe a3po6Hbie nanotfKH (po.z:i: Bacillus), rpaMTIOJIO)l(IITeJlbHbie K0KKH (CTaqmJIOKOKI<H, npe)K.ll:e Bcero 3ITH,z:i:epMaJib­ Hbie, H MHKpOI<OI<KH).

A3po6Hbie 1<opHHe4JopMHb1e 6aKTep1rn po.z:i:a Corynebacterium 06- Hap}')Kl-lBaIOTc.sr B KO)l(HblX CKJla.D:KaX - B IIOJJ:MbIIIIe'IHbIX BIIa,!J;HHaX H npo­

Me)l(HOCTH, r.z:i:e HMeeTCH IIOBbillieHHaH BJia)l(HOCTb. IIpe,ncTaBHTeJIH po.na Brevibacterium (2-Hpo,n a3po6HbIX KopHHeqJopMHbIX 6aKTepHH) qame scero BCTpetJaIOTCH Ha cronax Hor. Staphylococcus epidermidis H Staphylococcus capitis npeo6na,z:i:aIOT Ha BOJIOCHCTOH qacTH KO)l(H roJIOBbl.

AHa3po6Hbie npoIIHOHH6aKTepHH tJaCTO BCTpe'IaIOTCH Ha KpbIJibJIX Hoca H,npyrHX yqacTI<ax JIHJ:.:{a, Ha KO)l(e CTIHHbl (B CaJibHbIX)l(eJie3aX). Ha

<poHe ropMOHaJibHOH nepecTpOHKH Propionibacterium acnes HrpaIOT 3Ha­ 'IHTeJibffYIO poJib B TIOHBJieHHH JOHOIIIeCKHX acne vulgaris.

 

3ai.auue: PaccMoTpeTb qamI<H IleTpH c noceBaMH c K0)l(H nan:bu;es PYK czy,z:i:eHTOB, cpaBHHTb Bblp0CWl-fe K0JIOHHH, c,z:i:eJiaTb Ma3KH H 0I<pacHTb UX no rpaMy, MHI<pOCKOilHpOBaTb, pe3yJihTaTbl 3armcaTb H 3apHC0BaTb B rn6nHUy 2.

O6paTHTb BHHMaHJ{e, tfT0 Ha HeMblTbIX IlaJihu;ax npeo6na,z:i:aeT TpaH- 3HTOpHM MHKpo<pnopa, a Ha MbITbIX - H HreHHaH.

Mu1<.poqmopa 1<.omu nan.bl(e6 py1<.

Ta6mm:a2

 

 

.N'!!N2	OIIHcaHHe	MHKponpenapaT,	ITpe.nnonaraeMMii	Ilpe.!ICTIIBIITCflb
KOflOHIIH	KOflOHHH	0KpaweHHblH no fpaM)' -	MHKpoopraHlf3M	HH,!llfrCHHOH Hnlf
		33pHC0BaTb		Tp3H3HTOpHOH
				MlfKPotbnopbl

 

9

 

Mu1<poqmopa pecnupamopHozo mpa1<ma. HopMa.JTbHa.11 MHKpocpnopa

)],bIXaTeJibH0ro TpaKTa cocpe)],0T0ti:etta B H0C0rJI0TKe. fopTaHb (mrn<e Ha)],­ ropTaHHHKa), Tpaxe.11, 6ponxH HneroqHbie a.JTbBe0JibI 3,n:opoaoro 1.ferroaeKa, KaK npaBHJI0, CTepHJibHbI.

Ha CJIH3HCTblX H0C0rJT0TKH HMeeTC.11 60JibIIIOe K0JIHti:eCTB0 MHKpoop­

raHH3M0B - npe)],CTaBHTeJieH xapaKTepHOH MHKpoqmopbI H TpaH3HT0pH0H. B H0C0BhIX X0)],aX HH)],HreHHa.11 MHKpocpnopa npe,ncTaBJieHa KOpHHe6aKTe­ pH.11MH, nocTO.IIHH0 npucyrcTByJOT pe3H.lleHTHhie S.epidermidis H MHKpo­ KOKKH, BCTpeti:alOTC.11 HenaToreHHhie HettccepHH, reMOQ_)HJlhHbie na.rroqKH, cpe)],H aHa3po6oB - 6aKTepoH)],hl, BeHJIJIOHeJIJihl, aH83po6Hble K0KKH. Ha MHH)],a.,rnrnax npeo6.ria,1J,a10T 3eJieIDII.UHe cTpemoK0KKM H aHa3po6m,Ie K0KKH, KOT0pbie Moryr Bbl3bIBaTb T0H3HJIJIJITI,[.

TpaH3HTOpHa.11 cpnopa TI0CT0.IIHH0 nona,n:aeT B H0C0rJT0TKY npH,D;bIXa­

HHH, a TaIOKe H3 p0T0rJl0TKH, H B 3Hat{HTeJibHOW CTeneHH y,n:aJUieTC.11pecHHt{­ KaMH 3TIHTeJIH.11, CMbIBaeTC.11 CJIH3bl0, 3JIHMHHHpyeTC.11 ceKpeT0pHbIMH IgA, JIH30I.J;l'IM0M. Ilpen.lITCTByeT K0JfOHH3a[(HH TI0CT0p0HHHMH  MHKpoopramn­

MaMH, B TOM ti:HCJle H naToreHHbIMH, TI0KpbIBa10ma.11 CJIH3HCThie o6oJIOl{KH HOC0f'Jl0TKH 38lUHTHrul 6HoTIJieHKa.

AJJ;anee:

1. Bbl.lIBHTb H0CHTeJibCTBO rraToreHHhIX CTaq>HJIOKOKKOB.,lln.11 3Toro rrpocMoTpeTb qaIIIKH IlerpH c)KCA, Ha K0Top1,1e c.n;enaH1,1 rroceBbI CJIH3H C nepe,n:HHX H0C0BbIX X0)],0B, 0TMenITb ttaimqHe JieQHTHHa-

30II0JI0)KHTeJibHbIX KOJIOHHH, B0Kpyr K0T0pbIX HMeeTC.11 opeon (TaK

H83hIBaeMbIH «pa.ny:>KHbIH BeHt{HK»), npoBeCTH MHKp0CK0ITWleCK0e H3yqeHHe KOJIOHHH.

IloMHHTe, ti:TO Jiel.lHTHHa3HruI aKTIIBH0CTh CBOHCTBeHHa rraToreHHbIM CTaq>HJIOKOKKaM-Staphylococcus aureus. O,n:HaKo,.n;Jl.11 0K0ffl{aTeJibHoro 3aKJIIOl{eHH.11 06 HX rraTOreHH0CTH CT8B.IIT pH,n:)],0IT0JIHHTeJibHbIX n p o 6.

 

Mu1<poqmopa ypozeuumaJlbHozo mpa1<ma. MoqeBhIBO.ll.llllla.11cHcTe­ Ma, B TOM t{HCJie H MOti:eBOH rry3blpb, B H0pMe He co,n:ep)l(aT MHKpo6oB, 3a

HCKJilOt{eHHeM rrepe,n:HeH ypeTpbI, r)],e BCTpeqaIOTCH CTaq>MJIOKOKKH, Herra­ ToreHHhie HeifocepHH, KOpHHe6aKTepHH, MHK0TIJ1a3Mhl, Katt)],H)],bl H.llpyrue MHI<poopraI-IH3MbI.

Ha K0:JfCe u cmnucmblX Hapy.>ICHblX 120Jl06blX 0pi?G1'06 oforrruoT 83p06hI H amnpo61,1: 3ITH,nepMaJibHhle CTaq>HJIOKOKKH, 3eJieHHlllHe CTperrT0K0KKH,

KOpHHe6aKTepHH, 3HTepo6aKTep1m, 6uqm)],o6aKTepHH, cpy306aKTepm1, 8Ha3p06Hbie K0KKH.

10

 

Blla2aJluu,e. MHKpoqmopa BJiaramuua 3amttw:aeT penpo.nyKTHBHbie opraHbI)l(eHIJlHHbl B,neTOp0,UH0M rrepHo,ne OT rrpoHHI<H0Bemrn:IIOCTOpOHHeH MHKpOqmopbl (IIOJIOCTb M8TKH 3,U0p0BbIX)l(eHW:HH CTepHJibHa). KpoMe mro, C0CTQjJHHe MHKpoqmopbl BJiaraJIHW:a)l(eHW:HHbI-MaTepH BJIHjJeT Ha C0CTaB MHKpoqmopbI ee H0Bopo)l(,neHH0r0 pe6eHKa.

B pa3Hbie nepH0,Ubl)l(H3HH MHKpOq)Jlopa BJiaraJIHW:a HMeeT cyw:e­ CTBeHHbie 0TJIJ,fqffjJ. y,neBoqeK 0Ha MaJioqHcJieHHa H HMeeT CX0,UCTB0 C MHKpocpnopoH KO)l(H, ceKpeT BJiara.rm:w:a HdiTparreH (3HaqeHHe pH 7,0).

C HaCT)'TIJieHHeM IIOJIOBOH 3peJI0CTH rrpoHCX0,UHT pe3K0e H3MeHeHue

K0JIH1.JeCTBeHHoro H KaqecTBeHHoro C0CTaBa MHKpocpnopbI. Ilo.n BJIHjJHJfeM ropM0H0B - 3CTporeH0B B 3TilfreJIHH BJiaraJIHIJla B 6om,IIIOM K0JIH1.JeCTBe Ha­ KanmmaeTCjJ rJIHKoreH, 6Jiaro,napjJ qeMy C03,naJOTCjJ 0TITHMaJibHbie ycJI0BIDI

,nJijJ JiaKTo6aUHJIJI H HeK0T0pbIX.npymx MHKpo6oB. O6Jia,nM caxap0JIHTJ,fqe­ CKHMH CBOHCTBaMH, JiaKTo6auHJUihl MeTa60JIJi3HpyIOT rJIHKoreH, o6pa3YJOT M0J1oqey10 H.npyrHe KHCJI0TbI, II0Jiyl.JM npH 3T0M Heo6xo.nHMY10 3Heprnio.

Ce1<.peT BJiaranttw:a npHo6peTaeT I<.HcJioe 3Ha1.JeHHe (pH 4 - 5), qTo TaIOKe

6JiarorrpffjJTCTByeT)l(H3He,ne.11TeJihH0CTH JiaKTo6au;HJIJI, HX K0JmqecTB0,no­ CTHraeT l 08 KOE/Mn KpoMe,noMHHHpyIOW:HX naKTo6au;HJIJI, BO BJiaranmue

npeo6Jia,naJOT aHa3po61,I - 6aKTepoH,nhI, 6mpH,no6aKTepHH, rremoKoKKH; a3p06bI rrpe,ncTaBJieHbl CTaqJHJIOKOI<.KaMH, KOpHHe6aKTepH.11MH, 0,UHaK0

HX 1<.oJIH1.JecTB0 He rrpeBbIIIIaeT 103 - 104K O EI MJI Y HeKOTophIX)l(eHW:HH

BCTpeqaJOTCjJ CTpeIIT0K0KKH, rap,nHepeJIJibl, MHK0ilJia3Mhl, XJiaMH,nHH,

KaH,nH,UbI.

HaH60JihIIIee 3Ha1.feHHe HMeJOT JiaKTo6aummbI - naJiol.fKH J(o.nepneiiHa

(L. acidophylus). OHMHrpalOT 0CH0BHYJO pom, B K0JI0HH3aQHH CJIH3HCTOH o6oJI01.JKH BJiaraJIHW:a H o6pa30BaHHH 6HoIIJieHKH, o6Jia,naJOT Bblp8)l(eHHbIMH aHTHMHKp06HblMH CBOHCTBaMH 6naro.nap.s1 o6pa30BaHHIO MOJI01.JHOH KHC­

JIOThl, nepeKHCH Bo,nopo.[{a, npo.nyKUHH aHTH6HOTHKono.no6HhIX Bew:ecTB. Bee 3TH <paKTopbl npeIDITCTBYJOT KOJI0HH3au;HH BJiararrHIJla npomncaK>ID:HMH H3BHe MHKpoopraHH3MaMH, B TOM 1.JHCJie naToreHHbIMH.

 

11

 

3. MuKpocl>Jiopa num;eeapuTeJibHoro TpaKTa

B muueBapHTeJibHOM TpaKTe cocpe,uoTO'-leHa OCH0BHag qaCTb H0p­ MaJibHOH MHKpOq>JIOpbl opraHH3Ma '-leJioBeKa. ITpH'-leM, pa3JJHqHbJe 0T,UeJibl IIHJUeBapHTem,HOH CHCTeMbl 3Ha'-IHTeJIE,HO OTJIH'-lalOTCj{ IIO Ka'-leCTBeHH0MY H K0JrnqecTBeHH0MY COCTaBY npHC}'TCTBYlOJUHX MHKpoopraHH3M0B.