Змістовий модуль 1. Загальне поняття про економіку Великої Британії та США

 

Тема 1. Економіка Великої Британії та США

 

План вивчення теми

 

1. Економіка Великої Британії.

2. Економіка США.

3. Поняття про систему часів англійських дієслів. The Present Tenses.

 

Навчальні цілі

Засвоїти лексичні одиниці та оволодіти комунікативними компетенціями, які забезпечують адекватну мовленнєву поведінку в ситуаціях, пов’язаних з розумінням і наданням інформації відносно економіки Великої Британії та США, сформувати поняття про систему часів англійських дієслів, навчитись вживати The Present Indefinite Tense, The Present Continuous Tense,The Present Perfect Tense.

 

Завдання та методичні рекомендації до вивчення теми

 

1.1. Прочитайте текст 1, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

 

TEXT 1

INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE OF THE UK

In the past English industrial prosperity rested on a few important products, such as textiles, coal and heavy machinery. Now the UK has a great variety of industries, for example heavy and light industry, chemical, aircraft, electrical, automobile and many other industries. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world’s major manufacturing nations. Now high technology industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional industries have experienced a certain decline.

Certain areas are traditionally noted for various types of industries. For instance, Newcastle is famous for coal industry, the county of Lancashire for its textile industry. The Midlands, or the central counties of England, are famous for the production of machinery, coal, motor cars and chemicals. In recent times regional industrial distinctions have become less clear as more and more new factories are built in the different parts of the country.

Speaking about the cities of the United Kingdom the first mention should be made of London, the capital of the UK. It is a big port on the River Thames, a major commercial, industrial centre.

Leeds is a centre of clothing industry producing woolen articles. Glasgow is a major port on the River Clyde where shipbuilding industry is developed. Liverpool on the River Mersey is a flour milling and engineering centre. Birmingham is an iron and steel centre. Manchester is famous for textile manufacturing.

Three-quarters of the United Kingdom’s land is dedicated to agriculture. About two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of English farms and pastures are very high. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important crops grown. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous types of livestock.

Sheep is a source of both wool for textile industry and mutton for food industry. Mutton is the best liked English meat.

 

1.2. Для перевірки правильності розуміння прочитаного тексту виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

Ситуація 1. Складіть історію із наступних фрагментів, але ви, як оповідач, віддаєте перевагу офіційним і лаконічним висловлюванням:

industry, agricultural, prosperous, a variety of, a major, manufacture, experience, area, distinction, to dedicate

1. She got a job in the production of goods from raw materials.

2. The UK three-quarters of the land is only to be used for farming needs.

3. The towns and cities of Midlands are increasingly rich.

4. Students in English colleges are offered a lot of different courses.

5. Britain played an important role in negotiations.

6. Cost of English goods will determine the methods of production.

7. Many people all over the world will have problems as the result of retirement.

8. My family has lived in this part of England for years.

9. The New Act of the Parliament makes no difference between children and adults.

10. Andy Smith wants to devote more time to academic work.

 

Ситуація 2. Людина, яка промовляє наступні фрази, часом, не могла згадати деякі англійські сова. Допоможіть їй/йому знайти їх:

In the past English industrial (багатство)……………… rested on a few important products, such as textiles, coal and heavy machinery. Now high (технологічні)……………. industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional industries have (переживали)………….. a certain decline. The Midlands, or the central (графства)……………. of England, are famous for the production of (машинобудування).......…, coal, motor cars and (хімікатів)……………...

London, the capital of the UK, is a big (порт) …………… on the River Thames, a major (комерційний)…........., (промисловий)………………… centre. Leeds is a centre of (тканинної)……. industry producing woolen (вироби)………...

Liverpool on the River Mersey is a (мукомельний)…………. …………. and (машинобудівний)……… centre. Birmingham is an (заліза)……….. and (сталі)………….. centre. Manchester is famous for (текстильною)………… manufacturing.

 

2.1. Прочитайте текст 2, намагаючись зрозуміти його якомога точніше та повніше.

 

TEXT 2

ECONOMY OF THE USA

The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States.

Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position.

Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersey are biggest industrial regions of the country.

The United States has a lot of mineral deposits or resources such as coal, gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. The south, especially Texas is rich in oil. The coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of coal mines.

Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska is the richest farming region of America and it is known as the Corn Belt. The land is fertile and well watered. They grow mostly corn and wheat there. Much livestock is also raised here.

There is a lot of fruit raising area. For example, California oranges, grapefruit, lemons, as well as other fruits, wines and vegetables are shipped all over the States and to other parts of the world. The most important crops grown in the States are also tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts, grapes and many others.

 

2.2. Для перевірки правильності розуміння прочитаного тексту виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

 

Ситуація 3. Складіть історію із наступних фрагментів, але ви, як оповідач, віддаєте перевагу офіційним і лаконічним висловлюванням:

coast, mining, shipped, the landscape, livestock, to research, gold, fertile land, raised

1. We need to study the market of the US East Coast.

2. A large area of countryside is dotted with the tents of campers and hikers; it is a popular US resort.

3. We have spent a nice day in the place where the land meets the sea.

4. You should buy this necklace; valuable, shiny yellow metal looks good on people with dark hair.

5. Getting coal from under the ground is one of the country’s main industries, they have also developed their specific work style.

6. In these states 800 acres of rich land are able to produce good crops and are dedicated to corn.

7. He bred cattle in Nebraska when he was young, thus he became rich.

8. Farmers of Iowa and Illinois specialize in raising animals such as cows, sheep and pigs; their families have done it for the life-time.

9. In the USA toxic waste is sent away into predesignated areas; they check carefully the process.

 

Ситуація 4. Людина, яка повідомляє наступну інформацію, часом, не може згадати деякі англійські слова. Допоможіть їй/йому знайти їх:

The United States of America is a highly developed (промислова) ………….country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly (розвинуті)…………. in the States. The Great Lakes, the Atlantic coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersey are (найбільші промислові) …………regions of the country. The (вугільні поля)………… of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of (вугільних)…………. mines there. Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska make up richest (сільськогосподарський)…………. region of America. The most important (культури) …………..grown in the States are tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts, grapes.

 

3.1. Для ознайомлення з поняттям про систему часів англійських дієслів вивчіть Units 1-4, 7-8 підручника R. Murphy “English Grammar in Use” Основна література: [3].

 

3.2. Щоб навчитись вживати The Present Indefinite Tense, The Present Continuous Tense,The Present Perfect Tense, виконайте наступні ситуаційні вправи:

 

Ситуація 5. Виберіть заперечну форму англійського дієслова:

1. The English don’t / doesn’t eat cats, they love them.

2. On the British Isles they never / often eat uncooked meat.

3. The gala don’t / doesn’t start at 7.30 today.

4. On some days in Britain, the sun doesn’t / don’t appear out of the clouds.

5. Mice don’t / doesn’t catch cats.

6. The River Thames doesn’t / don’t flow into the Pacific Ocean.

 

Ситуація 6. Напишіть запитання до речень. Речення починайте із питальних слів поданих у дужках:

Examples: Mr. Black plays tennis. (How often?) How often does Mr. Black play tennis?

His wife gets up in the morning to make breakfast for him. (What time/usually?) What time does his wife usually get up in the morning to make breakfast for him?

1. Their daughter Ann watches television all day long. (How often a week?) ……………………..

2. Mrs. Black complains to her parents about her children. (How often?) ……………………..

3. I have dinner in the evening at their place. (What time/usually?) …………………….

4. Mr. Black works in one of the banks in the City of London. (Where?)

………………………………………

5. I go to the swimming baths with Mrs. Black twice a week. (How often?) ……………………..

6. Mrs. Black does stupid things, her husband thinks so. (What?) ……………………….

7. Mr. Black’s car breaks down. Mrs. Black thinks it is because of her husband (Why?) ……………………..

 

Ситуація 7. Доповніть речення про досягнення та події в житті американців, використовуючи словосполучення “so far”, оскільки вони повідомляють про все що трапилось до сьогоднішнього дня:

Examples: I saw Tom yesterday on our Miami beach, but I haven’t seen him so far today.

It rained a lot last week in the mountains but it hasn’t rained much so far this week.

1. We drove a lot yesterday but we…………… much so far today.

2. It rained a lot last summer but it……………. so far this summer, so you can come to us.

3. He played the guitar a lot at yesterday’s party but………….. today, probably, he’ll do it.

4. The students of the college worked hard last term but…………..this term.

5. Diana surfed with Bill yesterday evening but…………….. this evening, the sea is rough.

6. Gerry’s favourite “Californian Giants” soccer team won a lot of matches last season but they …………………. many matches so far this season.

 

Питання для самоконтролю

1. In the past English knew much about coal, why?

2. UK cars are very good, is it true? Give your reasons.

3. Why young British people dream about high technology industries?

4. Why people in the world watch what the British do on their land?

5. Do British need many people in agriculture?

6. What crop fields can you find in the UK?

7. Why many farmers want to buy British cows and sheep?

8. Is it true that the USA has a lot of mineral deposits? What are they?

9. What region of the USA is rich in oil? What else do you know about it?

10. Why is the richest farming region of America known as the Corn Belt? Give your reasons.

11. Why do people of the world like California? Is it for resort or work opportunities?

12. What crop fields can you find in the USA? What is produced from them?

 

Завдання до самостійної роботи

Роботу над завданнями самостійної роботи з теми 1 слід здійснювати паралельно, виконуючи всі завдання, надані в методичних рекомендаціях. Завдання самостійної роботи необхідно виконувати в спеціальному зошиті. Загальна сума балів за виконання ситуаційних вправ самостійної роботи - 20.