Тема 7.6. Side Effects / Побочныеявления

Level A

We learn the new words / Мыучимновыеслова

side effect	побочныйэффект
rash	сыпь
hives	крапивница
avoid	Избегать
rare	Редкий
mild	Мягкий
supplement	Добавка
blood thinners	Коагулянт
interaction	взаимодействие
make sure	убедиться

We read / Мычитаем

Read and translate the text / Прочитайтеипереведитетекст

Side Effects

Most of the time, medicines make our lives better. They reduce aches and pains, fight infections, and control problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes. But medicines can also cause unwanted reactions. One problem is interactions, which may occur between

• Two drugs, such as aspirin and blood thinners

• Drugs and food, such as statins and grapefruit

• Drugs and supplements, such as gingko and blood thinners

• Drugs and diseases, such as aspirin and peptic ulcers

Interactions can change the actions of one or both drugs. The drugs might

not work, or you could get side effects. Side effects are unwanted effects caused by the drugs. Most are mild, such as a stomach aches or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the drug. Others can be more serious.

Drug allergies are another type of reaction. They can be mild or life threatening.

Skin reactions, such as hives and rashes, are the most common type. Anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction, is rarer. When you start a new prescription or over-the-counter medication, make sure you understand how to take it correctly. Know which other medications and foods you need to avoid. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

Level B

Vocabulary

side effect	побочныйэффект
hives	крапивница
itch	зуд
tonics	тонизирующие
sedatives	успокаивающие
laxatives	слабительные
sleeping pills	снотворное
antipruritic	противозудное
antiseptic	антисептический, антисептическое средство
healing	лечебное, заживляющие действие
curative	излечивающий
helpful	помогающий, полезный
asthma	астма
allergic reaction	аллергическая реакция
toxic, poisonous	ядовитый
adverse; unfavorable	неблагоприятный

Reading

Effects of Drugs

 

Drugs come into the body and are absorbed into the bloodstream. Depending upon the body sensitivity and reactivity drugs produce various actions and have different effects. According to their effects, drugs may be tonics, sedatives, laxatives, sleeping pills, analgetics, anesthetics of a local or systemic action, anti-pruritics or antiseptics. The action of the drug is expected to be healing, curative and helpful. It can produce strong or weak effect, may be neutral. But sometimes when the prescription is not followed, in case of overdose or hypersensitivity of the body, drugs produce (give) side (or adverse) effects, such as, hives, rhinitis, asthma, allergic reaction, blood dyscrasia, collagen disorders, photosensitivity and other reactions. Some drugs are toxic and poisonous. Their overdose may cause untoward, unexpected and unfavorable reactions and sometimes even death. So, follow only the dose indicated on the label or a signature. Some drugs or a combination of drugs have additive, cumulative, synergetic and idiosyncratic action. Some drugs may produce tolerance or sometimes anaphylaxis. 

Drugs are dispensed and stored in a place known as pharmacy. The pharmacist will tell you how to take and how to store the drug. The pharmacist can tell you, “Take a tablespoonful of this mixture and do not forget to shake it before using” or “Keep this mixture in a cool place”. 

Say it in English

- оказыватьдействие;                                        

- эффектможетбытьсильным,                       

- привыкание;

- нежелательное, неожиданноедействие;

- вслучаепередозировки;  

- фоточувствительность                            

- эффектнакапливания;

- побочныеэффекты;                                       

- усиливающеедействие.

- хранитьлекарстваприкомнатнойтемпературеиливпрохладномместе;

- патологическоесостояние крови

Answerthequestions:

1. What do drugs produce depending on the body sensitivity and reactivity?

2. What may drugs be according to their effect?

3. What effects may drugs produce?

4. What adverse reactions and side effects may drugs give?

5. What reactions may the overdose of some drugs cause?

Speaking

1. Where are drugs absorbed?

2. What may drugs be according to their effects?

3. What is the action of the drug expected to be?

4. When do drugs produce side or adverse effects?

5. What adverse reactions can drugs cause?

6. What can help a person to avoid adverse reactions?

7. What can a pharmacist tell a person who buys medicines? 

Составьте устное сообщение (8-12 предложений) на английском языке, используя текст “ EffectsofDrugs ”, по плану:

1. Actions which drugs produce in the body

2. Side effects which may occur in case when the prescription is not followed

3. Prevention of dangerous consequences caused by careless taking of drugs