Prepare the brief report on the topic: “My Favourite Modern Wonder”. Explain your choice.

4. Make up three sentences with the Past Participle using the following verbs:

To build, to repair, to live, to leave, to report, to consult, to adopt, to have, to do.

 

5. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. We live in the town founded 700 years ago.

2. My mother works in the factory built last year

3. We’ve got all kinds of agricultural machines made abroad.

4. The decisions adopted on the plant meeting are supported by the majority of workers.

5. They had their information send by telex.

6. We had our terms agreed.

 

6. Put the infinitives in brackets in the necessary tense form:

1. All kinds of agricultural machines (to produce) by our plant was much spoken about.

2. The deal (to conclude) by them was a success.

3. The products (to produce) by our bakery are tasty.

4. The engine (to repair) by him failed.

5. The magazine about textile and chemical factories (to buy) by her was interesting.

6. The scientist (to award) the first prize made a speech.

7. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the seven modern wonders?

2. Is it early days for computers?

3. When did Neil Armstrong step out of his space capsule?

4. What is the average life expectancy today?

5. Are the Olympic Games the competitions in which every country in the world takes part?

6. Is there still famine in the World?

7. Have we any bombs and weapons?

 

8. Find the Participles, state their forms and functions in the sentence:

1. She used the book about ferrous and non-ferrous metals given to her by her aunt.

2. The agreement concluded by them is useful for both sides.

3. The contract signed last year was soon broken.

4. My TV-set repaired some days ago went out of order.

5. I saw a film about welding industry produced in 2004.

6. I used the article about light and heavy industries recommended to me by our teacher.

7. I put on the ring made by our plant.

 

9. Choose the right form of the Participle:

1. The agricultural machines (made, making) at this factory are exported to several countries.

2. We had (bought, buying) the equipment on a barter basis.

3. Who had (coordinated, coordinating) the cooperation?

4. We looked for a factory (built, building) by the workers not long ago.

5. I was reading a book (printed, printing) in our town.

6. He bought a TV (made, making) at our plant.

 

10. Communicative situations:

1. You are talking with your foreign friend about the problems of modern medicine and agriculture.

2. Which of the ancient wonders is the greatest? Explain why.

 

TOPIC: COMPUTERS

GRAMMAR: DIRECT AND INDERECT SPEECH

1. Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:

descendant	-потомок
efficient	-ефективний
to store	-накопичувати
to predict	-прогнозувати
solution	-вирішення
disease	-хвороба
treatment	-лікування
capable	-здатний

 

Read and translate the text.

Сomputers - from the beginning till nowadays.

When Charles Babbage, a professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he couldn’t imagine the situation we find ourselves in today. Nearly everything we do in the world is helped, or even controlled by computers, the complicated descendants of his simple machine. Computers are used more and more often in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better memories and they can store much information. No man alive can do 500000 sums in one second, but a computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and even play chess, write poetry or compose music.

The use of computers

Just as television has extended human sight across the barriers of time and distance, so the computers extended the power of the human mind across the existing barriers.

Computers in medicine

Computers are of great importance in the modern hospital. The main use of computers is the storing of the medical knowledge, which has been required in the last 50 years. No doctor can possibly keep up with all discoveries. The only solution of the problem is to store medical knowledge in a computer. Today there are medical computer centers were all existing knowledge of symptoms of various diseases and of their treatment is stored. Doctors feed data on symptoms to the computer and get the necessary information on correct diagnostics and treatment.

An ordinary computer can remember only the data stored in the hard disk. Now scientists have designed machines, which are capable of learning from experience and remembering what they have learnt. Such a machine is capable of recognizing objects without human help or control.

Information science with the ideas of processing and storing information is of great importance today. That’s why computer technology is widely introduced to the secondary and high school.

 

3. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences:

1. Computers ….. more and more often in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings.

2. No man alive can do 500000 sums in one second, but ….. can.

3. No doctor can possibly ….. with all discoveries.

4. Doctors feed data on symptoms to the computer and get the necessary information on correct …...

5. Now scientists have designed machines, ….. of learning from experience and remembering what they have learnt.

 

4. Combine the following words to receive word-combinations:

ordinary	reason
designed	mind
necessary	computer
hard	machines
medical	disk
human	knowledge
simple	information

 

5. Answer the following questions:

1. Who invented the first computer?

2. What can the computers do?

3. What can an ordinary computer remember?

4. What is the role of the computers in medicine?

5. Why is the computer technology widely introduced to the secondary and high school?

6. Fill in: say, tell or ask in the correct form.

1. Tony ….. he enjoyed the performance.

2. I can’t ….. for sure, but I think she’s divorced.

3. Never ….. me a lie again.

4. She ….. me for a loan of $ 50.

5. My neighbour always ….. “hello” whenever he sees me.

6. And now I would like to ….. a few words about this year’s competitions.

7. Turn the following sentences into the Reported Speech:

8. “It’s time we went out”, she said.

9. “The Earth is round”, he said.

10. “Paris is a small city”, Lucy said.

11. “If I were you, I’d enter the competition”, she said.

12. “Mum is making a cake now”, said Tom.

 

Turn the following sentences into Indirect questions. Omit question marks if necessary.

1. Where are you going? (I want to know…)

2. Did he steal the money? (I doubted…)

3. Who did it? (She wondered…)

4. Has she told anyone about our engagement? (He wondered…)

5. Where have you been? (He wanted to know…)

6. Will she be on time? (I doubt…)

7. Does he speak French fluently? (I wonder…)

9. Fill in the table using your knowledge of Direct/Indirect Speech:

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
Tonight	that night
now
now that
this week
yesterday
last night
tomorrow
next week
two days ago

10. Communicative situations:

1. Ask your group mate about the advantages of the computer technology.

2. Prepare the short report on the topic: “Computers in medicine”.

3. Write a short composition on the topic: “Computers in high school”.

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

MODULE 2

1. Which stage did the automation reach in the development of technology?

2. What does the application of automation give us?

3. Can you name three physical states of matter?

4. When did scientists establish the atomic theory of the structure of matter?

What did they find?

5. What does mechanics study?

6. What does statics deal with?

7. What is metal in chemistry?

8. What metals are the most well-known?

9. What is the core of the theory of relativity?

10. What did Einstein receive the Nobel Prize for?

11. What methods did Paton create?

12. What did he find?

13. How much of solar energy is utilized?

14. At what rate can the solar energy be converted into electricity?

15. What products is England important for?

16. What are the leading seaports of Great Britain?

17. What are the seven modern wonders?

18. What is your favourite? Why?

19. Who invented the first computer?

20. What can the computer do?

 

 

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS

KYIV

Ancient and eternally young Kyiv is one of the largest political, cultural and administrative centre of Ukraine. It was founded more than1500 years ago. In population it ranks the 3^rd after Moscow and St. Petersburg. It has about 3 mln. inhabitants. It occupies an area of 800 sq.km.

Kyiv is one of the oldest cities in Europe and that’s why it is interesting for our visitors from the point of view of its present day life and ancient history. The city has many places of historical importance. One of them is known as the Old Kyiv Hill situated on the slopes of the Dnipro River. The monuments we admire in Kyiv have been bequest by the civilization of Old Rus (9-13c.c.). By then the Slav tribes from the East had become settled. According to the Old Rus chronicles Kyiv was founded by 3 brothers (Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv) and their sister, Lybid in 482. And in honor of the eldest brother the town was named Kyiv which meant Kyi’s town. It was not very big and covered 5 acres (2 ha).

Due to its location on the Dnipro river, a great waterway from Varangians to the Greeks, Kyiv rapidly expanded and in the 9c. It became the political center of a mighty state Kyiv Rus Ukraina. The state was one of the most flourishing in Europe, the country-maintained close relations with Byzantium and Greece, that outstanding center of civilization.

Many monuments in Kyiv are devoted to the memory of Great Patriotic War heroes: the monument to General Vatutin, who was the commander-in-chief of the troops that liberated Kyiv; the Obelisk of Glory at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the park of Eternal Glory. The complex-museum of the Great Patriotic War was erected in Kyiv.

The beautiful monument to the revolutionary military leader Shchors is situated in Shevchenko Boulevard. In Kyiv green parks and squares there stand the monuments to the outstanding Ukrainian writers and poets: the monument to Taras Shevchenko, the monument to Lesya Ukrainka, the monument to Gregory Skovoroda and many others.

As it was mentioned before Kyiv is situated on the banks of the Dnipro river. It has some bridges to connect one part of the city with the other. Embankment is a very beautiful place in Kyiv.

Khreshchatic is the main street lined with multi-storied buildings, shops and department-stores, hotels, restaurants and cafes. It is a wide beautiful modern street.

The cultural life of the city is rich and many-sided. Most of Kyivs’ state buildings, theatres and educational institutions are in the centre of the city. There are some famous buildings and monuments dating from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, like the St. Sophia’s Cathedral, the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, the Golden Gate, the monument to Princess Olga, Apostle Andrew, and Cyril and Methodious – the first educators of Slavonic people.

There are many stadiums, sports grounds, swimming-pools, skating-rinks, cycling tracks, rowing stations, tennis courts, football pitches and other facilities in Kyiv.

The city has a great number of educational institutions for students of various specialities. It is the seat of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

 

UKRAINE

Ukraine is one of the largest countries of the former Soviet Union. Its territory ranks the 3^rd after the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan, it occupies 603.7 thousand sq. Km. As to the population it is the second after the Russian federation which is about 48 million.

By its territory and by population Ukraine can be compared with such a big European state as France. The Ukrainians constitute 78% of the inhabitants, while the representatives of almost every nationality of the former Soviet Union live on its territory.

Ukraine is situated in the centre of Europe. It has common borders with Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Russia, Byelorus, in the south it is washed by the waters of the Black and Azov seas.

Today Ukraine is a sovereign and independent state. This was the aspiration of the Ukrainian people expressed during the nation-wide referendum of December 1, 1991 when 92% of the population who took part in this campaign voted in favour of it.

Ukraine has its own parliament (Verkhovna Rada), the government (the Cabinet of Ministers), Constitution, a flag (blue and yellow), a state coat of arms (trident), an anthem (Neither Glory nor Freedom of Ukraine have perished yet), the state language.

This country is represented on the international arena. It is a charter-member of the UN and participates in the activities of many international organizations.

The territory of our country has an astonishing variety of landscapes. We have high mountains, vast steppes, endless forests, beautiful rivers and lakes. The largest lake of Ukraine is Swityaz, its total area is 24.2 square kilometers and the depth is 58,5 meters. Ukraine has 131 rivers, among them are the Dnipro with its tributaries such as the Desna, the Prypyat, the Dniester, the Bug, the Donets.

The flora and fauna of our country are extremely rich. Almost all kinds of animals and birds can be found on the territory of our vast land.

Our country has many industrial raw materials, it has rich deposits of iron, metals, coal, oil, gas, different ores, marble and other natural resources. Ukraine has metallurgical and heavy industries.

The fertile black soil and the favourable climate have long facilitated the growth of agriculture in Ukraine.

Ukraine has an ancient history. The state of Kyiv Rus situated on the territory of the present Ukraine was set up in the 9-th century. It was a powerful feudal state with highly developed culture and various crafts widely known throughout Europe.

From the 13-th century Ukraine was continuously struggling against invasions by the Tatar-Mongols, the Turks, the Crimean Tatars, Lithuanian and Polish rulers, who pursued a policy of merciless national oppression. The long struggle of the Ukrainian people for independence ended victoriously under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky.

Ukraine has its own original culture and art. Ukraine has many professional theatres and Philarmonic societies. The National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, the Grihory Veryovka Ukrainian People’s Choir, the Dance Company of Ukraine are known not only in the country but all over the world.

 

GREAT BRITAIN

 

Great Britain known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consists of Great Britain, Ireland and some 5,500 smaller islands. The total area of the United Kingdom is 244,027 square kilometers. Great Britain is divided into 55 administrative counties. The largest island in north-west Europe-Great Britain-is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea, and from the Continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.

The surface of England and Ireland is rather flat. The highest mountain in the United Kingdom is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1343 m). There are many rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long and deep and they do not freeze in winter. The chief rivers are the Severn (220 miles) and the Thames (215 miles).

Great Britain is known for its typically maritime climate with frequent rains, strong winds and continuous fogs.

The population of Great Britain is nearly 56 million people. England has more people than the other parts of the British Isles. About four fifths of the population are urban and only one fifth is rural.

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of the state. In practice she reigns but does not rule. The country is governed in her name by the Government. Parliament is the supreme legislative body. It consists of two Houses: The House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is usually the head of the party which is in power.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Shipbuilding is one of the principal industries of Great Britain. For centuries Britain has been the leading shipbuilder in the world.

Coal is the main source for the development of British industry. The biggest centers of iron and steel industries are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Newcastle, Glasgow, Cardiff, Middlesbrough, Sheffield. The district around Birmingham is a land of factories and mines.

Coal-mining, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding are the older branches of industry. The new industries are the chemical, electro-technical, automobile, aviation and electronics.

Big cities and towns such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield and Birmingham have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry, old and new. The main centers of cotton and woolen industry are Leeds, Bradford and Manchester.

London, Liverpool and Glasgow are the biggest English ports. The products of British economy, for example, automobiles, textile, machinery, electronic equipment and many others are exported to many countries of the world.

Agriculture is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain. The greater part of the land here is used for sheep-, cattle-, and dairy farming. Vegetables are grown in all parts of the country. The chief crops are wheat and barley.

LONDON

 

London is the capital of Great Britain, one of the world’s three largest cities (the other two are New York and Tokyo).

The Romans founded a settlement on the river Thames 2000 years ago. They called it Londinium. London became a prosperous trading centre during the Middle Ages. Since that time it has continued to grow in size and prosperity. There are more than 10 thousand streets in London. About 7 million people live there.

There are four main parts in London: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. The very centre of London is Trafalgar Square. There is Nelson’s Column with the statue of Admiral Nelson on the top (185 feet high). In the north of Trafalgar Square there is the National Gallery. It exhibits all schools of European painting from the 13-th to the 19-th century and includes works by Rubens, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt.

Not far from Trafalgar Square there is a little street with very ordinary houses. This is Downing Street and for the last 200 years at house Number 10 the Prime Minister of England has resided.

Downing Street leads to Whitehall. In Whitehall was a palace where from the 12-th to the 16-th century the England kings and queens were living. Now it is just a street of government offices.

A little further we can see Parliament Square. Westminster Abbey is on one side, the House of Parliament on the other. The building of the House of Parliament is not old, it dates only back to the 19-th century and is in Gothic style. One of the most beautiful and distinguished of all English buildings is Westminster Abbey, founded in the 11-th century. There are many tombstones, monuments and statues there. For nearly 1000 years all the kings and queens of England –41 in all – have been crowned there and many of them are buried there too. There is the Poet’s Corner where many Britain’s greatest poets and writers are buried: Dickens, Hardy and Kipling. You can see memorials to Shakespeare, Burns, Byron, and Walter Scott.

Next we can walk along one side of St. James Park to Buckingham Palace – the Royal residence. The vast house is comparatively new and it has no style. However, great importance is still attached by the British to that place. Here you can see one of the most colourful and stirring of all London ceremonies, the changing of the Guards. The ceremony starts at 11.30 a. m. and takes between 30 and 40 minutes.