Ex. 1. Read the following words and word-combinations. Translate them into Ukrainian.

Criminal law, personal, illegal act, basic element, prescribed sanction, detail, central purpose, institution, vandalism, definition, serious offences, violation of law, sentence, imprisonment, penalty.

 

Ex. 2. Find the synonyms.

Conduct, offence, jail, ownership, penalty, prison, crime, behaviour, illegal, criminal, offender, punishment, property, outlawed.

 

Ex. 3. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.

To protect society from various crimes, to prevent the crime to society, to identify prescribed sanctions, to define the criminal law, to violate criminal law, to provide the social control, to specify outlawed act, to prescribe sanctions for punishment, to classify illegal conduct.

 

Ex. 4. Add the necessary words into the sentences.

1. Criminal law is …

2. The central purpose of criminal law is …

3. Crime is …

4. Crimes are classified as …

5. Felonies are those crimes for which … may be imposed and for misdemeanours may be imposed …

 

Ex. 5. Give the proper definition for:

crime ► a) a crime which is not serious

criminal ► b) illegal activity

conduct ► c) the way smb. behaves

felony ► d) a place where criminals are kept as a punishment

misdemeanor ► e) someone who has commited a crime

prison ► f) a serious crime

Ex. 6. Read these sentences and find wrong statements.

1. Criminal law provides social control for society.

2. Crime is a legal conduct.

3. Felonies are less serious crimes than misdemeanours.

4. Theft of personal property is a violation of criminal law.

5. There are no distinctions between felonies and misdemeanours.

6. Death sentence may be imposed for felonies.

7. Criminal law does not provide punishment for outlawed act.

8. The central purpose of criminal law is to protect society and its members.

 

Ex. 7. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and word-combinations.

 

DIFINITION OF CRIMINALS

Thief	is a person who steals some things from a person or place secretly without any kind of violence
Burglar	is a person who enters a building during the hours of darkness in order to steal
Robber	is a person who steals some things from a person or place, especially by violence or threat
Shop-lifter	is a person who steals food or clothes from the shops
Pick-pocket	is a person who steals money or purses out of people’s pockets in all kinds of vehicles or in a crowded streets
Kidnapper	is a person who takes away people by force and demands money for them
Murderer	is a person who kills somebody
Accomplice	is a person who helps a criminal in a criminal act
Drug dealer	is a person who buys and sells drugs to other people illegally
Bigamist	is a person who marries illegally, being married already
Traitor	is a person who betrays his or her country to another state
Forger	is a person who makes false money or signatures
Smuggler	is a person who gets goods into or out of a country illegally not paying any tax
Spy	is a person who gets secret information from another country
Terrorist	is a person who uses violence for political, economical and religious reasons
Arsonist	is a person who sets fire to property illegally
Gangster	is a member of a criminal group

 

Ex. 8. Put the words given above into the sentences.

1. A lot of money was stolen from the central bank by a …

2. Last week the famous … took a box of precious things from the jeweller’s shop.

3. A … has broken the window of the expensive car and stolen the tape-recorder.

4. Police arrested a … selling drugs in a disco-club.

5. The rich man’s child was taken away by a …

6. Police found a … who had killed three persons.

7. A … stole all money and credit cards from my friend’s pocket in the crowded bus.

8. Al Capone was a Chicago …

9. This picture is not really by Picasso. It was made by a …

10. I can’t marry him. I have already known that he has two wives, he is a …

 

Ex. 9. Put the right form of either ROB or STEAL in the sentences below.

 

1. Last night an armed gang ________the post officer.

2. They _________£5,000.

3. My handbag was __________at the cinema yesterday.

4. Every year a large number of banks are___________.

5. Mary ________some food in the market as she had no money to buy it and was caught by the police officer.

Ex. 10. Answer the following questions.

1. What is criminal law concerned with?

2. What are the basic elements of criminal law?

3. What is the main purpose of criminal law?

4. What does criminal law provide?

5. What is crime?

6. What does criminal law presume?

7. How are crimes classified by the judicial systems?

8. What is felony?

9. What is misdemeanour?

10. What kind of crimes belong to the felonies and which to misdemeanours?

Ex. 11. Translate the following sentences and define the kinds of adverbial clauses.

 

1. She spoke as if she was in a dream.

2. She turned over so that the light from the other room did not fall on her eyes.

3. I was just curious, though it wasn’t any of my business.

4. Years have passed since we began this trip.

5. If a witness is able to identify the suspect accurately, a positive identification has been made.

6. She held out the telegram so that I might see it.

7. Since there is no help, let us try and bear it as best we can.

8. The investigation will be considered successful if the witnesses intelligently interviewed.

9. A large crowd is standing where the crime was committed.

10. The air is not so cold now as it was in the early morning.

 

Ex. 12. Translate the following sentences and define the types of subordinate clauses.

 

1. Students are expected to take action as if they were on normal duty.

2. As soon as I heard of her death, I felt convicted that she had told him everything before she died.

3. The Constitution requires that any accused person must have every opportunity to demonstrate his or her innocence.

4. A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to identify and locate the guilty party and to prove evidence of his guilty.

5. The Senate does not approve an appointment until its members are satisfied that the candidate is qualified.

6. It is important to understand that not all persons who break rules are criminals.

Ex. 13. Translate the following sentences. Put the necessary Conjunctions.

 

as well as and but neither either nor or both

 

1. Criminal law … other laws provides social control for society.

2. Both the policeman … the criminal were armed well.

3. The Queen does not take part in politics … the country is governed in her name.

4. We could find him … at the university nor at home.

5. We will … be going to the theatre or the cinema.

6. Because of the Bill of Rights, police can not stop and search or arrest a person without good reason, … can they search anyone’s home without clear cause and the permission of a court.

7. Trial courts listen to testimony, consider evidence … decide the facts in disputed situations.

8. You must hurry … you will be late.

9. Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses … suspects.

10. … my colleague and I have already gathered all the facts relevant to the case.

11. He wanted to know more about that case … there was no any information.

12. We will either go to the library … prepare for the exams at home.

 

Ex. 14.. Put the beginnings and ends together.

BEGINNINGS	ENDS
Although he was very badtempered, Always brush your teeth Always wash your hands As Liz told you, Because I knew her family, Talk to me like that again Don’t do that again He had a terrible temper, Liz explained to you I was sorry for her,   If you do that again, There’ll be trouble	after you have a meal. and I’ll hit you. before you have a meal. but everybody liked him. he had lots of friends. I did what I could for her. her mother left for Berlin last Friday. or I’ll hit you. so I tried to help her. that her mother went back home last week. unless you stop that. you’ll be sorry.

 

MODUL 5

UNIT 2

	Topic: Investigation.
	Grammar: Complext Subject. Complex Object.

INVESTIGATION

A criminal investigator is a person who collects facts to accom­plish a threefold aim: to identify and locate the guilty party and to present evidence of his guilt.

The investigation process includes information, interrogation and instrumentation. By applying them in varying proportions the investiga­tor gathers the facts which are necessary to establish the guilt of the accused in a criminal trial.

Most crimes can be solved. The investigation will be considered successful if the available physical evidence was completely handled, the witnesses intelligently interviewed, the suspect ef­fectively interrogated, all logical leads properly developed, and the case comprehensively, clearly, and accurately reported.

Information means the knowledge which the investigator gathers from other persons. The first type of information is acquired from regular sources such as conscientious citizens, company records, and the files of other agencies. The second type is the knowledge which the experienced investigator gathers from cultivated sources such as paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers, former criminals or acquaintances.

Interrogation includes the skilful questioning of witnesses as well as suspects. The success of interrogation depends on the craft, logic and psychological insight with which the investigator questions a person who is in possession of information relevant to the case.

Instrumentation means applica­tion of the instruments and methods of the physical sciences to the detection of crime. Physics, for example, offers such aids as microscopy, photography, and the optical methods of analysis. The role of chemistry is well known. Biology and pathology are parti­cularly important in crimes of physical violence. The sum of these sciences insofar as they are applied to crime detection is called criminalistics. Their utility is associated with physical evidence.

The investigation may be divided into three pha­ses: 1) the criminal is identified; 2) he is traced and located; and 3) the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation.

Vocabulary

to collect/ gather facts	-	збирати факти
to accomplish	-	здійснювати, виконувати
threefold aim	-	потрійна мета
to present evidence	-	подавати докази
guilt	-	вина, провина
guilty	-	винний, винуватий
interrogation	-	допит, опитування
instrumentation	-	вимірювальні прилади
accused	-	обвинувачений
to solve a crime	-	розкрити злочин
successful	-	успішний, вдалий
physical evidence	-	речовий доказ
to interview witnesses	-	опитувати свідків
suspect	-	підозрюваний
to suspect	-	підозрювати
conscientious citizens	-	сумлінні громадяни
cultivated sources	-	відпрацьовані джерела
informant	-	донощик, інформатор
bartender	-	бармен
acquaintances	-	знайомі
psychological insight	-	психологічне розуміння, проникливість
possession of information	-	володіння інформацією
physical sciences	-	природничі науки
aid	-	допомога, підстримка
physical violence	-	фізичне насильство
to trace	-	простежити
to be located	-	бути розташованим