GRAMMAR: First Conditional – Умовні речення І типу

 

if + Present Simple / Continuous, will + V

 

We use the first conditional:

• to talk about a likely situation and its probable result in the future.

If the weather keeps warm, we'll go to the river. - Якщо погода залишиться теплою, ми підемо на річку.

• to give advice, threats and to make promises.

If I have time, I'll help you with the report. – Якщо я матиму час, я допоможу тобі зі звітом.

 

Ex.1. Finish these sentences using the first conditional:

 

1 Ifhe washes my car,....	7 If I go to the party,....
2 If you smoke,....	8 If it rains,....
3 If you need a lot of money,....	9 If I eat a lot of sweets,....
4 If you fail your test in math,....	10 If we get this loan,....
5 If she loses her weight,....	11 If you skip classes,....
6 If you phone me tonight,....	12 If you buy a new flat,....

 

Ex.2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

 

1 If you ……… (see) Marie, tell her I have a message for her. 2 If he ……… (refuse) to help, I'll have to manage without him. 3 What will we do if he ……… (not meet) us? 4 If I ……… (get) a work permit, I'll stay for another three weeks. 5 If you ……… (help) us, the job will only take an hour. 6 If I find his passport, I ……… (phone) him at once. 7If you leave your car unlocked, someone ……… (steal) it. 8 Unless she ……… (sell) more, she won't get much commission. 9 If I lend you $ 100, when you ……… (repay) me? 10 If we ……… (make) share issues this month, we'll raise our finance. 11 If you manage to get cheap loans, the firm ……… (stay) in business. 12 If we ……… (need) extra capital, we'll apply at the bank for a loan. 13 If you ……… (be) in difficulties with money, I'll help you by all means.

 

Ex.3. Translate into English:

 

1 Якщо я попрошу його, він допоможе нам одержати цю позику. 2Вони обговорять це питання, якщо у них буде вільний час. 3 Якщо нас запросять на ці переговори, ми будемо підтримувати вашу стратегію. 4 Ми одержимо цю інформацію вчасно, якщо він відправить її електронною поштою. 5 Якщо він забуде свою обіцянку, я нагадаю йому. 6 Якщо прибуток не буде розподілений між акціонерами, вони будуть не задоволені. 7 Якщо ми одержимо цю довгострокову оренду, то відкриємо ще один гіпермаркет в цьому місті. 8 Ми зможемо купити ці нові приміщення, якщо у фірми буде додатковий капітал. 9 Якщо наш вчений одержить грант, він зможе закінчити дослідження цієї важливої для всього людства проблеми. 10 Якщо я куплю цей телевізор у розстрочку, то я зможу заощадити гроші на подорож до Єгипту.

 

What is Economics About?

 

Unlike history, mathematics, English and chemistry, economics is a subject that most students encounter only briefly, sometimes not at all, before they begin college. Economics is a basic discipline, like those just listed. It is not an applied subject like accounting in which specific skills are taught.

Economics has some similarities to mathematics because logical reasoning and mathematical tools are used

in it extensively. It also has some similarities to history because economics studies people as they interact in social groups.

Like chemistry, economics employs the scientific method, although some of economics has a descriptive rather than an analytical flavour. Finally, like English grammar, economics has a few simple rules and principles, but from these principles economics can derive many conclusions.

Economics is the science of making choices. Individuals must decide whether to study another hour or to go for a walk, whether to buy a six-pack of Pepsi or two litres of milk at the grocery, whether to choose fire fighting or teaching as an occupation and whether to play golf or to watch TV for an afternoon of recreation. As a group, people must also choose through their governments whether to build a dam or to repair highways with their taxes, whether to invest money to business or to expand national parks.

The common element in all these decisions is that every choice involves a cost. (Reading this text means that you are not enjoying a bike ride).

In fact, economics is the study of the choice that people make and the actions that they take in order to make the best use of scarce resources in meeting their wants.

Economics is about our everyday life. How do we get our living? Why do we sometimes get more and sometimes less? Are we producing as efficiently as we could? Are we producing the “right things”? What are the “right things”? Who should decide this and why? The study of economics helps us to answer these questions.

 

1 Do school-leavers know much about economics? Why? 2 Is economics a basic discipline or an applied subject? 3 What subjects is economics similar to and how? 4 How can economics be defined? 5 Prove that economics is the science of making choices. 6 Why do people have to make choices very often? 7 What is common about all decision-making?

 

1 Read the following words and try to guess their meaning. Mind the stress!

'group -	'logical -	in'vest -	eco'nomics -
'subject -	'element -	pro'duce -	occu'pation -
'reason -	'finally -	spe'cific -	indi'vidual -
'principle -	re'source -	e'conomist -	ana'lytical -

 

2 Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:

 

an applied subject specific skill a few simple rules to derive conclusions to make a choice to take actions to meet one's wants to use intensively to interact in social groups

a b c d e f g h i

кілька простих правил прикладна дисципліна особливі уміння вживати заходів використовувати інтенсивно задовольняти потреби робити висновки взаємодіяти в соціальних групах робити вибір

 

3 Choose the correct word:

1 Economics is a... discipline.	a) basic	b) natural	c) social
2... is an applied subject.	a) history	b) accounting	c) economics
3 Mathematical tools are used in economics....	a) briefly	b) extensively	c) finally
4 Like other subjects, economics has a few... and principles.	a) rules	b) graphs	c) lines
5 Every choice involves a....	a) investment	b) cost	c) time

 

4 Complete the sentences:

1 Economics is a subject that most students encounter only briefly before they....

2 Economics is not an applied subject in which....

3 It studies people as they....

4 Economics is the science of....

5 Every choice involves....

 

5 Fill in the gaps with: interact, briefly, extensively, make, take, choices, science

 

1 Logical reasoning and mathematical tools are used in economics.... 2 Most students encounter economics only... before they begin college. 3 Economics studies people as they... in social groups. 4 Economics is the... of making.... 5 Economics is the study of the choices that people... and the actions that they....