Item 1. 1 to BE. (positive sentences)

Учебно-практическое пособие

«Грамматика английского языка»

для студентов экономико-управленческих,

финансовых, юридических

и гуманитарных специальностей

Москва 2009

автор-составитель

Евсеева А.Ю., к.э.н.

 

Учебно-практическое пособие «Грамматика английского языка» для студентов экономико-управленческих, финансовых, юридических и гуманитарных специальностей

– М.: МФЮА, 2009. – с.

 

 

Рецензенты:

Руководитель Центра высшего образования ФИРО д.п.н., профессор Тюнников Ю.С.

Старший преподаватель кафедры ИЯиПК МФЮА Ширяева Н.Н.

 

 

Рекомендовано к использованию в учебном процессе на заседании кафедры
"Иностранных языков" МФЮА

 

(протокола заседания кафедры иностранных языков № 3 от 20.12.2007 г.)

 

 

Типография Московской финансово-юридической академии

Тираж _______ экз.

 

 

ÓМФЮА, 2009

 

Contents

Contents. 3

Введение. 6

UNIT 1. TO BE.. 9

ITEM 1.1 TO BE. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) 9

ITEM 1.2. TO BE. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 11

ITEM 1.3. TO BE. (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 12

ITEM 1.4. TO BE. (EXPRESSIONS) 13

UNIT 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 14

ITEM 2.1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) 14

ITEM 2.2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 15

ITEM 2.3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 16

ITEM 2.4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. REVIEW. 16

UNIT3. PRESENT SIMPLE.. 19

ITEM 3.1. PRESENT SIMPLE. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) 19

ITEM 3.2. PRESENT SIMPLE. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 21

ITEM 3.3. PRESENT SIMPLE (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 22

ITEM 3.4. PRESENT SIMPLE. (SHORT ANSWERS) 23

ITEM 3.5. PRESENT SIMPLE. REVIEW... 24

UNIT4. PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 25

UNIT 5. DO/ MAKE.. 28

UNIT 6. HAVE AND HAVE GOT. 30

UNIT 7. FUTURE SIMPLE.. 32

ITEM 7.1. FUTURE SIMPLE. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) 32

ITEM 7.2. FUTURE SIMPLE. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 34

ITEM 7.3. FUTURE SIMPLE. (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 35

ITEM 7.4. FUTURE SIMPLE. (REVIEW) 36

UNIT 8. FUTURE SIMPLE, PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 36

UNIT 9. TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH. 39

ITEM 9.1. TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH. (PRESENT SIMPLE. POSITIVE SENTENCES) 39

ITEM 9.2. TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH (PRESENT SIMPLE. NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 40

ITEM 9.3. TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH (PRESENT SIMPLE. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 41

ITEM 9.4. TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH (PAST SIMPLE) 42

UNIT 10. FUTURE SIMPLE OR TO BE GOING TO DO SMTH.. 43

UNIT 11. MODAL VERBS. 44

ITEM 11.1. MODAL VERBS. (POSITIVE SENTENCES) 44

ITEM 11.2. MODAL VERBS. (NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 48

ITEM 11.3. MODAL VERBS. (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 52

ITEM 11.4. HAVE TO.. 53

ITEM 11.5. MODAL VERBS. REVIEW... 54

UNIT 12. TO BE (PAST SIMPLE). 56

UNIT 13. PAST SIMPLE. 57

ITEM 13.1 PAST SIMPLE (POSITIVE SENTENCES). 57

ITEM 13.2 PAST SIMPLE (NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE). 59

ITEM 13.3 PAST SIMPLE (REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS) 60

UNIT 14. THERE IS/ THERE ARE.. 62

ITEM 14.1. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. (PRESENT SIMPLE. POSITIVE SENTENCES) 62

ITEM 14.2. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. (PRESENT SIMPLE. NEGATIVE SENTENCES) 63

ITEM 14.3. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. (PRESENT SIMPLE. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES) 63

ITEM 14.4. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. (PAST SIMPLE) 64

ITEM 14.5. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. (FUTURE SIMPLE) 65

ITEM 14.6. THERE IS/ THERE ARE. REVIEW... 65

UNIT 15. PAST CONTINUOUS. 67

ITEM 15.1 PAST CONTINUOUS (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE). 67

ITEM 15.2 PAST CONTINUOUS OR PAST SIMPLE. 68

UNIT 16. PRESENT PERFECT. 69

ITEM 16.1 PRESENT PERFECT (POSITIVE). 69

ITEM 16.2 PRESENT PERFECT (NEGATIVE). 71

ITEM 16.3 PRESENT PERFECT (INTERROGATIVE). 72

ITEM 16.4 PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE. 73

UNIT 17. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. 76

ITEM 17.1 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. 76

ITEM 17.2 PRESENT PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. 77

UNIT 18 TAG QUESTIONS. 80

UNIT 19 SPECIAL QUESTIONS. 81

UNIT 20 SEQUENCE OF TENSES. 83

UNIT 21 PASSIVE VOICE.. 86

UNIT 22. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. 90

ITEM 22.1. CONDITOINAL FIRST. 90

ITEM 22.2. CONDITOINAL SECOND. 91

UNIT 23. I WISH I …... 94

ITEM 23.1. I WISH I KNEW... 94

ITEM 23.2. I WISH I WOULD DO.. 95

ITEM 23.3. I WISH I HAD DONE.. 96

UNIT 24. PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 97

UNIT 25. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 99

UNIT 26. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 101

UNIT 27. SOME OR ANY.. 102

UNIT 28. COUNTABLE/ UNCOUNTABLE.. 105

UNIT 29. SINGULAR AND PLURAL.. 108

UNIT 30. ARTICLES. 111

UNIT 31. MUCH/MANY, FEW/LITTLE, A LOT OF. 113

UNIT 32 DEGREES OF COMPARISON.. 117

ITEM 32.1 DEGREES OF COMPARISON.. 117

ITEM 32.2. DEGREES OF COMPARISON (REVIEW) 120

UNIT 33. SUPERLATIVE.. 122

UNIT 34. BELONINGS. 123

UNIT 35 PREPOSITONS. 125

UNIT 36 VERBS+PREPOSITIONS. 128

UNIT 37 VERB+VERB.. 132

ITEM 37.1 VERB+ING AND VERB+TO.. 132

ITEM 37.2. VERB+PREPOSITION+ING.. 135

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.. 136

UNIT 38 BE USED/ GET USED TO DOING SMTH.. 136

UNIT 39 I'D PREFER... OR I'D RATHER... 137

UNIT 40 USED TO DO.. 138

UNIT 41 EVERY OR ALL.. 139

UNIT 42 ALL OF/ MOST OF/ NONE OF. 142

UNIT 43 REVISION (TRANSLATION) 143

UNIT 44 TRICKY WORDS. 144

 

Введение.

 

Учебно-практическое пособие по грамматике английского языка предназначено для студентов всех специальностей нелингвистического высшего учебного заведения (первый и второй годы обучения). Пособие составлено в соответствии с концепциями, разработанными Министерством образования и науки РФ для программы «Иностранный язык».

Основная цель курса иностранного языка в неязыковом учебном заведении – подготовка всесторонне эрудированного специалиста средствами иностранного языка. Язык в процессе обучения выступает не столько как самостоятельная дисциплина, сколько как предмет, подчиненный профилирующим дисциплинам, являющийся медиумом специальных знаний в реализации образовательной профессиональной программы.

Учебно-практическая разработка предназначена для студентов, владеющих основами нормативной грамматики и имеющих определенный запас общеупотребительной лексики на базе среднешкольного образования, и направлена на углубление и совершенствование знаний студентов по грамматике. Основная цель пособия – закрепление грамматических и лексических моделей английского языка и развитие грамотности речи.

Пособие представляет собой сборник упражнений для тренировки основных грамматических явлений английского языка. При составлении пособия использовались материалы таких известных учебных пособий англоязычных авторов, как "English Grammar in Use" Raymond Murphy и "English Grammar" Collins Cobuild.

Предлагаемое пособие используется как приложение к основным учебно-методическим разработкам по английскому языку, по которым студенты занимаются на 1 и 2 курсе.

Структурно пособие представлено 44 разделами (модулями) по грамматическим темам. Некоторые разделы делятся на подразделы. В конце пособия даны упражнения на повторение всего материала (перевод с русского на английский язык), а также представлены Tricky words («хитрые», «коварные» слова). Разделы расположены не по степени возрастания сложности, поэтому сборник не нужно прорабатывать последовательно от начала и до конца. По усмотрению преподавателя порядок прохождения материала может быть изменен. Темы можно использовать выборочно и гибко, исходя из требований программы и возникающих трудностей у студентов.

Упражнения в пособии приближены к живой речи и исключают возможность механической трансформации или механические ответы. Пособие ориентировано на активизацию общеупотребительной высокочастотной лексики в личностно-значимых коммуникативных упражнениях, функциональность которых обеспечена содержанием конкретных речевых образцов в примерах грамматически- правильного оформления высказываний.

В развертывании содержания всего учебного пособия и каждой грамматической темы соблюдаются дидактические принципы доступности, сознательности, прочности. Задания разделов последовательно располагаются с учетом нарастания их сложности. Такая организация учебного материала способствует более глубокому осознанию правил оформления языковых единиц. Дифференцированный характер заданий позволяет учащимся с разными уровнями языковой подготовки выбрать свой темп освоения материала. Прочное овладение материалом достигается за счет многократной отработки изучаемого явления в разнообразных упражнениях и специально организованных заданиях на закрепление пройденного материала в конце каждого раздела. Систематизация изученных явлений производится в итоговом разделе пособия, предлагающем задания высшего уровня сложности, в которых учащимся необходимо применить полученные знания для передачи заданного содержания средствами иностранного языка.

UNIT 1. TO BE

UNIT 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

UNIT3. PRESENT SIMPLE

UNIT 5. DO/ MAKE

Exercise 1. Put in make or do

 

1. an enquiry

2. an offer

3. a reguest

4. money

5. an appointment

6. a complaint

7. a decision

8. a forecast

9. progress

10. an effort

11. certain or sure

12. an application

13. a deal

14. an excuse

15. a profit or a loss

16. arrangements or plans

17. an apology

18. achoice

19. a mistake

20. a phone call

21. an attempt

22. а business trip

23. changes, or an improvement

24. business

25. a job

26. an exercise

27. good

28. the accounts

29. an experiment

30. well, or better

31. damage or harm

32. some work

33. homework

34. wrong

35. your duty

36. research

37. someone a favour

38. repairs

39. something to, or for, or with someone

40. something for a living

 

Exercise 2. Put in make/making/made or do/doing/did/done.

 

1. 'Shall I open the window?' 'No, it’s OK. I'll do it.'

2. What did you … at the weekend? Did you go away?

3. Do you know how to …bread?

4. Paper is … from wood.

5. Richard didn't help me. He sat in an armchair and … nothing.

6. 'What do you …?' 'I'm a doctor.'

7. I asked you to clean the bathroom. Have you … it?

8. 'What do they … in that factory?' 'Shoes.'

9. I'm … some coffee. Would you like some?

10. Why are you angry with me? I didn't … anything wrong.

11. 'What are you … tomorrow afternoon?' 'I'm working.'

 

Exercise 3. Put in make or do in the correct form.

 

1. I hate doing housework, especially cleaning.

2. Why do you always…… the same mistake?

3. 'Can you……me a favour?' 'It depends what it is.'

4. 'Have you……your homework?' 'Not yet.'

5. I need to see the dentist but I haven't……an appointment.

6. I'm……a course in photography at the moment. It's very good.

7. The last time I……an exam was ten years ago.

8. When you've finished Exercise 1, you can……Exercise 2.

9. There's something wrong with the car. The engine is……a strange noise.

10. It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake I've ever …

11. Let's……a list of all the things we have to……today.

 

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

 

1. На следующей неделе я сдаю экзамен по вождению.

2. Моя сестра собирается за покупками.

3. Я собираюсь сделать мой знаменитый яблочный пирог.

4. Что это создает такой шум?

5. В каком году был сделан этот фильм?

6. Мой дедушка бегает по утрам и делает гимнастику вот уже 10 лет.

7. Если я не составлю список продуктов, то обязательно забуду что-нибудь купить.

8. Твой младший брат уже сделал свою домашнюю работу?

9. Что эти люди там делают?

10. Чем занимается твой брат? (какая у него профессия?)

UNIT 6. HAVE AND HAVE GOT

Exercise 1. Put in the correct form of have or have got.

 

1. I didn’t have time to do the shopping yesterday. (I / not / have)

2. 'Has Lisa got (OR Does Lisa have) a car?' 'No, she can't drive.' (Lisa / have?)

3. He can't open the door …… a key. (he / not / have)

4. ……a cold last week. He's better now. (George / have)

5. What's wrong? …… headache? (you / have?)

6. We wanted to go by taxi but we …… enough money. (we / not / have)

7. Liz is very busy. …… much free time. (she / not / have)

8. …… any problems when you were on holiday? (you / have?)

 

Exercise 2. Write questions using two schemas for each sentence (Do you have…? and Have you got……?).

 

1. (you / an umbrella?)

2. (you / a passport?)

3. (your father / a car?)

4. (Carol / many friends?)

5. (you / any brothers or sisters?)

6. (how much money / we?)

7. (what / kind of car / Julia?)

 

Exercise 3. Put in have got ('ve got), has got ('s got), haven't got or hasn't got.

 

1. Sarah …… a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle.

2. They like animals. They …… three dogs and two cats.

3. Charles isn't happy. He……a lot of problems.

4. They don't read much. They……many books.

5. 'What's wrong?' 'I……something in my eye.'

6. 'Where's my pen?' 'I don't know. I……it.'

7. Julia wants to go to the concert but she……a ticket.

 

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven't/hasn't got + one of these:

a lot of friends four wheels six legs a toothache a key much time a headache a garden

1. I'm not feeling very well. I've got a ……

2. It's a nice house but it hasn't got ……

3. Most cars ……

4. Everybody likes Tom. He ……

5. I'm going to the dentist this morning. I ……

6. He can't open the door. He ……

7. An insect ……

8. We must hurry. We ……

 

Exercise 5. What can people do? Write sentences with the words:

a rest a cup of tea a bath breakfast dinner a nice time

Exercise 6. Write negative sentences with have. Some are present (can't) and some are past (couldn't).

 

1. I can't make a phone call. (any change) I haven't got any change.

2. I couldn't read the notice. (my glasses) I didn't have my glasses.

3. I can't climb up onto the roof. (a ladder)

4. We couldn't visit the museum. (enough time)

5. He couldn't find his way to our house. (a map)

6. She can't pay her bills. (any money)

7. They can't get into the house. (a key)

8. I couldn't take any photographs. (a camera)

 

Exercise 7. Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past.

 

1. Excuse me, have you got a pen I could borrow?

2. Why are you holding your face like that? …… a toothache?

3. …… a bicycle when you were a child?

4. '…… the time, please?' 'Yes, it's ten past seven.'

5. When you did the exam…… time to answer all the questions?

6. I need a stamp for this letter …… one?

7. 'It started to rain while I was walking home.' 'Did it? …… an umbrella?' ……

 

Exercise 8. In this exercise you have to write sentences about yourself. Choose four of the following things (or you can choose something else):

a car a bicycle a moped a guitar a computer a camera a driving licence a job a dog / a cat (or another animal)

 

Have you got these things now? Did you have them ten years ago? Write two sentences each time using I've got /1 haven't got and I had /1 didn't have.

now

ten years ago (or five if you're too young)

 

1 I've got a car. I didn't have a car.

 

Exercise 9. Complete these sentences. Use an expression from the list and put the verb into the correct form where necessary.

have a lunch

have a nice time

have a chat

have a cigarette

have a rest

have a good flight

have a baby

have a swim

have a shower

have a party

have a look

1. I don't eat much during the day. I never have lunch.

2. David likes to keep fit, so he……everyday.

3. We……last Saturday. It was great - we invited lots of people.

4. Excuse me, can I……at your newspaper, please?

5. 'Where's Jim?' 'He……in his room. He's very tired.'

6. I met Ann in the supermarket yesterday. We stopped and……

7. I haven't seen you since you came back from holiday……?

8. Suzanne……a few weeks ago. It's her second child.

9. I don't usually smoke but I was feeling very nervous, so I

10. The phone rang but I couldn't answer it because I……

11. You meet Tom at the airport. He has just arrived. You say:
Hello, Tom……?

 

Exercise 10. What do you say in these situations?

 

1. Ann is going on holiday. What do you say to her before she goes? Have a nice holiday!

2. You meet Claire at the airport. She has just got off her plane. Ask her about the flight. Did you have a good flight?

3. Tom is going on a long journey. What do you say to him before he leaves?

4. It's Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her weekend.

5. Paul has just come home after playing tennis with a friend. Ask him about the game.

6. Rachel is going out for a meal tonight. What do you say to her before she goes?

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list.

an accident a glass of water a look a walk a party something to eat

1. We had a party a few weeks ago. We invited fifty people.

2. 'Shall we……?' 'No, I'm not hungry'.

3. I was thirsty, so I……

4. I like to get up early and……before breakfast.

5. Tina is a very good driver. She has never……

6. There's something wrong with the engine of my car. Can you ……at it?

UNIT 7. FUTURE SIMPLE

UNIT 11. MODAL VERBS

ITEM 11.4. HAVE TO

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:

do read speak wear travel

 

1. My eyes are not very good. I have to …… glasses.

2. At the end of the course all the students……a test.

3. Mary is studying literature. She……a lot of books.

4. Albert doesn't understand much English. You……very slowly to him.

5. Kate is not often at home. She……a lot in her job.

 

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:

answer buy walk change go

1. We had to walk home last night. There were no buses.

2. It's late. I……now. I'll see you tomorrow.

3. I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I……some food.

4. This train doesn't go all the way to London. You……at Bristol.

5. We did an exam yesterday. We……six questions out of ten.

 

Exercise 3. Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.

 

1. George had to wait a long time. How long ……?

2. Liz has to go somewhere. Where ……?

3. I had to translate it myself. Who ……?

4. They have to meet my parents. Who ……?

5. My sister has to leave early. What time ……?

6. I have to get up early tomorrow. What time……?

7. We had to pay a lot of. How much ……?

 

Exercise 4. Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to....

 

1. Why are you going out? You ……

2. Why is Ann waiting? She ……

3. Why did you get up early? You ……

4. Why is Paul working so hard? He ……

5. Why do you want to leave now? You ……

6. Why do you work alone? You ……

7. Why does he speak to her? He ……

8. Why are you watching TV? You ……

9. Why is she going to the cinema? She ……

10. Why are you talking on the phone? You ……

UNIT 13. PAST SIMPLE.

UNIT 15. PAST CONTINUOUS.

UNIT 16. PRESENT PERFECT.

UNIT 18 TAG QUESTIONS

Exercise 1.. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.

 

Tom won't be late, ……? You're tired,……? You've got a camera,……? You weren't listening,……? Sue doesn't know Ann,……? Jack's on holiday,……? Ann's applied for the job,…...? You can speak German,……? … He won't mind if I use his phone, ……? There are a lot of people here,……? Let's go out tonight,……? This isn't very interesting,……? I'm too impatient,……? You wouldn't tell anyone, ……? Listen, …...? I shouldn't have lost my temper, ……? Don't drop that vase, ……? He'd never met her before, ……?

No, he's never late. Yes, a little. Yes, why? Do you want to borrow it? Yes, I was! No, they've never met. Yes, he's in Portugal. Yes, but she won't get it. Yes, but not very fluently. No, of course he won't. Yes, more than I expected. Yes, let's. No, not very. Yes, you are sometimes. No, of course not. OK, I'm listening. No, but never mind. No, don't worry. No, that was the first time.

 

Exercise 2. Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation you are asking your friend to agree with you.

 

1. You look out of the window. The sky is blue and the sun is shining. What do you say to your friend? (beautiful day) It's a beautiful day, isn't it?

2. You're with a friend outside a restaurant. You're looking at the prices, which are very high. What do you say? (expensive) It……

3. You've just come out of the cinema with a friend. You really enjoyed the film. What do you say to your friend? (great) The film……

4. You and a friend are listening to a woman singing. You like her voice very much. What do you say to your friend? (a lovely voice) She……

5. You are trying on a jacket. You look in the mirror and you don't like what you see. What do you say to your friend? (not / look / very good) It……

6. Your friend's hair is much shorter than when you last met. What do you say to her/him? (have / your hair / cut) You……

7. You and a friend are walking over a wooden bridge. It is very old and some parts are broken. What do you say? (not / very safe) This bridge……

 

Exercise 3. In these situations you are asking for information and asking people to do things. Make sentences.

 

13. You need a pen. Perhaps Jane has got one. Ask her. ……Jane, you……?

14. Jack is just going out. You want him to get you some stamps. Ask him. Jack, you……?

15. You're looking for Ann. Perhaps Kate knows where she is. Ask her. Kate, you……?

16. You need a bicycle pump. Perhaps Helen has got one. Ask her. Helen, you ……?

17. You're looking for your keys. Perhaps Robin has seen them. Ask him. Robin, you ……?

UNIT 19 SPECIAL QUESTIONS

Exercise 1. Write questions with what.

 

I've got a new TV set. I want a job. I've got a new sweater. I got up early this morning. I like music. I want to buy a car.

(make?) What make is it? (kind?) What kind of job do you want? (colour?) What …… (time?) ……get up? (type?) …… (kind?) ……

 

Exercise 2. Put in what/which/who.

 

1. What is that man's name?

2. …… way shall we go? Left or right?

3. …… is more expensive, meat or fish?

4. …… is your favourite sport?

5. You can have tea or coffee……do you prefer?

6. …… is older, Ann or George?

7. …… kind of camera have you got?

8. …… nationality are you?

9. '……day is it today?' 'Friday'

10. A: Mary has got three cameras. B: …… camera does she use most?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).

How high is Mount Everest? ……is it to the station? …...is Helen? ……do the buses run? …...is the water in the pool? ……have you lived here?

Nearly 9000 metres. It's about two kilometres from here She’s 26. Every ten minutes. Two metres. Nearly three years.

 

Exercise 4. Write questions with How...?

 

1. Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80? How tall are you?

2. Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three?

3. Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?

4. Did you spend £10? £15? £20?

5. Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never?

6. Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?

 

Exercise 5. Ask Jane questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)

 

(where / from?) Where are you from? (where / live / now?) Where (married?)…… (how long / married?)…… (children?)…… (how old /they?)…… (what / husband / do?)…… (he / enjoy his job?)ю…… (arrest anyone yesterday?)…… (how often / go / on holiday?)…… (where / next year?)…...

From London originally. In Manchester. Yes. 12 years. Yes, three boys. 4, 7 and 9. He's a policeman. Yes, very much. I don't know. Usually once a year. We don't know yet.

 

Exercise 6. Make questions with who or what.

Somebody hit me. I hit somebody. Somebody gave me the key. Something happened. Diane told me something. This book belongs to somebody. Somebody lives in that house. I fell over something. Something fell on the floor. This word means something. I borrowed the money from somebody. I'm worried about something.

Who hit you? Who did you hit? Who…… What …… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……

 

Exercise 7. Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.

 

1. (when / was / built / this house) When was this house built?

2. (how / cheese / is / made)……

3. (when / invented / the computer / was)……

4. (why / Sue / working / isn't / today) ……

5. (what time / coming / your friends / are) ……

6. (why / was / cancelled / the concert) ……

7. (where / your mother / was / born)……

8. (why / you / to the party / didn't / come)……

9. (how / the accident / did / happen)……

10. (why / this machine / doesn't / work) ……

 

Exercise 8. Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised.

 

1. A: We won't see Ann this evening.

B: Why not? (she / not / come / to the party?) Isn't she coming to the party?

2. A: I hope we don't meet Brian tonight.

B: Why? (you / not / like / him?)……

3. A: Don't go and see that film.

B: Why not? (it / not / good)……

4. A: I'll have to borrow some money.

B: Why? (you / not / have /any?)……

UNIT 20 SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Exercise 1. Read what these people say and write sentences with Не/She /They said (that)....

1. I've lost my watch. He said he had lost his watch.

2. I'm very busy. ……

3. I have to go out. ……

4. I can't go to the party ……

5. I'm learning Russian. ……

6. I don't feel very well. ……

7. We'll be home late. ……

8. I've just come back from holiday. ……

9. I'm going to buy a computer. ……

10. We haven't got a key. ……

 

Exercise 2. Put in say/said or tell/told.

 

1. He said he was tired.

2. What did she tell you?

3. Ann she didn't like Peter.

4. Jack me that you were ill.

5. Please don't …Jim what happened.

6. Did Lucy……she would be late?

7. The woman……she was a reporter.

8. The woman……us she was a reporter.

9. They asked me a lot of questions but I didn't …… them anything.

10. They asked me a lot of questions but I didn't ……anything.

 

Exercise 3. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:

 

1. I'm living in London now.

2. My father isn't very well.

3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.

4. Margaret has had a baby.

5. I don't know what Fred is doing.

6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.

7. I haven't seen Diane recently.

8. I'm not enjoying my job very much.

9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.

10. My car was stolen a few weeks ago.

11. I want to go on holiday but I can't afford it.

12. I'll tell Ann I saw you.

 

Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.

 

1. Charlie said that he was living in London now.

2. He said that……

3. He……

4. ……

5. ……

6. ……

7. ……

8. ……

9. ……

10. ……

11. ……

12. ……

 

Exercise 4. Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said before. Write a suitable answer beginning I thought you said....

 

1. A: That restaurant is expensive.

B: Is it? I thought you said it was cheap.

2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.

B: Is she? I thought you said she ……

3. A: Ann likes Paul.

B: Does she? I thought ……

4. A: I know lots of people.

B: Do you? I thought you said you,…..

5. A: I'll be here next week.

B: Will you? ……

6. A: I'm going out this evening.

В: Are you?......

7. A: I can speak a little French.

B: Can you?......

8. A: I haven't been to the cinema for ages.

B: Haven't you? ……

 

Exercise 5. Here are some things that Ann said to you:

 

1. I've never been to the United States.

2. I can't drive.

3. Jane is a friend of mine.

4. I’m working tomorrow evening.

5. Jane has a very well-paid job.

6. I don't have any brothers or sisters.

7. Dave is lazy.

8. I don’t like fish.

 

But later Ann says something different to you. What do you say?

Dave works very hard. Let's have fish for dinner. I'm going to buy a car. Jane is always short of money. My sister lives in London. I think New York is a fantastic place. Let's go out tomorrow evening. I've never spoken to Jane.

But you said he was lazy. …… …… …… …… ……   …… ……

 

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.

 

1. Ann said goodbye to me and left.

2. …… us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?

3. Don't just stand there!......something!

4. I wonder where Sue is. She……she would be here at 8 o'clock.

5. Jack……me that he was fed up with his job.

6. The doctor……that I should rest for at least a week.

7. Don't……anybody what I……It's a secret just between us.

8. 'Did she……you what happened?' 'No, she didn't……anything to me.'

9. George couldn't help me. He…...me to ask Kate.

10. George couldn't help me. He……to ask Kate.

 

Exercise 7. The following sentences are direct speech:

 

1. Don't wait for me if I'm late.

2. Please slow down.

3. Hurry up!

4. Can you open your bag, please?

5. Don’t worry, Sue.

6. Will you marry me?

7. Mind your own business.

8. Could you repeat what you said, please?

9. Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?

 

Now choose one of these to complete each sentence below. Use reported speech.

 

1. Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up.

2. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked……

3. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told......

4. I couldn't move the piano alone, so I……

5. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and……

6. I had difficulty understanding him, so I……

7. I didn't want to delay Ann, so I……

8. John was very much in love with Mary, so he……

9. He started asking me personal questions, so……

UNIT 21 PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise 1. Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.

 

1. (the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned every day.

2. (these rooms / clean / every day?) Are these rooms cleaned every day?

3. ('glass / make / from sand) Glass ……

4. (stamps / sell / in a post office) ……

5. (this room / not / use / very often) ……

6. (we / allow / to park here?) ……

7. (how / this word / pronounce?) ……

 

Sentences 8-15 are past.

 

8. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday.

9. (the house / paint / last month) The house ……

10. (three people / injure / in the accident) ……

11. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) ……

12. (when / this bridge / build?) ……

13. (you / invite / to the party last week?) ……

14. (how / these windows / break?) ……

15. (I / not / wake up / by the noise) ……

Exercise 2. Correct these sentences.

 

1. (This house built) 100 years ago. This house was built 100 years ago.

2. Football plays in most countries of the world

3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address?

4. A garage is a place where cars repair

5. Where are you born?

6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?

7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen

8. When was invented the bicycle?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:

clean damage find give invite make make show steal take

 

1. The room is cleaned every day.

2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital.

3. Paper …… from wood.

4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms …….

5. 'Where did you get this picture?' 'It …… to me by a friend of mine.'

6. Many American programmes …… on British television.

7. 'Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They …… but they didn't go.'

8. 'How old is this film?' 'It …… in 1965.'

9. My car …… last week but the next day it …… by the police.

 

 

Exercise 4. Where were they born?

 

1. (Ian / Edinburgh) Ian was born in Edinburgh.

2. (Sally / Birmingham) Sally ……

3. (her parents / Ireland) Her ……

4. (you/???) I ……

5. (your mother /???) …...

Exercise 5. Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences.

 

1. I can't use my office at the moment. It is being painted (paint).

2. We didn't go to the party. We weren't invited (not/invite).

3. The washing machine was broken but it's OK now. It……(repair).

4. The washing machine……(repair) yesterday afternoon.

5. A factory is a place where things……(make).

6. How old are these houses? When……(they/build)?.

7. A: ……(the computer / use) at the moment?

B: Yes, Jim is using it.

8. I've never seen these flowers before. What……(they/call)?

9. Some trees……(blow) down in the storm last night.

10. The bridge is closed at the moment. It…… (damage) last week and it……(not/repair) yet.

 

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:

cause damage hold include invite make overtake show translate write

1. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

2. Cheese……from milk.

3. The roof of the building……in a storm a few days ago.

4. There's no need to leave a tip. Service……in the bill.

5. You……to the wedding. Why didn't you go?

6. A cinema is a place where films……

7. In the United States, elections for President……every four years.

8. Originally the book……in Spanish and a few years ago it into English.

9. We were driving along quite fast but we……by lots of other cars.

Exercise 7. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.

 

1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?) When was the telephone invented?
2. Ask about glass. (how/make?) How……
3. Ask about Australia. (when/discover?) ……
4. Ask about silver. (what/use for?) ……
5. Ask about television. (when/invent?) ……

Exercise 8. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.

 

1. It's a big factory. Five hundred people are employed (employ) there.

2. Water……(cover) most of the Earth's surface.

3. Most of the Earth's surface……(cover) by water.

4. The park gates……(lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5. The letter……(post) a week ago and it……(arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat……(sink) quickly but fortunately everybody……(rescue).

7. Ron's parents……(die) when he was very young. He and his sister……(bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I……(grow) up in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera……(steal) from my hotel room.

10. While I was on holiday, my camera……(disappear) from my hotel room.

11. Why……(Sue/resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?

12. Why……(Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13. The company is not independent. It……(own) by a much larger company.

14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody……(call) an ambulance but Nobody……(injure) so the ambulance……(not/need).

15. Where……(these photographs/take)? In London? …… (you/take) them?

Exercise 9. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. write a passive sentence.

 

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned everyday.

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All……

3. People don't use this road very often……

4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I……

5. How do people learn languages? How……

6. People advised us not to go out alone……

Exercise 10. What do these words mean? Use it can... or it can't.... Use a dictionary if necessary.

 

If something is

1. washable, it can be washed

2. unbreakable, it……

3. edible, it……

4. unusable,……

5. invisible,……

6. portable,……

Exercise 11. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

carry cause do make repair send spend wake up

Sometimes you need have ('might have', 'could have' etc.).

 

1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

2. I haven't received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

3. A decision will not……until the next meeting.

4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to……at 6.30 the next morning.

5. Do you think that less money should……on armaments?

6. This road is in very bad condition. It should……a long time ago.

7. The injured man couldn't walk and had to……

8. It's not certain how the fire started but it might……by an electrical fault.

 

Exercise 12. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.

 

1. Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned.

2. They have postponed the concert. The……

3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer……

4. I didn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation.

I didn't realise that……

5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game.

When we got to the stadium, we found that……

6. They are building a new ring road round the city.

……

7. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

……

 

Exercise 13. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive. (This exercise also includes the past simple)

 

1. There's somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow) I think we're being followed.

2. This room looks different. (you/ paint?) Have you painted it?

3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It……

4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody……

5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) ……

6. Ann can't use her office at the moment, (it / redecorate) ……

7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)……

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people / arrest / last night)……

9. A tree was lying across the road. (it / blow down / in the storm)……

10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody / see / since then)……

11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?) ……

 

Exercise 14. When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year.)

Beethoven Galileo Elvis Presley 1452 1869 1929

Agatha Christie Mahatma Gandhi Leonardo da Vinci 1564 1891 1935

Walt Disney Martin Luther King William Shakespeare 1770 1901

1. Walt Disney was born in 1901.

2. ……

3. ……

4. ……

5. ……

6. ……

7. And you? I ……

 

Exercise 15. Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.

 

1. They didn't give me the money. I wasn't given the money.

2. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview. I……

3. Janet's colleagues gave her a present when she retired. Janet……

4. Nobody told me that George was ill. I wasn't……

5. How much will they pay you? How much will you……

6. I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom……

7. Has anybody shown you what to do? Have you……

 

Exercise 16. Complete the sentences using get/got + one of these verbs (in the correct form):

ask break damage hurt pay steal sting stop use

1. There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.

2. Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

3. How did that window……?

4. These tennis courts don't……very often. Not many people want to play.

5. I used to have a bicycle but it……

6. Last night I……by the police as I was driving home.

7. How much did you……last month?

8. Please pack these things very carefully. I don't want them to……

9. People often want to know what my job is. I often……that question.

ITEM 23.1. I WISH I KNEW

Exercise 1. Put the verb into the correct form.

 

1. If I knew his number, I would phone him. (know)

2. I wouldn't buy that coat if I were you. (not/buy)

3. I……you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't. (help)

4. We would need a car if we……in the country. (live)

5. If we had the choice, we……in the country. (live)

6. This soup isn't very good. It……better if it wasn't so salty. (taste)

7. I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather……better. (be)

8. If I were you, I……(not/wait). I……now. (go)

9. You're always tired. If you……to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the time. (not/go)

10. I think there are too many cars. If there……so many cars (not/be), There……so much pollution. (not/be)

Exercise 2. Write a sentence with If... for each situation.

 

1. We don't visit you very often because you live so far away.

If you didn't live so far a way, we'd visit you more often.

2. He doesn't speak very clearly - that's why people don't understand him.

If he……more, people……

3. That book is too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it.

If the book……, I……

4. We don't go out very often because we can't afford it.

……

5. It's raining, so we can't have lunch in the garden.

……

6. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can't meet you.

……

Exercise 3. Write sentences beginning I wish....

 

1. I don't know many people (and I'm lonely) I wish I knew more people.

2. I don't have a key (and I need one). I wish ……

3. Ann isn't here (and I need to see her)……

4. It's cold (and I hate cold weather)……

5. I live in a big city (and I don't like it)……

6. I can't go to the party (and I'd like to)……

7. I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed)……

8. I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down).……

9. I'm not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that's a pity).……

 

Exercise 4. Write your own sentences beginning I wish....

 

1. (somewhere you'd like to be now - on the beach, in New York, in bed etc.)

I wish I……

2. (something you'd like to have - a computer, a job, lots of money etc.)

……

3. (something you'd like to be able to do - sing, speak a language, fly etc.)

……

4. (something you'd like to be - beautiful, strong, rich etc.)

……

UNIT 24. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Exercise 1. Write down all the personal pronouns in the nominative and the objective case (in English).

 

Exercise 2. Finish the sentences with him/her/them.

 

1. I don't know those girls. Do you know them?

2. I don't know that man. Do you know?

3. I don't know those people. Do you know?

4. I don't know David's wife. Do you know?

5. I don't know Mr Stevens. Do you know?

6. I don't know Sarah's parents. Do you know?

7. I don't know the woman in the black coat. Do you know ……?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences. Use I/me/you/she/her etc.

 

1. I want to see her but she doesn't want to see me.

2. They want to see me but …… don't want to see ……

3. She wants to see him but …… doesn't want to see …...

4. We want to see them but …… don't want to see ……

5. He wants to see us but …… don't want to see ……

6. They want to see her but …… doesn't want to see ……

7. I want to see them but …… don't want to see ……

8. You want to see her but …… doesn't want to see......

Exercise 4. Write sentences beginning I like..., I don't like... or Do you like...?

 

1. I don't eat tomatoes. I don’t like them.

2. George is a very nice man. I like……

3. This jacket isn't very nice. I don’t……

4. This is my new car. Do ……?

5. Mrs Clark is not very friendly. I……

6. These are my new shoes ……?

 

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences. Use I/me/he/him etc.

 

1. Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?

2. 'Do you know that man?' 'Yes, I work with ……

3. Where are the tickets? I can't find……

4. I can't find my keys. Where are……?

5. We're going out. You can come with……

6. Margaret likes music……plays the piano.

7. I don't like dogs. I'm afraid of……

8. I'm talking to you. Please listen to……

9. Where is Ann? I want to talk to……

10. My brother has a new job……doesn't like……very much.

 

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences.

 

1. I want that book. Can you give it to me?

2. He wants the key. Can you give ……

3. She wants the keys. Can you……

4. I want that letter. Can you ……

5. They want the money. Can you ……

6. We want the photographs. Can you ……

 

Exercise 7. Finish these sentences in the same way.

 

1. We invited her to stay with us at our house.

2. He invited us to stay with……house.

3. They invited me to stay with……house.

4. I invited them……

5. She invited us……

6. Did you invite him ……?

UNIT 27. SOME OR ANY

Exercise 1. Put in some or any.

 

1. I'm going to the post office. I need …… stamp.

2. There aren't……shops in this part of town.

3. George and Alice haven't got …… children.

4. Have you got ….. brothers or sisters?

5. There are ……beautiful flowers in the garden.

6. Do you know …… good hotels in London?

7. 'Would you like …… tea?' 'Yes, please.'

8. When we were on holiday, we visited …… very interesting places.

9. Don't buy…… rice. We don't need …….

10. I went out to buy …… milk but they didn't have …… in the shop.

11. I'm thirsty. Can I have …… water, please.

12. I bought ……cheese but I didn’t buy …… bread.

 

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:

air cheese champoo letters photographs batteries friends languages milk help

 

1. I want to wash my hair. Is there any ……?

2. This evening I'm going to write……

3. I haven't got my camera, so I can't take……

4. Do you speak……foreign……?

5. Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with……of mine.

6. Can I have……in my coffee, please?

7. The radio isn't working. There aren't……in it.

8. It's hot in this office. I'm going out for…… fresh……

9. 'Would you like……?' 'No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.'

10. I can do this job alone. I don't need……

 

Exercise 3. Put in something/somebody/anything/anybody.

 

1. She said ……to me but I didn't understand it.

2. 'What's wrong?' 'There's……in my eye.'

3. Do you know……about politics?

4. I went to the shop but I didn't buy……

5. ……has broken the window. I don't know who.

6. There isn't……in the bag. It's empty.

7. I’m looking for my keys. Has……seen them?

8. Would you like…… to drink?

9. I didn't eat……because I wasn't hungry.

10. This is a secret. Please don't tell……

 

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences. Use some or any.

 

1. Ann didn't take any photographs but …… (I/take)

2. 'Where's your luggage?' …… (I/not/have)

3. 'Do you need any money?' 'No, thank you……' (I/have)

4. 'Can you lend me some money?' 'I'm sorry but……' (I/not/have)

5. The tomatoes in the shop didn't look very good, so…… (I/not/buy)

6. There were some nice oranges in the shop, so…… (I/buy)

 

Exercise 5. Put in no or any.

 

1. There's ……sugar in your coffee.

2. My brother is married but he hasn't got ……children.

3. Sue doesn't speak …… foreign languages.

4. I'm afraid there's …… coffee. Would you like some tea?

5. 'Look at those birds!' 'Birds? Where? I can’t see …… birds’.

6. 'Do you know where Jane is?' 'No, I've got …… idea.’

 

Exercise 6. Put in no, any or none.

 

1. There aren't pictures on the wall.

2. The weather was cold but there was …… wind.

3. I wanted to buy some oranges but they didn't have …… in the shop.

4. Everything was correct. There were …… mistakes.

5. 'How much luggage have you got?' '……'

6. 'How much luggage have you got?' 'I haven't got …….'

 

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences. Use any or no + one of these words:

answer difference film friends furniture heating money photographs questions problems

 

1. Everything was OK. There were ……

2. They want to go on holiday but they've got……

3. I'm not going to answer…….

4. He's always alone. He's got……

5. There is……between these two machines. They're exactly the same.

6. There wasn't……in the room. It was completely empty.

7. I tried to phone you yesterday but there was……

8. The house is cold because there isn't……

9. I can't take……There's……in the camera.

 

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences. Use nobody/no one/nothing/anybody/anyone/ anything.

 

1. That house is empty…… lives there.

2. Jack has a bad memory. He can't remember ……:

3. Be quiet! Don't say……

4. I didn't know about the meeting……told me.

5. 'What did you have to eat?' '…… I wasn't hungry.'

6. I didn't eat……I wasn't hungry.

7. Jenny was sitting alone. She wasn't with ……

8. I'm afraid I can't help you. There's……I can do.

9. I don't know……about car engines.

10. The museum is free. It doesn't cost …… to go in.

11. I heard a knock on the door but when I opened it there was …… there.

12. She spoke very fast. I didn't understand

13. 'What are you doing this evening?' '…… Why?'

14. Helen has gone away. ……knows where she is. She didn't tell……where she was going.

 

Exercise 9. Put in somebody/anything/nowhere etc.

 

1. It's dark. I can't see ……

2. Tom lives …… near London.

3. Do you know……about computers?

4. 'Listen!' 'What? I can't hear……'

5. 'What are you doing here?' 'I'm waiting for……'

6. Please listen carefully. There's……I want to tell you.

7. 'Did……see the accident?' 'No,……

8. We weren't hungry, so we didn't eat……

9. 'What's going to happen?' 'I don't know. ……knows.'

10. 'Do you know……in London?' 'Yes, a few people.'

11. 'What's in that cupboard?' '…… It's empty.'

12. I'm looking for my glasses. I can't find them……

13. I don't like cold weather. I want to live……warm.

14. Is there……interesting on television tonight?

15. Have you ever met……famous?

 

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences with some or any.

 

1. We didn't buy any flowers.

2. This evening I'm going out with……friends of mine.

3. 'Have you seen……good films recently?' 'No, I haven't been to the cinema for ages.'

4. I didn't have……money, so I had to borrow……

5. Can I have ……milk in