Item 17. 2 present present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

Exercise 1. Put the verb in the right form

 

1. I washed my hands because they were dirty. (wash)

2. Somebody has broken this window. (break)

3. I feel good. I …… very well last night. (sleep)

4. We……a very good film yesterday. (see)

5. It……a lot while we were on holiday. (rain)

6. I've……my bag. (lose) Have you …… it? (see)

7. Rosa's bicycle was …… last week. (steal)

8. I……to bed early because I was tired. (go)

9. Have you …… your work yet? (finish)

10. The shopping centre was ……bout 20 years ago. (build)

11. Ann……to drive when she was 18. (learn)

12. I've never …… a horse. (ride)

13. Julia is a good friend of mine. I've…… her for a long time. (know)

14. Yesterday I …… and …… my leg. (fall / hurt)

 

Exercise 2. Complete these sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb into the correct form.

cost drive fly wake up win MAKE meet sell speak swim tell think

 

1. I have made some coffee. Would you like some?

2. Have you …… John about your new job?

3. We played basketball on Sunday. We didn't play very well but we ……

4. I know Gary but I've never ……his wife.

5. We were …… by loud music in the middle of the night.

6. Stephanie jumped into the river and …… to the other side.

7. 'Did you like the film?' 'Yes, I …… it was very good.'

8. Many different languages are …… in the Philippines.

9. Our holiday …… a lot of money because we stayed in an expensive hotel.

10. Have you ever ……a very fast car?

11. All the tickets for the concert were …… very quickly.

12. A bird……in through the open window while we were having our dinner.

 

Exercise 3. Which is right?

 

1. Mark -is-/ has been in Canada since April. has been is right

2. Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her very well.

3. Jane is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her for a long time.

4. 'Sorry I'm late. How long are you / have you been waiting?' 'Not long. Only five minutes.'

5. Martin works / has -worked in a hotel now. He likes his job very much.

6. Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been reading it for two hours.

7. "How long do you live / have you lived in this house?' 'About ten years.'

8. 'Is that a new coat?' 'No, I have / I've had this coat for a long time.'

9. Tom is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / has been there for the last three days.

Exercise 4. Read the situations and write two sentences using the words in brackets.

 

1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.

(read / for two hours) He has been reading for two hours.

(read / 53 pages so far) He has read 53 pages so far.

2. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago.

(travel / for three months) She……

(visit / six countries so far) ……

3. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is national champion again - for the fourth time.

(win / the national championship four times)……

(play / tennis since he was ten)……

4. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films.

(make / ten films since they left college) They……

(make / films since they left college)……

Exercise 5. For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.

 

1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:

(how long / learn / Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask:

(how long/wait?)

3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:

(how many fish / catch?)

4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:

(how many people / invite?)

5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:

(how long/teach?)

6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:

(how many books / write?)

(how long / write / books?)

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask:

(how long / save?)

(how much money/ save?)

Exercise 6. Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done etc.) or continuous (I have been doing etc.).

 

1. Where have you been? Have you been playing (you/play) tennis?

2. Look! Somebody……(break) that window.

3. You look tired……(you/work) hard?

4. '……(you/ever/work) in a factory?' 'No, never.'

5. 'Jane is away on holiday.' 'Oh, is she? Where……(she/go)?

6. My brother is an actor. He……(appear) in several films.

7. 'Sorry I'm late.' 'That's all right. I……(not/wait) long.'

8. 'Is it still raining?' 'No, it……(stop).'

9. I……(lose) my address book……(you/see) it anywhere?

10. I……(read) the book you lent me but I……(not/finish) it yet.

11. I……(read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

 

Exercise 7. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them if they are wrong.

 

1. Bob is a friend of mine. I know him very well. RIGHT

2. Bob is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time. WRONG: I've known him

3. Sue and Alan are married since July.

4. The weather is awful. It's raining again.

5. The weather is awful. It's raining all day.

6. I like your house. How long are you living there?

7. Graham is working in a shop for the last few months.

8. I'm going to Paris tomorrow. I'm staying there until next Friday.

9. 'Do you still smoke?' 'No, I gave it up. I don't smoke for years.'

10. That's a very old bicycle. How long do you have it?

UNIT 18 TAG QUESTIONS

Exercise 1.. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences.

 

Tom won't be late, ……? You're tired,……? You've got a camera,……? You weren't listening,……? Sue doesn't know Ann,……? Jack's on holiday,……? Ann's applied for the job,…...? You can speak German,……? … He won't mind if I use his phone, ……? There are a lot of people here,……? Let's go out tonight,……? This isn't very interesting,……? I'm too impatient,……? You wouldn't tell anyone, ……? Listen, …...? I shouldn't have lost my temper, ……? Don't drop that vase, ……? He'd never met her before, ……?

No, he's never late. Yes, a little. Yes, why? Do you want to borrow it? Yes, I was! No, they've never met. Yes, he's in Portugal. Yes, but she won't get it. Yes, but not very fluently. No, of course he won't. Yes, more than I expected. Yes, let's. No, not very. Yes, you are sometimes. No, of course not. OK, I'm listening. No, but never mind. No, don't worry. No, that was the first time.

 

Exercise 2. Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation you are asking your friend to agree with you.

 

1. You look out of the window. The sky is blue and the sun is shining. What do you say to your friend? (beautiful day) It's a beautiful day, isn't it?

2. You're with a friend outside a restaurant. You're looking at the prices, which are very high. What do you say? (expensive) It……

3. You've just come out of the cinema with a friend. You really enjoyed the film. What do you say to your friend? (great) The film……

4. You and a friend are listening to a woman singing. You like her voice very much. What do you say to your friend? (a lovely voice) She……

5. You are trying on a jacket. You look in the mirror and you don't like what you see. What do you say to your friend? (not / look / very good) It……

6. Your friend's hair is much shorter than when you last met. What do you say to her/him? (have / your hair / cut) You……

7. You and a friend are walking over a wooden bridge. It is very old and some parts are broken. What do you say? (not / very safe) This bridge……

 

Exercise 3. In these situations you are asking for information and asking people to do things. Make sentences.

 

13. You need a pen. Perhaps Jane has got one. Ask her. ……Jane, you……?

14. Jack is just going out. You want him to get you some stamps. Ask him. Jack, you……?

15. You're looking for Ann. Perhaps Kate knows where she is. Ask her. Kate, you……?

16. You need a bicycle pump. Perhaps Helen has got one. Ask her. Helen, you ……?

17. You're looking for your keys. Perhaps Robin has seen them. Ask him. Robin, you ……?

UNIT 19 SPECIAL QUESTIONS

Exercise 1. Write questions with what.

 

I've got a new TV set. I want a job. I've got a new sweater. I got up early this morning. I like music. I want to buy a car.

(make?) What make is it? (kind?) What kind of job do you want? (colour?) What …… (time?) ……get up? (type?) …… (kind?) ……

 

Exercise 2. Put in what/which/who.

 

1. What is that man's name?

2. …… way shall we go? Left or right?

3. …… is more expensive, meat or fish?

4. …… is your favourite sport?

5. You can have tea or coffee……do you prefer?

6. …… is older, Ann or George?

7. …… kind of camera have you got?

8. …… nationality are you?

9. '……day is it today?' 'Friday'

10. A: Mary has got three cameras. B: …… camera does she use most?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high/long etc.).

How high is Mount Everest? ……is it to the station? …...is Helen? ……do the buses run? …...is the water in the pool? ……have you lived here?

Nearly 9000 metres. It's about two kilometres from here She’s 26. Every ten minutes. Two metres. Nearly three years.

 

Exercise 4. Write questions with How...?

 

1. Are you 1 metre 70? 1.75? 1.80? How tall are you?

2. Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three?

3. Are you 20 years old? 22? 25?

4. Did you spend £10? £15? £20?

5. Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never?

6. Is it 1000 miles from Paris to Moscow? 1500? 2000?

 

Exercise 5. Ask Jane questions. (Look at her answers before you write the questions.)

 

(where / from?) Where are you from? (where / live / now?) Where (married?)…… (how long / married?)…… (children?)…… (how old /they?)…… (what / husband / do?)…… (he / enjoy his job?)ю…… (arrest anyone yesterday?)…… (how often / go / on holiday?)…… (where / next year?)…...

From London originally. In Manchester. Yes. 12 years. Yes, three boys. 4, 7 and 9. He's a policeman. Yes, very much. I don't know. Usually once a year. We don't know yet.

 

Exercise 6. Make questions with who or what.

Somebody hit me. I hit somebody. Somebody gave me the key. Something happened. Diane told me something. This book belongs to somebody. Somebody lives in that house. I fell over something. Something fell on the floor. This word means something. I borrowed the money from somebody. I'm worried about something.

Who hit you? Who did you hit? Who…… What …… …… …… …… …… …… …… ……

 

Exercise 7. Put the words in brackets in the correct order. All the sentences are questions.

 

1. (when / was / built / this house) When was this house built?

2. (how / cheese / is / made)……

3. (when / invented / the computer / was)……

4. (why / Sue / working / isn't / today) ……

5. (what time / coming / your friends / are) ……

6. (why / was / cancelled / the concert) ……

7. (where / your mother / was / born)……

8. (why / you / to the party / didn't / come)……

9. (how / the accident / did / happen)……

10. (why / this machine / doesn't / work) ……

 

Exercise 8. Write negative questions from the words in brackets. In each situation you are surprised.

 

1. A: We won't see Ann this evening.

B: Why not? (she / not / come / to the party?) Isn't she coming to the party?

2. A: I hope we don't meet Brian tonight.

B: Why? (you / not / like / him?)……

3. A: Don't go and see that film.

B: Why not? (it / not / good)……

4. A: I'll have to borrow some money.

B: Why? (you / not / have /any?)……

UNIT 20 SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Exercise 1. Read what these people say and write sentences with Не/She /They said (that)....

1. I've lost my watch. He said he had lost his watch.

2. I'm very busy. ……

3. I have to go out. ……

4. I can't go to the party ……

5. I'm learning Russian. ……

6. I don't feel very well. ……

7. We'll be home late. ……

8. I've just come back from holiday. ……

9. I'm going to buy a computer. ……

10. We haven't got a key. ……

 

Exercise 2. Put in say/said or tell/told.

 

1. He said he was tired.

2. What did she tell you?

3. Ann she didn't like Peter.

4. Jack me that you were ill.

5. Please don't …Jim what happened.

6. Did Lucy……she would be late?

7. The woman……she was a reporter.

8. The woman……us she was a reporter.

9. They asked me a lot of questions but I didn't …… them anything.

10. They asked me a lot of questions but I didn't ……anything.

 

Exercise 3. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:

 

1. I'm living in London now.

2. My father isn't very well.

3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.

4. Margaret has had a baby.

5. I don't know what Fred is doing.

6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.

7. I haven't seen Diane recently.

8. I'm not enjoying my job very much.

9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.

10. My car was stolen a few weeks ago.

11. I want to go on holiday but I can't afford it.

12. I'll tell Ann I saw you.

 

Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.

 

1. Charlie said that he was living in London now.

2. He said that……

3. He……

4. ……

5. ……

6. ……

7. ……

8. ……

9. ……

10. ……

11. ……

12. ……

 

Exercise 4. Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said before. Write a suitable answer beginning I thought you said....

 

1. A: That restaurant is expensive.

B: Is it? I thought you said it was cheap.

2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.

B: Is she? I thought you said she ……

3. A: Ann likes Paul.

B: Does she? I thought ……

4. A: I know lots of people.

B: Do you? I thought you said you,…..

5. A: I'll be here next week.

B: Will you? ……

6. A: I'm going out this evening.

В: Are you?......

7. A: I can speak a little French.

B: Can you?......

8. A: I haven't been to the cinema for ages.

B: Haven't you? ……

 

Exercise 5. Here are some things that Ann said to you:

 

1. I've never been to the United States.

2. I can't drive.

3. Jane is a friend of mine.

4. I’m working tomorrow evening.

5. Jane has a very well-paid job.

6. I don't have any brothers or sisters.

7. Dave is lazy.

8. I don’t like fish.

 

But later Ann says something different to you. What do you say?

Dave works very hard. Let's have fish for dinner. I'm going to buy a car. Jane is always short of money. My sister lives in London. I think New York is a fantastic place. Let's go out tomorrow evening. I've never spoken to Jane.

But you said he was lazy. …… …… …… …… ……   …… ……

 

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.

 

1. Ann said goodbye to me and left.

2. …… us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?

3. Don't just stand there!......something!

4. I wonder where Sue is. She……she would be here at 8 o'clock.

5. Jack……me that he was fed up with his job.

6. The doctor……that I should rest for at least a week.

7. Don't……anybody what I……It's a secret just between us.

8. 'Did she……you what happened?' 'No, she didn't……anything to me.'

9. George couldn't help me. He…...me to ask Kate.

10. George couldn't help me. He……to ask Kate.

 

Exercise 7. The following sentences are direct speech:

 

1. Don't wait for me if I'm late.

2. Please slow down.

3. Hurry up!

4. Can you open your bag, please?

5. Don’t worry, Sue.

6. Will you marry me?

7. Mind your own business.

8. Could you repeat what you said, please?

9. Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?

 

Now choose one of these to complete each sentence below. Use reported speech.

 

1. Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up.

2. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked……

3. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told......

4. I couldn't move the piano alone, so I……

5. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and……

6. I had difficulty understanding him, so I……

7. I didn't want to delay Ann, so I……

8. John was very much in love with Mary, so he……

9. He started asking me personal questions, so……

UNIT 21 PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise 1. Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1-7 are present.

 

1. (the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned every day.

2. (these rooms / clean / every day?) Are these rooms cleaned every day?

3. ('glass / make / from sand) Glass ……

4. (stamps / sell / in a post office) ……

5. (this room / not / use / very often) ……

6. (we / allow / to park here?) ……

7. (how / this word / pronounce?) ……

 

Sentences 8-15 are past.

 

8. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday.

9. (the house / paint / last month) The house ……

10. (three people / injure / in the accident) ……

11. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) ……

12. (when / this bridge / build?) ……

13. (you / invite / to the party last week?) ……

14. (how / these windows / break?) ……

15. (I / not / wake up / by the noise) ……

Exercise 2. Correct these sentences.

 

1. (This house built) 100 years ago. This house was built 100 years ago.

2. Football plays in most countries of the world

3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address?

4. A garage is a place where cars repair

5. Where are you born?

6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?

7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen

8. When was invented the bicycle?

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:

clean damage find give invite make make show steal take

 

1. The room is cleaned every day.

2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken to hospital.

3. Paper …… from wood.

4. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms …….

5. 'Where did you get this picture?' 'It …… to me by a friend of mine.'

6. Many American programmes …… on British television.

7. 'Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They …… but they didn't go.'

8. 'How old is this film?' 'It …… in 1965.'

9. My car …… last week but the next day it …… by the police.

 

 

Exercise 4. Where were they born?

 

1. (Ian / Edinburgh) Ian was born in Edinburgh.

2. (Sally / Birmingham) Sally ……

3. (her parents / Ireland) Her ……

4. (you/???) I ……

5. (your mother /???) …...

Exercise 5. Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences.

 

1. I can't use my office at the moment. It is being painted (paint).

2. We didn't go to the party. We weren't invited (not/invite).

3. The washing machine was broken but it's OK now. It……(repair).

4. The washing machine……(repair) yesterday afternoon.

5. A factory is a place where things……(make).

6. How old are these houses? When……(they/build)?.

7. A: ……(the computer / use) at the moment?

B: Yes, Jim is using it.

8. I've never seen these flowers before. What……(they/call)?

9. Some trees……(blow) down in the storm last night.

10. The bridge is closed at the moment. It…… (damage) last week and it……(not/repair) yet.

 

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:

cause damage hold include invite make overtake show translate write

1. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

2. Cheese……from milk.

3. The roof of the building……in a storm a few days ago.

4. There's no need to leave a tip. Service……in the bill.

5. You……to the wedding. Why didn't you go?

6. A cinema is a place where films……

7. In the United States, elections for President……every four years.

8. Originally the book……in Spanish and a few years ago it into English.

9. We were driving along quite fast but we……by lots of other cars.

Exercise 7. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.

 

1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent?) When was the telephone invented?
2. Ask about glass. (how/make?) How……
3. Ask about Australia. (when/discover?) ……
4. Ask about silver. (what/use for?) ……
5. Ask about television. (when/invent?) ……

Exercise 8. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.

 

1. It's a big factory. Five hundred people are employed (employ) there.

2. Water……(cover) most of the Earth's surface.

3. Most of the Earth's surface……(cover) by water.

4. The park gates……(lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

5. The letter……(post) a week ago and it……(arrive) yesterday.

6. The boat……(sink) quickly but fortunately everybody……(rescue).

7. Ron's parents……(die) when he was very young. He and his sister……(bring) up by their grandparents.

8. I was born in London but I……(grow) up in the north of England.

9. While I was on holiday, my camera……(steal) from my hotel room.

10. While I was on holiday, my camera……(disappear) from my hotel room.

11. Why……(Sue/resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?

12. Why……(Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?

13. The company is not independent. It……(own) by a much larger company.

14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody……(call) an ambulance but Nobody……(injure) so the ambulance……(not/need).

15. Where……(these photographs/take)? In London? …… (you/take) them?

Exercise 9. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. write a passive sentence.

 

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. The room is cleaned everyday.

2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. All……

3. People don't use this road very often……

4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. I……

5. How do people learn languages? How……

6. People advised us not to go out alone……

Exercise 10. What do these words mean? Use it can... or it can't.... Use a dictionary if necessary.

 

If something is

1. washable, it can be washed

2. unbreakable, it……

3. edible, it……

4. unusable,……

5. invisible,……

6. portable,……

Exercise 11. Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

carry cause do make repair send spend wake up

Sometimes you need have ('might have', 'could have' etc.).

 

1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late.

2. I haven't received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.

3. A decision will not……until the next meeting.

4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to……at 6.30 the next morning.

5. Do you think that less money should……on armaments?

6. This road is in very bad condition. It should……a long time ago.

7. The injured man couldn't walk and had to……

8. It's not certain how the fire started but it might……by an electrical fault.

 

Exercise 12. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody' or 'they', write a passive sentence.

 

1. Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned.

2. They have postponed the concert. The……

3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer……

4. I didn't realise that somebody was recording our conversation.

I didn't realise that……

5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game.

When we got to the stadium, we found that……

6. They are building a new ring road round the city.

……

7. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

……

 

Exercise 13. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive. (This exercise also includes the past simple)

 

1. There's somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow) I think we're being followed.

2. This room looks different. (you/ paint?) Have you painted it?

3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!) It……

4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody……

5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) ……

6. Ann can't use her office at the moment, (it / redecorate) ……

7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)……

8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people / arrest / last night)……

9. A tree was lying across the road. (it / blow down / in the storm)……

10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody / see / since then)……

11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?) ……

 

Exercise 14. When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year.)

Beethoven Galileo Elvis Presley 1452 1869 1929

Agatha Christie Mahatma Gandhi Leonardo da Vinci 1564 1891 1935

Walt Disney Martin Luther King William Shakespeare 1770 1901

1. Walt Disney was born in 1901.

2. ……

3. ……

4. ……

5. ……

6. ……

7. And you? I ……

 

Exercise 15. Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.

 

1. They didn't give me the money. I wasn't given the money.

2. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview. I……

3. Janet's colleagues gave her a present when she retired. Janet……

4. Nobody told me that George was ill. I wasn't……

5. How much will they pay you? How much will you……

6. I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom……

7. Has anybody shown you what to do? Have you……

 

Exercise 16. Complete the sentences using get/got + one of these verbs (in the correct form):

ask break damage hurt pay steal sting stop use

1. There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.

2. Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

3. How did that window……?

4. These tennis courts don't……very often. Not many people want to play.

5. I used to have a bicycle but it……

6. Last night I……by the police as I was driving home.

7. How much did you……last month?

8. Please pack these things very carefully. I don't want them to……

9. People often want to know what my job is. I often……that question.