Переведите предложения на русский язык и определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого.

 

1. The controversy over capital punishment, also known as death penalty, involves legal, political and moral beliefs. For many years people have argued about death penalty. Public protest against it gradually reduced the number of executions.

2. The murderers and robberies, committed by juveniles, are usually connected with guns and using drugs. In earlier times some children even were sentenced to death for their crimes.

3. Constitution guaranties rights, freedom and justice to all. But suspects usually complain that they were not read their rights.

4. When an individual has been arrested, his or her case must be acted upon by the courts, depending on the nature of the alleged crime and the geographic jurisdiction within which it was committed.

5. The trial of this case will be held next week without a jury. The judge will hear all testimony, consider the facts of the case and impose the sentence.

 

Раскройте скобки и поставьте инфинитив в нужном времени и залоге.

1. The Queen (not to take part) in politics, but the country (to govern) in her name.

2. Elections of the President (to hold) every five years by secret ballot.

3. The first federal courts of appeals in the USA (to establish) in 1891.

4. Two days ago the constable alone (to arrest) the dangerous offender.

5. Each member of the House of Commons (to elect) from one of the 635 constituencies.

6. The monarchy (to be) in existence for over a thousand years.

7. Next Wednesday, at 9 o’clock members of Parliament (to sit) on Committee.

 

Поставьте глагол-сказуемое в нужную форму страдатель-ного залога.

1. The Lord Chancellor presides over the House of Lords.

2. The Queen formally summons Parliament.

3. The British people look to the Queen as head of the nation.

4. The President appointed Cabinet members two days ago.

5. The party that gains a majority in the House of Commons forms the government.

6. The Speaker heads the House of Commons.

7. The Conservatives won the general elections in 1992.

 

6. Выберите нужную форму вспомогательного глагола (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, shall, will).

1. Criminal law presumes the accused to be innocent until he … been proved guilty.

2. A person who … arrested must be brought before the court without delay.

3. The criminal trial … be held in open court.

4. Many languages … spoken in the USA.

5. The system of government … constantly being up-dated.

6. Juveniles, involved in crimes … treated differently from adults.

7. In the prevention and detection of crime the need for inter-force cooperation … been fully recognised by detectives throughout the country.

 

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов.

1. Citizens can influence the lawmaking process by voting.

2. A police officer may use as much physical force as is reasonably necessary to make an arrest.

3. The police do not need probable cause to stop and question individuals whom they reasonably suspect are involved in criminal activity.

4. If a police officer uses too much force or makes an unlawful arrest, the accused may bring a civil action either as a tort or a violation of the federal Civil Rights Act.

5. The government could also file a criminal action against the police.

6. When arresting without a warrant, police must use their own judgement as to what is reasonable under the circumstances of each case.

7. The right of citizens of the USA to vote shall not be denied on account of race or color of skin.

8. Information from victims and witnesses can be used to obtain an arrest warrant.

 

8. Определите, какие модальные глаголы можно заменить модальными словами perhaps, maybe, probably.

1. Somebody might remember something that would give us a clue.

2. You must have suspected that Nick was your son.

3. The person who speaks may be lying.

III СЕМЕСТР