Ex. 4. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the right forms. Define the Voice of the verbs.

1. The independence of the USA (to declare) in 1776.

2. The federation (to include) 50 states.

3. The Constitution of the USA (to write) in 1787.

4. The President (to carry out) many duties as head of the executive branch of the government.

5. The senators (to elect) for a term of six years.

6. The Constitution (to guarantee) the rights, freedom and justice to all.

7. The Congress (to consist of) the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Ex. 5. Put the following statements into indirect speech.

Model: My colleague said: "I study the fingerprints of that man".

My colleague said that he studied the fingerprints of that man.

 

1. The police officer said: "I will tell you this information tomorrow".

2. The accused said: "I can not afford to have an attorney".

3. My friend said: "I have to finish the investigation".

4. The judge said: "We have no sufficient evidence".

5. The man said: "I saw that woman in the crime scene".

 

Ex. 6. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to using of sequence of tenses of the verbs.

1. He says that he lived in Kiev.

2. He said that he lived in Kiev.

3. He said that he had lived in Kiev.

4. The students knew what they would prepare for examinations.

5. The teacher knows that all the students are present at the lesson.

6. The teacher knew that everybody was at the English lesson.

7. He thought that his friend would work the following week.

Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.

1. What kind of state is the USA? What is the capital of the USA?

2. What are the branches of the US government?

3. Who is the head of the country? What are his duties?

4. What term is he elected for?

5. What is the legislative body of the USA? What is its structure?

6. What does the Constitution of the USA guarantee? What is the structure of the Constitution?

7. What are the main parties of the USA?

 

Ex. 8. Speak on the following topics.

1. Political system of the USA.

2. The president and his functions.

3. The Congress and its structure.

 

 

Unit 6

	Text: British Police System.
	Grammar: Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив. Герундий

BRITISH POLICE SYSTEM

 

There are 155 different police forces in Britain. Each of these forces is a separate body, independent of the others, and each operates only within its own area, under the command of its Chief Constable, and is administrated by its own local police authority. Police forces are composed of police officers.

Police officers have the same rates of pay and the same conditions of service, and all are subject to the same code of discipline. All are engaged in the enforcement of the law, the preservation of life and property, and the prevention of crime. Each of them takes the same personal oath of loyalty to the Crown, and one, whatever his or her rank, has the same power and authority under the law. Regular police officers usually serve for 25 years or more and retire on pension.

The police service is now a closed service. That is to say, all ranks, including the highest, are open only to serving police officers. There is a hierarchy of ranks with regular grades of subordination – chief constables, superintendents, inspectors, sergeants and constables.

A constable has many powers: he alone can arrest persons found committing certain offences, and he alone can arrest on suspicion in certain circumstances. Then a constable has certain duties: he must under certain statutes accept an offender who is handed over to him by some one else and bring him before a magistrate.

In matters of organisation and operation there is a little difference between one police force and another. Each police force has its headquarters, in which the Chief Constable, his deputy and his staff work. All Chief Constables have common background of police work and a practical knowledge of police matters and problems.

Outside the headquarters, the police area is usually divided into territorial divisions, each under a senior officer. It is from the divisional headquarters that the performance of duties are arranged, and it is here that reports made by offices on duty in the streets are received and considered. Below the divisional headquarters are the police stations, which form the first point of contact with the public.

Vocabulary