V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на вживання модальних дієслів, підкресліть їх.

1. None of us will be able to pass the exam on Friday.

2. You yourself will be able to understand the rule.

3. I can be there by six.

4. He was very strong and could lift heavy weights.

5. May I take my friend to the cinema?

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. I was told that Bill had been working in this office for five years.

2. The teacher said that we might translate the text the next day.

3. I thought that I would be able to go to the cinema on Sunday if I did all my homework for Monday on Saturday.

4. Dan asked me where I lived. 3

5. He wanted to know whether he would be in time for the plane.

VII. Прочитайте наступні речення та оберіть правильну відповідь із запропонованих варіантів. Запишіть ії.

1. The teacher said the pupils..... so much noise during the breaks.

a) mustn't make;

b) don't have to make;

c) didn't make;

d) made.

2. I recommend you to apologize. You..… apologize.

a) would;

b) should;

c) must;

d) shall.

3. The aim of mixed economies … to avoid the advantages of both systems.

a) is;

b) was;

c) has been;

d) were.

4. He was very strong and … lift heavy weights.

a) would;

b) could;

c) may;

d) can.

5. There … many flowers in the park, each one nicer than the other.

a) is;

b) was;

c) were;

d) are.

 

Варіант №6

I. Прочитайте текст та усно перекладіть з 1-4 абзаци. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть1, 2 та 4-й абзаци.

Positive and Normative Economics

I. In studying economics it is important to distinguish two branches of the subject. The first is known as "positive economics", the second as "normative economics".

II. Positive economics deals with objective or scientific explanations of the working of the economy. The aim of positive economics is to explain how society makes decisions about consumption, production, and exchange of goods. The purpose of this investigation is twofold: to satisfy our curiosity about why the economy works as it does, and to have some basis for predicting how the economy will respond to changes in circumstances.

III. Normative economics is very different. Normative economics offers prescriptions or recommendations based on personal value judgments. In positive economics, we hope to act as detached scientists. Whatever our political persuasion, whatever our view about what we would like to happen or what we would regard as "a good thing", in the first instance we have to be concerned with how the world actually works. At this stage, there is no scope for personal value judgments. We are concerned with propositions of the form: if this is changed then that will happen. In this regard, positive economics is similar to the natural sciences such as physics, geology or astronomy.

IV. Here are some examples of positive economics in action. Economists of widely differing political persuasions would agree that, when the government imposes a tax on a good, the price of that good will rise. The normative question of whether this price rise is desirable is entirely distinct. Similarly, there would be substantial agreement that the following proposition of positive economics is correct: favourable weather conditions will increase wheat output, reduce the price of wheat, and increase the consumption of wheat. Many propositions in positive economics would command widespread agreement among professional economists.

II. Прочитайте текст ще раз та дайте письмові відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What are two branches of economics?

2. What does the positive economics deal with?

3. What is the aim of normative economics?

4. What is the example of positive economics in action?

III. Прочитайте наступні речення з тексту та дайте письмову відповідь: а) речення правдиве та б) речення неправдиве.

1. In studying economics it is not important to distinguish two branches of the subject.

2. Positive economics deals with objective or scientific explanations of the working of the economy.

3. The aim of positive economics is to explain how the government makes decisions about consumption, production, and exchange of goods.

4. Normative economics is not very different.

5. Normative economics offers prescriptions or recommendations based on personal value judgments.