Transmitting Pictures by Telephone

1. Pictures can now be sent over the telephone by sound signals. A new machine does this by looking at a picture and telling what it sees over the telephone to a similar machine at the receiving end, which then translates the sound signals it hears back into the form of a picture.

2. At the sending end, the photograph, drawing business form or document is placed in the machine. At the receiving end, the reproduction appears on ordinary paper. An illustration of ordinary letter size takes six minutes to be received and reproduced.

3. This is how the machine works. Inside the machine optical devices rotate and works pick up reflected light which is focused on and passed through a filter to a photocell or «electronic eye». The photocell generates a signal which is amplified to produce voltages of varying strength.

4. The voltages are converted into sound, and it is this audible signal which is transmitted over the telephone, just as music or voice transmitted.

5. At the receiving telephone, the sound is reconverted to an electronic signal and then into a varying voltage. This voltage is aplied to a drive mechanism. The mechanism is activated to extend and print out a corresponding dark area of the transmitting picture. The length of the document determines the time needed for transmission.

 

 

Вариант 5

 

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

1) The teacher does not consider him to be a good student.

2) Steel production is expected to rise this year.

3) Plastics are supposed to be used instead of metals in many cases.

4) They will need much concrete to be used for soil stabilization.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Weather permitting, the plane will leave early in the morning.

2) He works hard to pass his entrance examinations, his sister doing her best to help him.

3) Having offered them to work abroad he himself refused.

 

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) If I came earlier I should speak to him.

2) If he had seen you here he would be surprised.

3) If he had taken a taxi, he would have come in time.

 

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4-й абзацы.

 

The Atom Structure

1. Our atomic age is more than 2000 years old. More than 2000 years ago Greek philosophers discussed the structure of the atom. One of the philosophers, Democritus, suggested that all matter consisted of particles which are invisible and indivisible. The Greeks called this particle the ‘atom.’

2. The idea of atomic structure of matter was later almost forgotten and came to life again at the beginning of the 19-th century when the English scientist, John Dalton, introduced into science the idea of the elements, the basic building particles of matter.

3. Then, after many years of careful research, the discovery of the electron, a part of an atom, was announced. The discovery of the electron was only the first step in the exploration of inner world of the atom. Since it was known that the atom was electrically neutral the physicists now began to search for the positive particles which could balance out the negative charge of the electron.

4. In 1911 another English scientist, Ernest Rutherford, discovered that the atom had a core, or nucleus, in its centre, and that the nucleus was positively charged and contained nearly all the weight of the atom. He showed that the positive charge of the nucleus was caused by particles called «protons».

5. In 1932 the third basic atomic particle, neutron, was discovered. The weights of the parts of the atom were calculated very carefully and it was found that the proton and neutron have almost the same weight, but they are much greater in mass than the electron.

 

Раздел IV

 

Грамматические пояснения
к контрольным заданиям