Грамматический минимум к контрольному заданию 4

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive).Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот.

2. Причастия (Participle I, II). Независимый (самостоятельный) причастный оборот.

3. Условные предложения.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

 

 

Образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

 

1. Millions of Russian people are recorded to have taken part in elections.	Зарегистрировано, что миллионы людей приняли участие в выборах.
2. We want the new car to be produced by February.	Мы хотим, чтобы новый автомобиль был выпущен к февралю.
3. The device to be bought must be checked beforehand.	Прибор, который нужно купить, следует предварительно проверить.

 

 

Образец 2 (к упр. II)

 

1. The girl reading a newspaper is our student.	Девушка, читающая газету, наша студентка.
2. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory.	Закончив эксперимент, студенты ушли из лаборатории.
3. His father being very ill, he had to send for the doctor.	Так как его отец был очень болен, он должен был послать за доктором.

 

 

Образец 3 (к упр. III)

 

1. If the weather is good we shall go skiing.	Если погода будет хорошая, мы пойдем кататься на лыжах.
2. If the system had been perfected, we should have applied it for new calculations.	Если бы система была усовершенствована, мы бы применили ее для новых расчетов.
3. It would be impossible to build spaceships without using new materials and alloys.	Было бы невозможно построить космические корабли без применения новых материалов и сплавов.

Варианты контрольного задания № 4

 

Вариант 1

 

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец для выполнения 1).

1) We expect the goods to be loaded at once.

2) A contract is known to be the basis of a transaction between the buyers and the sellers.

3) Nuclear energy is expected to become the world’s main source of energy.

4) The alloy to be used for this purpose will contain little iron.

 

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец для выполнения 2)

1) The sun having risen, they continued their way.

2) The agreement is drawn up in the Russian and the English languages, both texts being equal valid.

3) Having translated the article from the newspaper he showed it to the teacher.

 

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) I would not have belived it unless I saw it with my own eyes.

2) If they found the exact meaning of this word, they would understand the sentence easily.

3) If the builders had not worked hard, the canal would not have been opened in time.

 

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4-й абзацы.

 

Moscow, the heart of Russia

1. Founded in 1147 by Prince Yury Dolgoruky, Moscow has become the largest political, administrative, economic and cultural centre, the railway, highway and international airway crossroads. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Goverment, one of the world’s cultural, scientific and art centres, the seat of the academy of Sciences of Russia. Moscow has a great number of historical and architectural monuments that should be carefully preserved.

2. Moscow is more than 850 years old, but never before has our capital seen such a scale of construction as has been performed in recent years. Alongside housing, much is to be done in the next years for the further development of cultural and educational institutions, health services, trade, communal and other services.

3. A major feature of Moscow’s development is the establishment of the industries requiring highly - skilled labour, and the branches producing high - quality consumer goods, as well as the development of plasma, laser, electron-been and other promising technologies. Much attention is also paid to the reconstruction of the industrial facilities which already exist. The successful implementation of the plan will provide for the comprehensive economic and social development of the capital.

4. Transport is a serious problem for all large cities in the world. The capitals of the major capitalist states are often unable to solve this problem. Moscow has also a transport problem. The territory of the capital has expanded in the last few years and with it came the large - scale migration of the population.

5. Road constitute another aspect of the transport problem. Having taken the decision to reconstruct many of the existing streets and to build new roads we have already started the construction of new roads, which will link several of the city’s districts between the Moscow Circular Highway and the Sadovoye Ring Road.

 

 

Вариант 2

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

1) We expect them to complete their research work this month.

2) Demand for coal is expected to remain weak in the developing countries.

3) This machine part was supposed to be made of plastics.

4) The machinery to be installed in this shop is provided with automatic devices

 

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The students have three lectures today, the last one being on economics.

2) New technological processes having been developed, new types of equipment have been installed in the shop.

3) Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he went home.

 

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) He would be asked if he were at the lecture.

2) If the speed of the body were 16 km per second, it would leave the solar system.

3) If I had seen him yesterday I should have tell him about the meeting.

 

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4-й абзацы.

 

Atomic Power for Rockets

1. The heart of a nuclear-rocket engine, of course, is the reactor that converts nuclear energy into heat.

2. The fuel of the reactor consists of a special kind of «isotope» of Uranium-235. When properly bombarded with neutrons the uranium nuclei break up or «fission» into a pair of fragments and emit more neutrons in the process, thus keeping the reactions going.

3. The fission process releases energy and the excess energy is carried away by the neutrons and by gamma rays. Since all of the fragments and most of the neutrons and gamma rays are stopped within the reactor, the energy that is released by U-235 fission will heat the reactor.

4. For making a nuclear-rocket engine thermally efficient the reactor’s temperature must be as high as possible. The melting point of uranium, 2,070 degrees F, sets a theoretical limit. Graphite, which withstands much higher temperatures, is a very good material for the reactor’s «moderator». So all present experimental reactors for nuclear-rocket engines are made of U-235 metal powder placed in graphite.

5. A cold gas, the hydrogen, enters several hundred narrow passages drilled through the graphite - uranium reactor core and is heated almost to the white-hot operating temperature. On coming from the passages, the hot gas expands through a nozzle in which it attains supersonic speed. The exhaust speed of the nuclear-rocket engine can probably reach 23.000 to 30.000 feet per second, which is twice as much as from a rocket engine using chemical combustion of hydrogen and oxyden.

 

 

Вариант 3

 

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1)

1) We supposed them to have finished their work.

2) The two countries are expected to discuss measures to eliminate double taxation.

3) Television is said to have both advantages and disadvantages.

4) This is the subject to be discussed at the next meeting.

 

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) The night being dark, the victim could not notice whether the robber was armed.

2) Mendeleyev discovered the Periodic law of elements, the table bearing his name.

3) Having refused to unload American ships the French dockers lost their job.

 

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1) If he were at the Institute now, he would help us to translate the article.

2) He demanded that the car should be repaired by tomorrow.

3) If it had not been so cold, I should have gone to the country.

 

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.