Переведите предложенные вам герундии на русский язык. Назовите глаголы, от которых они образованы

 

ramming, forming, allowing, supplying, packing, removing, cleaning.

 

3. Сравните следующие слова. Не следует путать их значения: some – некоторый, несколько, какой-нибудь и same – тот же самый, такой же, похожий. Запомните разницу в их переводе. Переведите предложенные вам предложения

 

1) Some metals have a very high melting point.

2) The mold may be made from refractory sand or some other suitable ceramic material.

3) It is necessary to produce many castings of the same shape.

4) There are some difficulties in using permanent molds.

5) Cast iron and pig iron contain the same materials but in different proportions.

6) To get a necessary strength of the molding sand, some bonding material is mixed with it.

7) The same work may be produced by different manufacturing processes.

 

4. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Запомните основные значения союза as: «как», «когда», «в то время как», «так как», «поскольку»

1) Casting process may be very economical as a result of some advantages.

2) Most castings are used as details or component parts of machines and products.

3) Products produced in sand molds are known as sand castings.

4) Molding sand must be refractory as it must withstand the high temperature of molten metal.

5) As the cost of the permanent molds is higher than that of sand molds they are less economical.

6) Hot metal shrinks in the mold cavity as a new portion of the molten metal flows into the mold.

7) As the casting solidifies, it becomes smaller in size.

 

Запомните следующие сочетания со словом «as»

 

as … as – также как, такой же…как;

as well – также;

as well as – в такой же мере; также, как и …;

such as – такой же как …;

as for – что касается;

as to – что касается.

 

5. Переведите предложенные вам ниже предложения, обращая внимание на сочетания со словом «as»

 

1) The operation of making sand castings is not as is simple as it seems.

2) The foundry industry is as old as our knowledge of brass and iron.

3) As to the physical properties of metals they are crystal structure, electrical conductivity, heat conductivity.

4) Metals have some mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, ductility etc.

5) Sand and clay are mixed to make the molding sand. Water is used as well.

6) The sand as well as the clay must be refractory.

 

Прочтите внимательно текст А. Переведите его на русский язык

 

Text A

MAKING A SAND MOLD

Sand mold is made by packing the molding sand around a pattern. A pattern of wood, metal or wax is needed to form the cavity in the sand which molten metal will be poured. Patterns are to have the same shape as the finished object (отливаемый предмет), but their size should be a little (немного) larger as the casting shrinks when cooling. A pattern made of metal may be used longer.

If the pattern is made of one piece, it is called a solid pattern. The pattern made in two halves is known as split pattern. The split patterns may be removed from the mold in pieces (по частям).

For a small amount of castings a wooden pattern may be used. It is more economical than a metal pattern. Sand molds are made in the flasks which are wooden or metal boxes consisting of two parts. The upper portion is called the «cope», and the lower portion is called the «drag».

In sand molding two special boards are to be used. The drag is placed on the moldboard. A molding board is smooth and a little larger than the flask opening. The size of the moldboard should be the same as the outside of the drag. The board which is placed on top of the packed drag is called the bottom board because after turning the flask over, it becomes the bottom of the mold.

 

7. Напишите для следующих русских терминов по три варианта английских названий

 

1.) нижняя полуформа; 2.) верхняя полуформа.

 

8. Ответьте (кратко) положительно или отрицательно на следующие вопросы

 

1) Can solid pattern be removed from the mold in pieces?

2) Must the pattern be of the same size as the finished object?

3) Does metal shrink during the cooling process?

4) Is the metal pattern stronger than the wooden one?

5) Is the drag turned over after being packed?