The Concept of International Organizations

An international (intergovernmental) organization is an association of States established on the basis of a treaty and in accordance with international law in order to achieve specific objectives. It pos­sesses a system of organs and rights and duties that are distinct from those of the member-states.

One may thus refer to the following five attributes of the concept of an international organization: 1) its treaty-based character; 2) specific purposes; 3) an organizational structure; 4) independent rights and duties; and 5) its creation in accordance with international law.

The Treaty basis means that a treaty (usually a multilateral one) is the constituent instrument and charter of the international organiza­tion.

There are cases, however, of international organizations being created not on the basis of treaties, but of corresponding resolutions by organs of international organizations. The United Nations Confer­ence on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) were established in this way within the framework of the United Nations. These organizations were formed in accordance with the right of the United Nations General Assembly (Article 22 of the United Nations Charter) to establish subsidiary organs.

Specific purposes are an important attribute of the concept of an international organization. The purposes of an international organiza­tion are important in establishing its legitimacy, the legitimacy of its organizational structure and of the competence that it has been granted.

The organizational structure refers to a system of standing organs constituting the mechanism through which States cooperate within the framework of the international organization.

The independent rights and duties are distinct from the rights and duties of member-states. In the constituent instrument (charters) of international organizations, some articles are addressed directly to the member-states, while others are addressed to the particular international organization as represented by its organs.

The ability of an international organization to have rights and duties distinct from those of individual member-states establishes it as a legal person possessing its own legal will. It also makes it a derivative subject of international law, providing that these rights are directly linked with its international legal personality. In particular, these rights include the right to conclude international agreements, the right to privileges and immunities, and to representation.

Creation in accordance with international law refers to the legitimate character of the international organization and to the correspondence of its Charter and activities to the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, and especially those of jus cogens.

7. Find in the above text the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations. Make Sentences using them. 1) Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД); 2) международная межправительственная организация; 3) право на привилегии и иммунитеты; 4) договорная основа; 5) система постоянных органов; 6) права и обязанности государств-членов; 7) право на представительство; 8) правомерный характер международной организации; 9) международная правосубъектность; 10) учреждение в соответствии с международным правом; 11) учредительный акт (документ); 12) Организация Объединенных Наций по промышленному развитию (ЮНИДО); 13) создавать вспомогательные органы; 14) право на заключение международных договоров; 15) в рамках международной организации

Translate the following table into English and speak on the Classification of International Organizations.