NT11 international conference on the science and application of nanotubes

NT11 International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes was held at the University of Cambridge during July 10-16, 2011. The International Conference on the Science and Application of Nanotubes is an annual meeting. The Founder of NT conference series is David Tomanek (Michigan State University, USA). Indeed, the NT series of conferences is one of the most important series of nanotechnology-related conferences, and traditionally the most important international conference series devoted to carbon nanotubes. The NT11 Conference provided a unique opportunity for companies to showcase products of interest to the nanotube and graphene research community. The number of registered participants was over 600 ranging from university to government research laboratory. Among them were the Nobel Laureate in Physics 2010 Konstantin Novoselov (University of Manchester) and other prominent scientists and researchers from many countries of the world. The chairman of the Organizing Committee was Alan Windle (University of Cambridge, UK). The NT11 Conference was sponsored by the following: NT10 Conference on Carbon Nanotubes Thomas Swan (Trinity College, Cambridge), Cambridge Integrated Knowledge Centre (CIKC), Cambridge CNT Society.

Conference Scope. Carbon nanotubes have many fascinating properties, owing to their quasi one-dimensional structure. This creates a wide range of issues for fundamental research, as well as a wealth of opportunities for technological application. Progress in the field over the past few years has been remarkable, and applications for this unique material are starting to make the move from the laboratory into the mainstream. In the tradition of the NT conference series, this meeting brought together leading researchers in the area of nanotube science and technology together. The conference encompassed the frontiers of fundamental science as well as applied research, and helped to enable and encourage participants to exchange their latest ideas and results.

Topics that received special attention included:

· Structure and physical characterization

· Synthesis and mechanism

· Nanotube-related structures

· Devices and their physics

Format of the Conference. The main “general session” of the NT11 conference was 4 days long with a combination of plenary talks (6 keynotes and 9 invited), contributed presentations (41 selected from submitted abstracts), and poster sessions (8 sessions).

There was also a tutorial session before the main conference, with a selection of overview lectures from international speakers covering many of topics featured in the main conference. The Tutorial session addressed general themes of relevance to the main NT11 conference via lectures at the level accessible to graduate students beginning their research careers.

Following the main conference were 5 satellite symposia, each up to 2 days long, addressing specific topics, and each with additional invited talks, contributed talks and posters selected from submitted abstracts.

The first satellite symposium of the Nanotube 2011 Conference was devoted to applied research and technology developments in the area of graphene. Graphene is a two dimensional allotrope of carbon, with unique structural and electronic properties. Keynote talks were presented by leading researchers in the field, to give perspectives on the current status of graphene applications.

The workshop consisted of both invited and contributed talks and posters spanning these areas, a dinner in one of the historical Cambridge colleges, and closed with a round table discussion. Exchange of results and ideas from different disciplines, and amongst researchers specializing in graphene and/or nanotubes was highly encouraged.

At the poster sessions, there were also exhibitors displaying materials and equipment of interest to nanotube researchers.

 

A1.	The NT International Conferences are considered to be the most significant conferences dedicated to carbon nanotubes.

 

A2.	It was truly an international gathering as over six hundred participants from different countries of the world presented their nanotube and graphene products.

 

A3.	Carbon nanotubes have a limited scope of applications.

 

A4.	The conference consisted of ten satellite symposia.

 

A5.	The main conference was preceded by a tutorial session.

 

A6.	The first satellite symposium of the Nanotube 2011 Conference included a selection of overview lectures from international speakers covering many of the topics featured in the main conference.

 

A7.	Experts of diverse disciplines had an ample opportunity to exchange information and fresh ideas about graphene and/or nanotubes.

 

Task 2.

Choose the correct answer to the following questions:

 

A8.	How often are the International Conferences on the Science and Application of Nanotubes held?
	A.	They are yearly meetings.
B.	Twice a year.
C.	Every three years.
D.	Once a decade.

 

A9.	Why can this conference be considered an international gathering?
	A.	The Nobel Laureate Konstantin Novoselov participated in it.
B.	The Founder of NT conference series is David Tomanek from Michigan State University (USA).
C.	It was sponsored by Thomas Swan from Trinity College (Cambridge).
D.	The participants represented different countries of the world.

 

A10.	What was the main objective of the conference?
	A.	To build and strengthen international networking between researchers.
B.	To share information on the current findings in computational method-based researches.
C.	To evaluate the impact of new technologies on education.
D.	To analyze the topical questions and determine up-to-date tendency.

 

A11.	What problem was the conference devoted to?
	A.	All areas of nanotechnology within the areas of IEEE interest.
B.	Optimization of technological processes of IC manufacturing.
C.	Development of the models and design methods of microelectronics devices and technical systems.
D.	The research in the field of carbon nanotubes science and practical application.

 

A12.	What is a specific feature of carbon nanotubes?
	A.	They possess irresistibly attractive qualities.
B.	They have a three-dimensional structure.
C.	Carbon nanotubes is a standard material.
D.	Carbon nanotubes are quasi multidimentional.

 

A13.	What was this conference especially noteworthy for?
	A.	Practical ways were suggested to help scientists participate more actively in the conferences.
B.	This conference gathered scholars, researchers, engineers, practitioners to present advances in nanotubes.
C.	This meeting provided an ideal venue for governmental organizations to share common objectives.
D.	This conference made it possible for world experts to present their findings in the field of optoelectronics.

 

Task 3.

Match the words on the left with their definitions.

 

A14.

exhibitor

a)

one honoured for achievements especially in sciences.

 

A15.

chairman

b)

a person who participates in a conference.

 

A16.

laureate

c)

a person who exhibits materials and equipment at a conference.

 

A17.

participant

d)

a person who originated a conference.

 

A18.

founder

e)

one who presides over an assembly, meeting, conference.

 

Task 4.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE

 

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who (19)__ physics, biology, chemistry or any other science?

What (20)__ their special methods of thinking? What qualities do we usually expect them to possess?

To begin with, we expect a successful scientist (21)__ full of curiosity – he wants to find out how and why the universe (22)__. He usually directs his attention towards problems which have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him (23)__ the underlying relationships even if the data to be analysed (24)__ not apparently interrelated. He (25)__ a good observer, accurate, patient, objective. Futhermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he (26)__ man to be the least reliable of scientific instruments.

And to conclude, he (27)__ highly imaginative since he often (28)__ for data which are not only complex, but also incomplete.

 

A19.	1)	to be studying	3)	studies
2)	studying	4)	is studied

 

A20.	1)	were	3)	will have been
2)	are	4)	are being

 

A21.	1)	to be	3)	being
2)	be	4)	have been

 

A22.	1)	has worked	3)	will have been worked
2)	works	4)	has been worked

 

A23.	1)	look for	3)	looking for
2)	to look for	4)	to have been looking for

 

A24.	1)	is	3)	was
2)	are	4)	will have been

 

A25.	1)	was	3)	is
2)	have been	4)	to be

 

A26.	1)	is known	3)	will be known
2)	knows	4)	was known

 

A27.	1)	is to be	3)	will have been to be
2)	was to be	4)	is being

 

A28.	1)	is being looked for	3)	was looked for
2)	looks for	4)	was being looked for

 

Task 5.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

Professor Higgins, who (29)__ major science prize last month, was invited to take part in a conference which (30)__ in London last week. He was met at the airport by a driver who, unfortunately, (31)__ the name of the wrong hotel to take the professor to. A large reception (32)__ for the professor, and at least 200 eminent scientists had been invited to meet him that evening. The poor professor, however, was left at a small hotel in a rather bad area, and when he (33)__ to speak to the Head of the Conference Committee he was told to try somewhere else because he (34)__ of there. Luckily, later that evening, the driver was sent to the hotel where the reception (35)__, and when he was asked what he had done with the professor, everyone realized that a mistake (36)__. The professor says that if he (37)__ ever sent another invitation to a conference, he hopes it (38)__ more efficiently.

 

A29.

1)

is awarding

2)

was awarded

3)

awarded

4)

has been awarded

 

A30.

1)

would be held

2)

held

3)

is being held

4)

was held

 

A31.

1)

was giving

2)

had given

3)

would be given

4)

had been given

 

A32.

1)

had been organised

2)

had organised

3)

was organising

4)

organised

 

A33.

1)

asked

2)

was asking

3)

had been asked

4)

has asked

 

A34.

1)

hadn’t been heard

2)

hear

3)

wouldn’t hear

4)

didn’t hear

 

A35.

1)

held

2)

had been held

3)

hadn’t heard

4)

was being held

 

A36.

1)

was made

2)

would be made

3)

had made

4)

had been made

 

A37.

1)

will be

2)

is

3)

was

4)

had been

 

A38.

1)

is organised

2)

has been organised

3)

was organised

4)

will be organised

 

Task 6.

Find a mistake in the underlined parts of the sentences given below.

 

A39.	The advantages of such an approach are evident enoughto be takingfor granted. A B C D

 

A40.	What we try to do is to foretell a general tendency rather thena particular A B C D development.

 

A41.	Nowadays we see many new areas of research to come into being A B C as a result of unexpected breakthroughs. D

 

A42.	They could not tolerate other people taking up the problem which they A B C had been investigated for so long. D

 

A43.	It is sometimes very difficult to get people to agree upon most obvious A B C things, although the things to be agreed upon may be generally accepted   like urgent. D

 

A44.	People’s knowledge assumed to be well-organised to facilitate the A B C D understanding of new information.

 

 

Task 7.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

NOBEL PRIZE

 

Nobel Prize is any of the prizes that are (45)__ annually by four institutions from a fund established under the (46)__ of Alfred Bernhard Nobel. Distribution was begun on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of the death of the (47)__, whose will specified that the awards should (48)__ be made “to those who, during the preceding year, shall have (49)__ the greatest benefit to mankind”. The five prizes were established by his will. An (50)__ award, the Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was (51)__ in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden.

Each award consists of a gold medal, a diploma (52)__ a citation, and a sum of money, the (53)__ depending on the income of the foundation.

A prize is either given (54)__ to one person, divided equally between at most two works, or shared jointly by two or three persons.

 

A45.	1)	rewarded	3)	awarded
2)	granted	4)	prized

 

A46.	1)	want	3)	request
2)	will	4)	desire

 

A47.	1)	founder	3)	developer
2)	finder	4)	author

 

A48.	1)	monthly	3)	annual
2)	twice a year	4)	annually

 

A49.	1)	referred	3)	inferred
2)	interfered	4)	conferred

 

A50.	1)	special	3)	general
2)	additional	4)	typical

 

A51.	1)	set in	3)	set on
2)	set up	4)	set out

 

A52.	1)	bearing	3)	wearing
2)	passing	4)	tearing

 

A53.	1)	volume	3)	amount
2)	number	4)	quantity

 

A54.	1)	entire	3)	total
2)	hole	4)	enough

 

Task 8.

Choose the appropriate remark in an answer to the suggested stimulus remark.

 

A55.	I have enjoyed the plenary session of the conference. Some of the ideas were really challenging.
	1)	So I have.
2)	Either have I.
3)	On the contrary. I’ve found it quite ordinary.
4)	I couldn’t care less.

 

Task 9.

Choose the stimulus remark compatible with the suggested responsive remark.

 

A56.	So do I.
	1)	I would like my paper to be published in English.
2)	He didn’t take the floor at the conference.
3)	He often takes part in international conferences.
4)	They never send their abstracts of papers in advance!

 

Task 10.

Read the question. Choose one of the given variants.

 

A57.	What is usually a conference participant required to do?
	1)	To help with hotel reservations.
2)	To provide a forum for experts of diverse disciplines to come.
3)	To accept the papers to be included in the programme for the conference.
4)	To register and pay the appropriate fee.

 

 

Task 11.

Read the text. Then choose the best suitable title to each passage.

 

A58.

Eight scientists received the 1995 U.S. National Medal of Science, including Isabella Karle from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Hermann Haus from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The medal is awarded annually by the President of the United States in special recognition of outstanding contributions in science and engineering, many of which have directly enhanced long-term economic growth and improved standards of living.

 

A59.

Karle’s pioneering X-ray analysis of complex crystal and molecular structures has profoundly affected the disciplines of organic and biological chemistry. Her work has elucidated the crystal structures of numerous complex organic substances, natural products, photo-rearrangement products, biologically active molecules, ionophores, peptides containing many residues and supramolecular assemblies, which have significance in synthetic chemistry, medical drug design, materials design, reaction mechanisms, ion channel formation, molecular modeling programs, and energy calculations.

 

A60.

Karle’s method systematized analyses that were formerly tedious and frustrating. From a small number of simple structure analyses published in the 1960s, her procedure has led to the analysis and publication of many thousands of structures of complicated molecules annually. All the present computerized programs for X-ray structure analyses are based on Karle’s fundamental work, known as the Symbolic Addition Procedure. Karle has also identified and determined the structures of a number of complex substances of chemical and biomedical significance.

 

A61.	Her procedures have been adopted worldwide and have contributed to the output of crystal structure analyses. More than 10,000 analyses are now published annually, compared to about 150 annually in the early 1960s.

 

A62.

Haus’s research and teaching in quantum optics have enabled scientists to make significant advances in eye surgery and instrumentation, as well as fiber optics communications. His work ranges from fundamental investigations of quantum uncertainty as manifested in optical communications to the practical generation of ultrashort optical pulses (10,000 times shorter than a nanosecond).

 

A63.

Fiber optical undersea cables providing rapid voice and data communications among the United States, Europe, and Asia are beneficiaries of the pioneering investigations of Haus and fellow researchers at AT&T Bell Laboratories and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Research Laboratories, which developed the “solution” method of transmission. Their work opens new possibilities for transmitting voice and data signals across an ocean without repeaters, thus simplifying the method and enabling higher rates of signal transmission.

 

Choose the titles A 58-A 60 from the given below (1-4). One title is odd.

1)	Appreciation of scientific and engineering contribution.
2)	A structured approach to previously exhausting analyses.
3)	A profound impact of Karle’s analysis on some disciplines.
4)	The advantages and disadvantages of Karle’s pioneering X-ray analyses.

 

Choose the titles A61-63 from the given bellow (1-4). One title is odd.

 

1)	Karle’s worldwide contribution to science and technology.
2)	Practical application of Haus’ research.
3)	The scope of Haus’ research.
4)	Joint research of the two outstanding scientists.

 

Part B

 

Task 1.

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

 

The MSIGN11 workshop will be held as a two day satellite meeting (0) to NT11.The themes for this year’s workshop are:......(B1) metrology of assemblies and composites; standards......(B2). The workshop will consist of both......(B3) and......(B4) talks and posters spanning these areas, a dinner in one of the......(B5) Cambridge colleges, and will close with a round table......(B6). A strong effort has been made to ensure global......(B7) among the speakers at MSIGN11. The......(B8) would like to extend an invitation to all NT11 conferees......(B9) in nanotube and graphene metrology and standardization issues to join us for a......(B10) discussion at MSIGN11.

MEET PHYSICS DEVELOP INVITE CONTRIBUTE   HISTORY DISCUSS REPRESENT ORGANISE INTEREST   LIVE

 

Task 2.

Read the text (B11-B12). Write down two odd words from each sentence in the order they are given in the text.

 

B11.	There is no doubt that the problems which under discussion at this congress proved them very important.

 

B12.	The scientific programme which was followed included a series of symposia and between two and three thousand of original contributions.

 

Task 3.

Read the text. Fill in the gaps with only one suitable word. The first letter of each missing word is given.

 

The VII International Congress on Crystallography was h... (B13) in Moscow.

The total number of p... (B14) was in excess of 2000. The opening session w... (15) preceded by the Central Assembly to e... (B16) a new president of the Congress.

The success of the d... (B17) on protein structure exceeded all expectations. Most fruitful w... (B18) the discussions carried on between the sessions during w... (B19) time participants succeeded in m... (20) informal contacts and in exchanging views and ideas.

The proceedings of the Congress were p... (B21) as a separate volume, with all communications presented in the original l... (22).

 

Task 4.

Translate into English sentence fragments given in brackets.

 

B23.	When the conference was opened the chairman read (повестку дня).

 

B24.	Scientific discussions are always useful because they (способствуют) to general scientific advance.

 

B25.	The chairman informed that everyone who wanted (выступить) the floor had to ask the chairman in advance.

 

 

Test 6

Part A

 

Task 1.

Read the text. Then study the statements after the text and mark them as true (T) or false (F).

Soap

 

Where can you watch someone hang between life and death in a hospital bed -AND ENJOY IT?

Where can you share the worry of unemployment or the problems of troublesome neighbours, YET SLEEP LIKE A LOG?

The answer is in soap opera, and in Britain there are more than 20 hours of it on television each week.

Soaps have been popular ever since American businessmen found they could sell more of their products if they advertised them on radio in between episodes of a continuing story, each with little cliff-hanger endings. If the stories were aimed at women at home, and were about parents, children, relationships with neighbours, love, and sorrow, listeners enjoyed them all the more. The fact that the first big sponsors were soap manufacturers gave them the tag ‘soap operas’.

Exactly why soap opera is so popular is a mystery. Jan Bishop, who is at the University of Amsterdam, argues that the key is that soaps deal with feelings first, ideas and actions second. She says we enjoy the opportunity to overhear the private dialogues between husband and wife, lovers, friends, that normally remain secret to us.

Some people believe that you have to be a bit mad or sad to follow them. But is it like a real addiction? Jan Bishop believes this is simple prejudice. For example, it is accepted that men have good reasons to watch hours of football on TV – they’re sports fans. Soap opera viewers are stereotyped as soap addicts.

There is no doubt, however, that a lot of people watch several soaps a week. One reason may be that soaps provide a ‘shared experience’. Everyone has an opinion about soaps and they give us something to talk about with friends.

In Britain, a popular soap with young people is Neighbours. This Australian soap is set in a Melbourne suburb and it has many young people in its cast. Jason Donovan and Kylie Minogue, who became successful pop stars, were both in Neighbours. For some young people, soap may be a way of thinking about their problems. As one fan said: ‘Any sort of social problem you can think of, or that you’re ever likely to face, comes up in Neighbours – teenage pregnancy, couples running away together, divorce, a woman trying to shoot her husband, that sort of thing. It helps me to solve my own problems by showing me what might happen if I do certain things. Sometimes it shows you what not to do’.

But what about people who don’t just watch but who seem to believe there really is a Ramsay Street? They write to the characters, often sending money and gifts, and sometimes offering to marry or adopt them. These fans make no distinction between the actor and the character. Should we pity these people?

An ex-teacher who started a soap fan club says that perhaps the people who do this are a bit lonely and hope the stars will get in touch with them. He’s sure that it does no harm and feels that it’s natural that people project soap characters and storylines into their lives.

Glossary

pregnancy: state or period of having a baby develop in the womb

 

A1.	There are more than 20 hours of soap opera on television each day.

 

A2.	Cliff – hanger endings are not typical for soaps.

 

A3.	The first big sponsors of soaps were soap distributors.

 

A4.	Soap fans think it’s impolite to overhear personal conversation.

 

A5.	Following soaps has nothing to do with addiction.

 

A6.	Some soap viewers identify actors with soap characters.

 

A7.	The desire to project soap characters and story lines into personal lives is a way not to feel lonely.

 

Task 2.

Choose the correct answer to the following questions:

 

A8.	Why have soaps become so popular among American businessmen?
	A.	Because of the advertisement in between episodes of a continuing story.
B.	Because of high quality of the serials.
C.	Because of the opportunity to sleep like a log.
D.	Because of the mystery of their attraction.

 

A9.	Why were they called soaps?
	A.	Because American businessmen like to use soap.
B.	Because American businessmen manufactured soap.
C.	Because the first big sponsors were soap producers.
D.	Because they are aimed exclusively at American businessmen.

 

A10.	Why are soaps popular?
	A.	They are about ideas first.
B.	They are about feelings first.
C.	They are about actions first.
D.	They are about prejudices.

 

A11.	Why do people watch soap?
	A.	Because they are sports fans.
B.	Because they are absolutely mad.
C.	Because they dislike private dialogues.
D.	Because they can be a part of a ‘shared experience’.

 

A12.	What may watching soap be for some young people?
	A.	It may help to neglect their problems.
B.	It may help to solve their own problems.
C.	It may open the opportunity to become successful pop stars.
D.	They may become influential sponsors.

 

A13.	Should we sympathize with the believers in soap reality?
	A.	We must neglect item.
B.	We must help them.
C.	We should take pity on them and try to understand them.
D.	They deserve no compassion.

 

Task 3.

Match the teachers’ positions with their definitions.

 

A14.

soap opera

a)

a person in a play, a novel, etc.

 

 

A15.

cliff-hanger

b)

one who is given to some habit esp. to the use of narcotic drugs.

 

A16.

addict

c)

a daytime television or radio serial drama usu. dealing with highly emotional domestic themes.

 

A17.

cast

d)

a situation marked by suspense or uncertainty of outcome.

 

A18.

character

e)

the actors who portray the characters in a play, movie, etc.

 

Task 4.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

Technology (A19)__ the media. Cables and satellites (A20)__ television. Already half of American homes subscribe to cable TV, which broadcast dozens of channels providing information and entertainment of every kind.

Today over 95% of all American homes (A21)__ TV sets and 50% have two or more sets. Surveys show that in the average American household the television (A22)__ 7 hours a day. It has changed the Americans’ view of the world in which they live, as well as their lives at home.

Despite enjoying a period of unsurpassed wealth and influence, the American media (A23)__ by growing public dissatisfaction. Experts say that the ownership of the news media (A24)__ in fewer and fewer hands and that chains-companies that own two or more newspapers, broadcast stations and other media outlets – (A25)__ larger. Critics complain that journalists (A26)__ always the negative, the sensational, and the abnormal rather than the normal. There is a feeling that the press sometimes goes too far, crossing the fine line between the public’s right to know and the right of individuals to privacy and the right of the government to protect the national security. In many cases the courts decide when the press (A27)__ the bounds of its rights.

“Knowledge (A28)__ forever ignorance”, said President James Madison. “And a people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives”. Mass media help us to acquire this kind of power.

 

A19.	1)	continue to change	3)	continues to change
2)	is continued to change	4)	has been continued to change

 

A20.	1)	is expanding	3)	has expanded
2)	are expanding	4)	will be expanded

 

A21.	1)	has	3)	is having
2)	has had	4)	have

 

A22.	1)	is watched	3)	have been watched
2)	are watched	4)	is watching

 

A23.	1)	is troubled	3)	troubles
2)	is troubling	4)	has troubled

 

A24.	1)	concentrates	3)	is being concentrated
2)	are concentrating	4)	have concentrated

 

A25.	1)	grows	3)	has grown
2)	are growing	4)	have been grown

 

A26.	1)	are always emphasizing	3)	will always be emphasized
2)	is always emphasized	4)	have always been emphasized

 

A27.	1)	have overstepped	3)	will be overstepped
2)	has overstepped	4)	overstep

 

A28.	1)	govern forever	3)	have forever been governed
2)	have forever governed	4)	will forever govern

 

Task 5.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

Newspapers

 

More daily newspapers are sold per person (29)__ the UK than in almost any other country: there are twelve national daily newspapers and eleven national Sunday ones. While the more serious newspapers have (30)__ lot of home and international news, some of the more popular ‘tabloids’ (so called because of their size) concentrate (31)__ the more spectacular and scandalous aspects of life in Britain.

Although newspaper sales have fallen slightly over the past few years, newspapers have (32)__ important effect on public opinion. Most British newspapers are owned by big businesses and although they are not directly linked to political parties, there are strong connections. The majority of newspapers – even those which carry little serious news – are conservative in outlook.

The old image of London’s Fleet Street (33)__ the centre of the newspaper printing and publishing world has changed, and (34)__ fact all the big newspapers have moved (35)__ Fleet Street to more modern premises. New technology has altered the whole shape of the industry, with changes in the production process and a reduction in the number of employees.

One of (36)__ beneficial results of computerized production has been improved graphics and photographs, a development first seen in The Independent, founded in 1986 and Britain’s first new quality newspaper since the last century. The tendency has been for newspapers to become smaller but to contain more pages. Sunday papers have colour magazines and several of (37)__ dailies have weekend supplements, perhaps because people now have more time to read them. Competition for circulation is intense and newspapers have tried several methods to increase the number of people who read them, including the use of colour, competitions and national bingo games. Running a newspaper is (38)__ expensive and competitive business and several newspapers started and failed during the 1980s.

 

A29.

1)

on

2)

in

3)

of

4)

after

 

A30.

1)

–

2)

an

3)

a

4)

the

 

A31.

1)

in

2)

for

3)

by

4)

on

 

A32.

1)

a

2)

an

3)

the

4)

–

 

A33.

1)

as

2)

since

3)

because

4)

for

 

A34.

1)

on

2)

in

3)

by

4)

from

 

A35.

1)

from

2)

on

3)

to

4)

after

 

A36.

1)

a

2)

an

3)

the

4)

–

 

A37.

1)

–

2)

an

3)

a

4)

the

 

A38.

1)

an

2)

a

3)

–

4)

the

 

Task 6.

Find a mistake in the underlined parts of the sentences given below.

 

A39.	The children were so exciting when they saw the tide on the sea that they screamed. A B C D

 

A40.	As you can see from the illustrations, there are now three ways in which TV A programmes can reach your home, comparing with the one way which B existed untila few years ago. C D

 

A41.	Leafedthrough its pages one can come across colour photographs of A B C undersea life, views of their natural habitat. D

 

A42.	We have even given upsitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, A B exchangedthe news of the day. C D

 

A43.	We become utterly dependentonthe two most primitive media of A B C communication pictures and the speaking word. D

 

A44.	Following the dress rehearsal there is time for one more meeting, when A B people involving inproducing the program may suggest final changes. C D

 

Task 7.

Study the text and choose the correct variant.

 

We have all seen an enormous increase in the role of the mass (45)__ in people’s lives. First of all, the growth of the (46)__, of both serious and (47)__ newspapers, has been tremendous. Public (48)__ is influenced by powerful (49)__ who not only own our newspapers which often have a (50)__ of millions, but who also own television and radio (51)__ in many different countries. The huge quantity of (52)__ that people have to deal with has rocketed with the advent of satellite and cable television. At the same time, more and more people have (53)__ to (54)__ computers.

 

A45.	1)	medium	3)	mediums
2)	media	4)	news means

 

A46.	1)	printing	3)	interest
2)	press	4)	security

 

A47.	1)	cheap	3)	popular
2)	easy	4)	public

 

A48.	1)	opinion	3)	office
2)	health	4)	services

 

A49.	1)	poets	3)	celebrities
2)	writers	4)	editors

 

A50.	1)	profit	3)	circulation
2)	readers	4)	popularity

 

A51.	1)	networks	3)	sets
2)	users	4)	ports

 

A52.	1)	correspondence	3)	information
2)	details	4)	reporters

 

A53.	1)	control	3)	contact
2)	ownership	4)	access

 

A54.	1)	bulky	3)	large
2)	personal	4)	electrical

 

Task 8.

Choose the appropriate remark in an answer to the suggested stimulus remark.

 

A55.	Actually advertising is a splendid career.
	1)	An impressive record.
2)	But it isn’t everyone’s cup of tea.
3)	I’m much obliged.
4)	Any time you are welcome.

 

Task 9.

Choose the stimulus remark compatible with the suggested responsive remark.

 

A56.	He is in charge of the advertising department.
	1)	Each to his own.
2)	No wonder.
3)	And what does Mr. Kelly do for the living?
4)	Did he choose his career himself?

 

Task 10.

Read the question. Choose one of the given variants.

 

A57.	What kind of TV programme can be described as “more drama and emotion as deserted Julia seeks revenge on her lover…”.
	1)	chat show
2)	soap opera
3)	documentary
4)	news

 

Task 11.

Read the text. Then choose the best suitable title to each passage.

 

TV and radio

 

A58.

Watching television is one of the great British pastimes! Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The BBC receives its income from the government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from advertising.

 

A59.

National radio is controlled by the BBC, and listeners can choose between four stations. Radio 1 is a pop-music station with news and magazine-style programmes. Radio 2 plays light music and reports on sport. Radio 3 plays classical music whilst Radio 4 has news programmes, drama and general interest programmes. There are many local stations, some private and some run by the BBC. Their programmes consist mainly of music and local news.

 

 

A60.

The BBC has two TV channels. BBC 2 has more serious programmes and news features. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV companies who broadcast their own programmes and those they have bought from other regions. There is a break for advertisement about every 15-20 minutes. The most recent independent channel is called Channel 4 and it has more specialized programmes than the main channels. All these channels are basically national, with just a few regional programmes, for example extra news programmes.

 

A61.	Breakfast TV (magazine programmes on BBC and ITV, giving news and interviews from approximately 6 a.m. to 8.30 a.m.) is very popular.

 

A62.

In general, people think the programmes offered on British television are of a very high standard. Some people, however, are becoming worried about the amount of violence on TV, and the effect this may have on young people. TV and radio are also two of the main teaching channels used by the Open University. This ‘university of the air’ allows many thousands of students to study at home for degrees they never would have obtained in the main educational system. They also have to do without sleep as most of their programmes are broadcast early in the morning or late at night!

 

A63.	New technology has made it possible for viewers to receive many more programmes into their homes through satellite TV. The 1990s saw many changes in British TV and radio.

 

Choose the titles A 58-A 60 from the given below (1-4). One title is odd.

1)	National Radio Stations.
2)	The main Broadcasting Organizations in Great Britain.
3)	The Effectiveness of TV and Radio.
4)	BBC and IBA TV Responsibilities.

 

Choose the titles A61-63 from the given bellow (1-4). One title is odd.

 

1)	Teaching through TV and Radio.
2)	Breakfast TV.
3)	The Right to Privacy.
4)	New Technologies for Viewers.

 

Part B

 

Task 1.

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning.

 

What do you need to become a successful (0) TV personality? The people who are ……(В1) chosen to host TV quiz shows and chat shows seem to have few ……(В2) for the job apart from having an ……(B3) appearance; in the case of woman, this often means being blonde and ……(B4). A certain level of intelligence and education is ……(B5) but most people who work in the media do not seem to be very ……(B6) in any other respects. The sad thing is that TV personalities have a ……(B7) influence on viewers and it is ……(B8) for younger viewers to admire these charming people, wearing the ……(B9) fashions and always smiling. However, today’s youth deserve ……(B10) role models than these

SUCCESS USUAL QUALIFY ATTRACT   BEAUTY ESSENCE TALENT POWER NATURE LATE GOOD

 

Task 2.

Read the text (B11-B12). Write down two odd words from each sentence in the order they are given in the text.

 

B11.	In her letter she says she is enjoying doing drama at the university but still finds in the social life of a bit boring.

 

B12.	We were pleased to hear this and though in fact I had been advised her to make as many friends as she could.

 

Task 3.

Read text. Fill in the gaps with only one suitable word. The first letter of each missing word is given.

 

MEDIA HYPE

 

The mass media refers to the people and organizations that provide news and i… (B13) for the public. Until recently these were mainly newspapers, television, and radio. Today, computers play a very big p… (B14). The internet is a computer system that allows millions o… (B15) people around the w… (B16) to receive and exchange information about almost anything. Ordinary post has been taken over by e-mail which stands for electronic m… (B17) because it is sent and received via a c… (B18). It is a system that allows people to send m… (B19) to each other quickly and cheaply. Ordinary post is now referred to as ‘snail-mail’ and one wonders i… (B20) the postman is a j… (B21) in danger o… (B22) extinction!

 

Task 4.

Translate into English sentence fragments given in brackets.

 

B23.	The media have to satisfy a very demanding (аудиторию).

 

B24.	Such radio shows were especially (популярный) in the USA and Great Britain.

 

B25.	I am writing in connection with the (рекламой) which appeared on 3 December.

 

 

Test 7

Part A

 

Task 1.

Read the text. Then study the statements after the text and mark them as true (T) or false (F).

 

We are living in the age of swiftly changing and developing communication technologies. New technologies have led to significant changes in the social, economic, and cultural activity of society. Take the Internet as an example. Many people call the Internet one of the modern wonders.

The Internet is an international web of interconnected government, education, business and individuals’ computer networks. Nevertheless the Internet isn’t just about email or the Web anymore. Increasingly, people online are taking the power of the Internet back into their own hands. They’re posting opinions on online journals – weblogs, or blogs; they’re organizing political rallies on MoveOn.org; they’re trading songs on illegal file-sharing networks; they’re volunteering articles for the online encyclopedia Wikipedia; and they’re collaborating with other programmers around the world. Thanks to new technologies such as blog software, peer-to-peer networks, open-source software, people are getting together to take collective action like never before.

eBay, for instance, wouldn’t exist without the 61 million active members who list, sell, and buy millions of items a week. But less obvious is that the whole marketplace runs on the trust created by eBay’s unique feedback system, by which buyers and sellers rate each other on how well they carried out their half of each transaction. Pioneer e-tailer Amazon encourages all kinds of customer participation in the site – including the ability to sell items alongside its own books, CDs, DVDs and electronic goods. MySpace and Facebook are the latest phenomena in social networking, attracting millions of unique visitors a month. Many are music fans, who can blog, email friends, upload photos, and generally socialize. There’s even a 3-D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents, called Second Life, where real companies have