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Text 2. Demand and Supply Curves
Synonyms Ø exact – precise Ø simultaneously – at the same time Ø to charge the price – to set the price Ø apart – separately Ø superficially – on the surface Ø to exceed – to be greater than Ø lucrative – profitable
Antonyms Ø exact – inexact Ø essential – unimportant Ø to concentrate on smth – to pay no attention to Ø admission – expulsion Ø precise – inexact Ø lower – upper Ø to advance – to retreat Ø to be relevant to – to bear no relation to
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) to adopt a definition 2) to bring together buyers and sellers 3) to operate through intermediaries 4) to make a purchase 5) other things equal 6) increasingly lucrative 7) to balance the quantities supplied and demanded 8) supply and demand 9) to involve buyers in forced purchases 10) to react to unsold stocks 11) to eliminate excess demand 12) to charge the price 13) to guide resource allocation 14) to exchange goods and services 15) to bid against each other 16) to perform an economic function 17) at each conceivable price 18) a fall in household incomes 19) to get sick from smth 20) to have a negative slope 21) to approach the problem diagrammatically Text 2. Behind the Supply Curve UNIT 8. SUPPLY & DEMAND (2) Text 1. Behind the Demand Curve
Translate into Russian and practice:
Ø to make the transaction from the old equilibrium to the new one Ø to single out Ø to hold other things constant Ø the relation between price and quantity demanded Ø the things relevant to demand curves Ø the price of related goods Ø the consumer tastes and preferences Ø the quantity of tube travel demanded Ø to make a journey by car Ø an increase in the demand for smth Ø to tend to reduce the price Ø to switch away from one good towards another Ø the influence of prices on the demand for.... Ø the development of new products Ø low fuel consumption cars Ø low–calorie beer Ø to affect the demand for smth Ø to make the product available at a lower price Ø to stimulate the demand Ø to shape tastes and preferences Ø health and fitness Ø jogging equipment
Synonyms Ø inferior goods – low quality goods Ø nasty – ugly Ø convenience – comfort Ø custom – tradition Ø to single out – to point out, to distinguish Ø to embrace – to include Ø ensuing – following Ø to ensue – to result Ø adverse – unfavourable Ø stringent – strict, obligatory Ø to show – to depict Ø to expand – to increase, to make or grow larger Ø efficient – well– managed, profitable
Ø justified – correct, reasonable Ø only – merely Ø to persuade – to induce Ø to ruin – to destroy Ø probably – likely Ø to prevent smb from doing smth – to stop smb from doing smth Ø a process – a way Ø to extract – to dig out Ø to protect – to prevent harm Ø shipping – delivery Ø constant – stable – unchanging Ø nasty – unpleasant Antonyms Ø prohibit – allow Ø nasty – beautiful, wonderful, nice, good Ø precisely – loosely Ø inputs – outputs Ø private – public Ø raw – finished Ø to impose regulations – to remove regulations Ø probably – unlikely Ø profitable – unprofitable Ø adverse – favourable
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) to shift the PPF outwards 2) to discuss smth in (greater) detail 3) efficient producer 4) to make a profit 5) to expand output 6) to work overtime 7) to provide an incentive to produce more 8) to slope upward (downward) 9) to shift the curve to the right (left) 10) total cost 11) improvements in packaging techniques 12) faster shipping 13) better refrigeration 14) to enable the firm to supply more 15) production methods 16) the development of disease– resistant seeds 17) improved weather forecasting 18) timing of planting and harvesting 19) a reduction in input prices 20) to induce firms to produce more 21) to destroy the crop 22) ensuing scarcity 23) an adverse technological change for produces 24) to extract surface mineral deposits
UNIT 9. PRICE, INCOME AND DEMAND
Text 1. The Price Responsiveness of Demand
Synonyms Ø to seek – to look for Ø to give up – to quit, to stop
Antonyms Ø rarely – frequently Ø upward – downward Ø straight – crooked Ø positive – negative Ø include – omit Ø brevity – length Ø negligible – substantial, serious
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) hypothetical numbers 2) a trivial cut in the price 3) a negligible effect 4) to measure commodities in different units 5) to examine the percentage change
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