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Text 1. The Tools of Economic AnalysisСодержание книги Поиск на нашем сайте
Synonyms Ø to ponder – to contemplate – to think over – to think carefully about Ø to include – to embrace Ø exact – precise Ø to square – to correspond, to be in line with Ø crucial – the most important Ø to alert – to warn Ø to overlook – to miss out Ø confidence – trust Ø spurious – false Ø intelligent – clever Ø to omit – to neglect – to ignore Ø likely – probable
Antonyms Ø to include – to miss out Ø precise – imprecise Ø previously – afterwards Ø subtle – crude Ø intelligent – stupid Ø likely – improbable Translate into Russian and practice: 1) the description of the past 2) the prediction of the future 3) society’s value judgments 4) to master the tools of trade 5) a series of simplifying assumptions 6) a deliberate simplification of reality 7) to omit some details 8) to concentrate on the essentials 9) to miss out features 10) to quantify the relationships 11) to draw attention to 12) to square with relevant facts
Text 2. Index Numbers
Synonyms Ø calculate – to work out Ø derive – to get from Ø purpose – aim Ø to assign – to give, to put forward Ø apparent – evident Ø to plot – to draw a figure Ø to resemble – to look alike
Antonyms Ø gradually – sharply Ø to resemble – to look unlike
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) to present data as index numbers 2) to quote actual prices 3) specified quantities of smth 4) relative to a given base value 5) annual averages for a good in selected years 6) to exhibit a percentage increase 7) to assign some value to the price of a good 8) starting value 9) to increase sixfold 10) to double 11) to interpret the data 12) striking difference in behavior 13) to pass unnoticed 14) to derive a single measure 15) to construct an index 16) to make a single time series out of two 17) to reflect the purpose of smth 18) industrial inputs 19) the relative use of two goods 20) to have a relatively low weight
UNIT 6. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (2) Text 1. Economic Models
Synonyms Ø to choose – to pick out Ø to omit – to miss out – to neglect – to ignore Ø straight away – immediately, right now Ø minor – unimportant – insignificant Ø shortly – soon Ø underground – tube – metro Ø to cut – to reduce Ø to lead to – to result in Ø to imagine – to suppose Ø to alter – to change – to vary Ø constant – unchanged, unaltered Ø to matter – to be of importance Ø broadly – approximately, roughly
Antonyms Ø gradually – sharply Ø altered – unaltered Ø suggestive – conclusive Ø initially – finally, eventually Ø to adopt – to reject Ø to encourage – to discourage Ø affected by – unresponsive Ø include – omit Ø inclusion – omission Ø broad – narrow Ø to ignore (to neglect) – to pay attention to
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) to influence the number of passengers through smth 2) the model of traveller behavior 3) to study the theory in detail 4) to remain unaltered 5) to depend on all the things listed inside the brackets 6) to take the effects into account 7) to set (raise) a question 8) to apply common sense 9) to be relevant 10) to be sensitive to the costs of competing alternatives 11) to use the terms interchangeably 12) the predicted number of journeys demanded 13) to lead to a serious error 14) to raise the revenue from tube fares 15) to model the demand for tube journeys 16) the determinants of the demand for tube journeys 17) the determine the number of passengers 18) to be unresponsive to changes 19) to adopt a model 20) minor effects 21) economics in action 22) to bring extra revenue 23) to run the tube services 24) to lead to disastrous losses 25) to refer the matter to the court Text 2. Scatter Diagrams
Synonyms Ø to make smb do smth – to force smb to do smth Ø shortly – soon Ø to infer – to conclude Ø in spite of – despite
Antonyms Ø to slope up – to slope down Ø suggestive – conclusive Ø sufficient(ly) – insufficient(ly)
Translate into Russian and practice: 1) the relation between tube fare and real revenue 2) measured at 1973 prices 3) to be confident about one’s future 4) correct for inflation 5) the years of the highest revenue 6) expressed in 1973 prices 7) to compensate for the fact 8) in real terms 9) to capture the relation 10) associated with the highest revenue 11) to make total revenue go down 12) in spite of higher prices 13) the analysis is suggestive 14) to reduce passenger use 15) to obtain the revenue from selling tube fares 16) to make the revenue go down 17) parking charges 18) to abandon cars in favour of buses 19) to reduce passenger use
UNIT 7. SUPPLY & DEMAND (1) Text 1. The Market
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