Функції Інфінітива у реченні.

1. Підмета:

To follow him is dangerous. – Супроводжувати його небезпечно.

2. Предикатива (іменної частини складного присудка).

The point is to achieve the aim. – Головне – досягти мети.

3. Частини дієслівного складеного присудка.

We must stay at home. – Ми маємо залишитися вдома.

4. Додатка.

He asked me to wait. – Він попросив мене почекати.

5. Означення.

The work to be done was difficult. – Робота, яку треба було зробити, була важкою.

6. Обставини мети.

I have come here to meet her. – Я прийшов сюди, щоб зустрітися з нею.

Exercise 1. Use the infinitive with “to” or without it.

1. I’d like … speak to the teacher. 2. They wanted … cross the river. 3. She did not let her mother … go away. 4. Would you like … go to England? 5. That funny scene made me … laugh. 6. It’s high time for you … go to bed. 7. My brother can … speak Spanish. 8. I saw him … enter the room. 9. You look tired. You had better … go home. 10. Do you want … listen to good music? 11. I was planning … do a lot of things yesterday. 12. Let me … help you with your homework. 13. May I … use your telephone? 14. I would rather … stay at home today. 15. I think I shall be able … solve this problem. 16. What makes you … think you are right? 17. I wanted … speak to Nick, but could not … find his telephone number.

Exercise 2. Change the sentences according to the model using Infinitive.

E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with.

The boy had many toys to play with.

1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 3. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 4. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 5. I need a pen or a pencil I could write with. 6. I have brought you a book which you can read now. 7. Soon she found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider. 8. I have no books which I can read. 9. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 10. Don’t forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 11. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 12. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 13. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 14. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the discotheque with you.

Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian, paying attention to Active Infinitive or Passive Infinitive.

A. 1. To play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. Isn’t it natural that we like to be praised and don’t like to be scolded. 3. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 4. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 5. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 6. This is the book to be read during summer. 7. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage.8. He is very forgetful, but he doesn’t like to be reminded of his duties.

B. 1. Molecules are too small to be seen even with the most powerful microscope. 2. To find the mass of the electron was then of prime importance. 3. There are some other groups of compounds to be mentioned. 4. To obtain the number of watts, we multiply volts by amperes. 5. This element is to be found free in nature. 6. The first scientist to discover this phenomenon was Lavoisier. 7. Joule was the first to note definitely this phenomenon.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Perfect Infinitive:

A. 1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 3. He was awfully glad to have met her. 4. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 5. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 6. She was sorry to have kept you waiting. 7. Sorry not to have noticed you. 8. I am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 9. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about her neighbor. 10. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 11. Why have you made this mistake? You must have known the rule. 12. I could have gone to the conference, but I lost my invitation. 13. You might have made the experiment more carefully. 14. They believe the substance to have dissolved.

Exercise 5. Change the sentences according to the model, using the Infinitive constructions.

E.g. He is sorry that he has said it.

He is sorry to have said it.

1. It is certain that it will rain, if you don’t take your umbrella. 2. Don’t promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can. 3. He was happy that he was praised by everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here. 7. We must wait till we hear the examination results. 8. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 9. I should be delighted if I could join you. 10. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.

Exercise 6. Open the brackets using the necessary form of the Infinitive.

1. He seems (to read) a lot. 2. He seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. We expect (to be) back in two days. 6. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 7. The children seem (to play) since morning. 8. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 9. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 10. I am sorry (to break) your pen. 11. I want (to take) you to the concert. 12. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 13. She hoped (to help) her friends. 14. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 15. They seem (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 16. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 17. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 18. They seemed (to wait) for ages. 19. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 20. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous expedition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings.

Exercise 7.

I. Запам`ятайте словосполучення з інфінітивом:

To cut a long story short – коротше кажучи

To tell (you) the truth – по правді кажучи

To say nothing of – не кажучи вже про

To put it mildly – м`ягко висловлюючись

To say the least of it – принаймні

To begin with – почнемо з того, що

II. Запам`ятайте наступні речення:

The book leaves much to be desired. – Книга залишає бажати кращого.

He is difficult to deal with. – З ним важко мати справу.

He is hard to please. – Йому важко догодити.

She is pleasant to look at. – На неї приємно дивитись.

I have nothing to read. – Мені нема чого читати.

She has nobody to speak with. – Їй ні з ким поговорити.

What is to be done? – Що робити?

Who is to blame? – Хто винен?

I am not to blame. – Я не винен.

To see is to believe. – Бачити – це вірити.

He was the first (last) to come. – Він прийшов першим (останнім).

It is out of the question to go there. – Не може бути й мови, щоб туди піти.

Exercise 8. Translate into English, using Infinitive.

1. На нього неприємно було дивитись. 2. Його поведінка залишала бажати кращого. 3. Почнемо з того, що він часто помиляється. 4. Вчора Катя прийшла до роботи останньою. 5. Мені нікуди їхати влітку. 6. У тебе є з ким обговорити цю проблему? 7. М`яко кажучи, ти помиляєшся. 8. Коротше кажучи, цей іспит він не склав. 9. Вашій сестрі важко догодити. 10. Ми всі були дуже раді, не кажучи про маму. 11. Не може бути й мови про купівлю машини у цьому році. 12. Ти бачиш, що їм нічого їсти. 13. Хто в цьому винен? 14. Правду кажучи, я дуже втомився. 15. В нашій родині мати завжди прокидається першою. 16. Коротше кажучи, вони почали вивчати ще одну мову. 17. Хто останній заходив до аудіторії? 18. Що робити? 19. Дитині ні з ким погратися увечері. 20. З моїм сусідом важко мати справу.

Exercise 9. Translate into English.

1. Я радий, що розповів вам цю історію. 2. Я радий, що мені розповіли цю історію. 3. Я хочу познайомити вас з цим письменником. 4. Я хочу, щоб мене познайомили з цим письменником. 5. Ми дуже щасливі, що запросили його на вечір. 6. Ми дуже щасливі, що нас запросили на вечір. 7. Діти люблять, коли їм розповідають казки. 8. Я не очікував, що мене зупинять. 9. Він не переносить, коли йому брешуть. 10. Я згадав, що вже зустрічав це слово в якійсь книжці. 11. Мені дуже шкода, що я пропустив цю цікаву лекцію. 12. Я тільки хочу, щоб мені допомогли. 13. Він був щасливий, що повернувся додому. 14. Він був щасливий, що знову дома. 15. Я шкодую, що не застала вас дома.

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