Where, which, after, why, that, while, what, who, if, as, since.

1. You have not changed... I saw you last. 2.... he has finished his work, he may go home. 3. The house... we live in is new. 4. I will give you the book... you bring it to­morrow. 5.... the working day in Vladivostok is coming to an end, it is early (ранний) morning in Kaliningrad. 6. The man... you are speaking about is in the next door room. 7.... electricity had been discovered, it came into use in all branches (отрасль) of industry. 8. Torricelli was the first man... could measure air pressure (давление). 9. Helium is a gas... we get from the air. 10. The great ocean of air... surrounds the earth is in motion. 11. I think... I can finish my work in a week. 12. I do not understand... you are writing about. 13. Ask him... he has brought all the books. 14. I do not know... I will go in summer.

Упр. 3. Объясните значение некоторых слов. Выберите из списка правильное значение и запишите его. Придаточное предложение должно начинаться с «who»:

he/she	steals from a shop designs buildings doesn't believe in God is not brave
buys something from a shop pays rent to live in a house or flat breaks into a house to steal things no longer works and gets money from the state

 

1) (an architect) An architect is someone who designs buildings

2) (a burglar) A burglar is someone..........................................................

3) (a customer)...............................................................................................

4) (a shoplifter)..............................................................................................

5) (a coward)..............................................................................................

6) (an atheist)...............................................................................................

7) (a pensioner)..............................................................................................

8) (a tenant)...............................................................................................

Упр. 4. Составьте одно предложение из двух. Используйте who/ that/ which:

1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.

The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.

2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were away.

The man...............................................................................................

3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.

The.......................................................................................................

4. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

5. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

The.:.....................................................................................................

6. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.

……………………………………………………………………

Упр. 5. Закончите предложения, используя информацию, данную в рамке:

he invented the telephone	It makes washing machines
she runs away from home	it gives you the meaning of words
they are never on time	it won the race
they stole my car	it can support life
they were on the wall	it cannot be explained

 

1. Barbara works for a company that makes washig mashines

2. The book is about a girl …

3. What was the name of the horse...

4. The police have caught the men...

5. Alexander Bell was the man...

6. What's happened to the pictures...

7. A mystery is something...

8. A dictionary is a book...

9. I don't like people...

10. It seems that Earth is the only planet...

 

Упр. 6. Прочитайте вслух и переведите на русский язык:

1. Here's the document you're looking for.

2. That's just the problem we have to solve.

3. What's the name of the book you're interested in?

4. Isn't it a screen version of the book you talked to me about?

5. I'm going to say a few words about a problem we must settle in the near future.

6. Here's an article you must all read from beginning to end.

7. He's going to speak about the progress his team's made in the past few years.

8. Let me read you the congratulations we've just received.

9. We're going to write an article about the experiments we've done recently.

10. The person you wanted to talk to is coming tomorrow.

11. The photos you wanted to look at are on my table.

12. Today we're finishing the job we all started a year ago.

13. Now I can give you a definite answer to the question you asked me last time.

14. Let me show you the models you're interested in.

15. I'm afraid they can't settle the problem you're talking about so soon.

Упр. 7. Прочитайте эти предложения вслух и объясните, почему в некоторых из них нельзя опустить относительное местоиме­ние:

1. The experiment, which took a year, is definitely a success.

2. The experiment 'm talking about is definitely a success.

3. Have you answered all the faxes that came this morning?

4. Have you answered all the faxes we received this morning?

5. Have you met the man you're going to work with?

6. Have you met the man who's going to work with you?

7. I'm sorry, but the person you're waiting for is at a conference just now.

8. I'm sorry, but the person who can help you with your problem is in conference now. Can you wait?

9. I've read the article you told me about from beginning to end.

10. I've just read an article which is very important for the work f I'm doing now.

11. The experiments, which started at the beginning of the year, went on till May.

12. Not all the experiments they have done recently are successful.

13. What's the name of the reporter who's going to interview the winners?

14. The reporter you all liked so much is definitely making progress in his job.

 

Упр. 8. Составьте одно предложение из двух:

1. (Ann took some photographs. Have you seen them?)

Have you seen the photographs Ann took?

2. (You gave me a pen. I've lost it.)

I've lost the..............................................................................................?

3 (Sue is wearing a jacket. I like it.)

I like the...................................................................................................?

4. (I gave you some flowers. Where are they?)

Where are the...........................................................................................?

5. (He told us a story. I didn't believe it.)

I................................................................................................................?

6. (You bought some oranges. How much were they?)

How …………………….………………………………………………..

Упр. 9. Составьте одно предложение из двух:

1. (I was carrying a bag. It was very heavy.)

The bag I was carrying was very heavy...

2. (You cooked a meal. It was excellent.)

The..............................................................................................................

3. (I'm wearing shoes. They aren't very comfortable.)

The shoes....................................................................................................

4. (We invited some people to dinner. They didn't come.)

The ……………………………………………………………………….

Упр. 10. Закончите предложения, используя информацию, данную в рамке:

I looked at a map I was sitting on a chair you stayed at a hotel

they live in a house we were waiting for a bus Linda is dancing with a man

you were looking for some keys you spoke to some people

 

1. What's the name of the hotel you stadyed at ……………………...........?

2. Who are the people................................................................................?

3. Did you find the.....................................................................................?

4. The......................................................................... is too small for them.

5. The................................................................................wasn't very clear.

6. I fell off....................................................................................................

7..............................................................................................was very late.

8. Who is....................................................................................................?

Упр. 11. Определите, в каких предложениях возможно бессоюзное присоеди­нение придаточных предложений. Дайте обоснование своего ответа:

1. Everybody knows how agriculture is connected with hu­man life. 2. He says that the work was done in time. 3. We know that the sun is our most important source (источник) of energy. 4. The man whom we call (называть) the founder of Periodic Law is Mendeleyev. 5. The greatest problem in dry regions is where one can get water. 6. Man cultivated fruit trees where no vegetables had been grown before. 7. Many things that we use in everyday life are made from plants. 8. An ideal soil is one which is never waterlogged (забола­чивать) in summer.

Упр. 12. Скажите, какие союзы можно было бы использовать для присоеди­нения придаточных предложений в следующих бессоюзных сложно­подчиненных предложениях:

1. Timiryazev was the professor the students highly re­spected (уважать). 2. Mathematics is the subject I like most. 3. One of the first things man needed was food. 4. In his report the scientist spoke about all the countries he had seen. 5. The facts the newspaper referred to were very important. 6. Tell me the name of the student you work with at your English. 7. Agricultural engineer is a profession we are inter­ested in.

Subjunctive Mood

Сослагательное наклонение

В отличие от изъявительного наклонения, обозначающего действие как факт, сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive Mood) выражает действие предполагаемое, желаемое или возможное при определенных условиях.

В русском языке сослагательное наклонение = глагол в прошедшем времени + бы.

Эта форма используется для настоящего, прошедшего и будущего. Союзы в условных придаточных предложениях:

if — если

unless — если … не

provided (providing) — (при условии) если

 

 

В английском языке употребляются несколько форм сослагательного наклонения.

I. Две синтетические формы:

1. Глагол в форме инфинитива, который используется во всех лицах настоящего, прошедшего и будущего времени, в придаточных предложениях с that, когда главное предложение выражает требование, решимость, рекомендацию и т.п

(to demand, to require, to insist, to suggest, to osk и т.п. + that …)

The authorities insist that everybody inform themselves of these rules.

Руководство настаивает на том, чтобы все ознакомились с этими правилами

2. Глагол в форме инфинитива, употребляется в устойчивых выражениях типа:

Come what may we will go ahead.	Чтобы ни случилось, мы не остановимся.
Be that as it may.	Будь что будет.

 

II. Аналитическая форма сослагательного наклонения представляет собой сочетание should с инфинитивом без частицы to. Эта форма используется в тех же придаточных предложениях, что и форма инфинитива (пункт I.1).

It is necessary that the car should be repaired by fomorrow.	Необходимо, чтобы машина была отремонтирована к завтрашнему дню.
He demanded that the car should be repaired by fomorrow.	Он потребовал, чтобы машина была отремонтирована к завтрашнему дню.

III. Форма сослагательного наклонения глагола to be — were для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа употребляется в условных предложениях, а также в придаточных предложениях после глагола to wish.

If she were with us now …	Если бы она сейчас была с нами …
He spoke with me as it I were deaf.	Он говорил со мной так, как будто я глухая.
I wish I were young again!	Как бы мне хотелось быть снова молодым!

В первом примере возможно употребление was. Это характерно для разговорной речи.

Употребление форм изъявительного или сослагательного наклонения в условных предложениях (табл.)

Условие	Тип предлож.	Структура сложноподчиненного предложения
Реальное условие в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем временах	Zero type (нулевой тип)
Present	+	Present
Past	+	Past
If you press this button the engine stops.		Если вы нажмете на эту клавишу, двигатель остановится.
If the weather wasgood, we wentskiing.		Если погода была хорошая, мы катались на лыжах.
Fist type (первый тип)
	Present	+	Future Will + infinitive без «to»
If sherindsthis evening, Iwill let you know.		Если она позвонит сегодня вечером, я дам вам знать.
Маловероят-ное или нереальное условие в настоящем или будущем	Second type (второй тип)
	Past Indefinite	+	Would + Indefinite infinitive без «to»
What would you do, if you became President?		Что бы вы сделали, если бы вы стали президентом.
Нереальное условие в прошлом	Third type (третий тип)
	Past Perfect	+	Would + Perfect Infinitive
If I hadn’t seen her, she would have drowned.		Если б я не увидел её, она бы утонула.