Is headed by a Secretary-General appointed by the General Assembly.

Task 9. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English:

1) Поява міжнародних організацій була зумовлена зростанням взаємозв'язків і взаємозалежності країн і народів у світі. 2) Назва Об'єднаних Націй була вперше запропонована президентом Сполучених Штатів Франкліном Д. Рузвельтом. 3) Попередником ООН була Ліга Націй, заснована в 1919 році відповідно до Версальського договору «для розвитку співробітництва між народами й для забезпечення їм миру й безпеки». 4) Організація Об'єднаних Націй офіційно існує з 24 жовтня 1945 року. 5) Двадцять четверте жовтня щорічно відзначається як День Організації Об'єднаних Націй. 6) Організація Об'єднаних Націй є унікальною міжнародною організацією. 7) Рада Безпеки вживає заходи проти агресора з допомогою сил, що надаються в її розпорядження. 8) Місцеперебуванням Міжнародного Суду, заснованого Статутом Об'єднаних Націй у якості головного судового органа Об'єднаних Націй, є Гаага, Нідерланди. 9) Міжнародний Суд є форумом для мирного врегулювання юридичних спорів між державами. 10) Рада Безпеки відповідно до Статуту ООН несе головну відповідальність за підтримку міжнародного миру й безпеки.

 

Glossary: admission 1. permission to enter or the right, authority, etc., to enter; 2. the price charged for entrance; 3. acceptance for a position, office, etc.; 4. a confession, as of a crime, mistake, etc; 5. an acknowledgment of the truth or validity of something; obligation1. a promise, acknowledgment, or agreement (as a contract) that binds one to a specific performance (as payment); also: the binding power of such an agreement or indication obligations of contracts; 2: a debt security (as a corporate or government bond); 3.what one is obligated to do, satisfy, or fulfill: as a: a commitment to pay a particular amount of money obligation, legal or moral; amount owed in such a commitment b: a duty arising from law, contract etc.; affiliate 1. To adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or branch: The HMO affiliated the clinics last year; 2.To associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, employee, or member: affiliated herself with a new law firm. 3.To assign the origin of; council 1.An assembly of persons called together for consultation, deliberation, or discussion. 2. A body of people elected or appointed to serve as administrators, legislators, or advisors. 3. An assembly of church officials and theologians convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline. Usage Note: Council, counsel, and consul are never interchangeable, though their meanings are related. Council and councilor refer principally to a deliberative assembly (such as a city council or student council), its work, and its membership. Counsel and counselor pertain chiefly to advice and guidance in general and to a person (such as a lawyer or camp counselor) who provides it. Consul denotes an officer in the foreign service of a country.

Language Focus

Task 1. Word formation. Complete these tables by filling in the correct noun and adjective forms of the nouns listed.

noun	adjective
independence	independent
recommendation
principle
election
equality
responsibility
mandate
division
exception
formation

 

Task 2. Words easily confused. Distinguish the following words by matching each with its definition. Then use one word from each pair to complete the sentences that follow.

Advice / advise

a ……… (verb): to recommend or to offer guidance.

b ……….(noun): guidance.

The accountant provides tax ……. which can help lower your tax commitments.

I was ……. not to buy that car as it has fuel consumption problems.

 

Censure / censor

a ………: to express strong disapproval

b ……….: to suppress unacceptable parts

The film was …….. by the government in 1997 and not allowed to be seen in theatres until 2005.

The other committee members ……..his statement regarding their chairman's abilities.

 

Council / counsel

a ………: an administrative or advisory body

b ……….: a legal advisor or someone who provides professional advice

A person held under arrest by the police in the United Kingdom has the right to legal ……..during any interviews.

The town ……..voted to convert the old factory into a theatre workshop.

Task 3. Write an essay on the United Nations using the linking words and phrases listed below.

To list points: Firstly, first of all, to begin / start with, secondly, thirdly, finally.

To introduce arguments for and against:

It could be argued that…

One very convincing argument in favour of… / against…

APPENDIX 1

The Charter of the United Nations

CHAPTER I: PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES

Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and

4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

Article 2

The Organisation and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.

1. The Organisation is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.

2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.

3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Puiposes of the United Nations.

5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

6. The Organisation shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter Vll.

 

APPENDIX 2

STATUTE
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Article 1

The International Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute.

CHAPTER I - ORGANISATION OF THE COURT

Article 2

The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law.

Article 3

1. The Court shall consist of fifteen members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same state.

2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court could be regarded as a national of more than one state shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights.

Article 4

1. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, in accordance with the following provisions.

2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not represented in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be nominated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their governments under the same conditions as those prescribed for members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of the Convention of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of international disputes.

3. The conditions under which a state which is a party to the present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may participate in electing the members of the Court shall, in the absence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council.

Article 22

1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. This, however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exercising its functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it desirable.