Теоретическая фонетика английского языка (на английском языке)

I вариант

1. The branch of Phonetics that studies the way in which the air vibrates between the speaker’s mouth and the listener’s ear is:

a) acoustic phonetics;

b) auditory phonetics;

c) articulatory phonetics.

2. Individual sounds of speech refer to:

a) segmental phonetics;

b) suprasegmental phonetics.

3. Speaker’s individuality, temporal provenance, social provenance, sex, age belong to:

a) phonetic style-forming factors;

b) incidental, concomitant features of the extralinguistic situation.

4. The phenomenon of hesitation is observed mostly in:

a) prepared speech;

b) spontanious speech.

5. The term “phoneme” is used to mean “sound”:

a) in its contrastive sense;

b) to describe sounds which are variants of a phoneme.

6. The principal allophones of the phoneme:

a) do not undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech;

b) occur under the influence of the neighbouring sounds in different phonemic situations.

7. The invariant of the phoneme considers such articulatory features that:

a) can be changed without affecting the meaning;

b) can not be changed without affecting the meaning.

8. The pronunciation error is called phonetic if:

a) an allophone of the same phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme;

b) an allophone of the phoneme is replaced by another allophone of the same phoneme.

9. The narrow or allophonic transcription suggests:

a) special symbols for all the phonemes of a language;

b) special symbols including some information about articulatory activity of particular allophonic features.

10. The “mentalistic” or “psychological” phoneme theory was originated by:

a) D. Jones and L. Bloomfield;

b) N. Trubetskoy, R. Jacobson and M. Halle;

c) I. A. Baudain de Courtenay.

11. In modern Russian linguistic the following conception of phoneme is adopted:

a) “functional”;

b) “mentalistic” or “psychological”;

c) “abstract”

e) “physical”

f) “materialistic”.

12. The phonemes are to be said in contrastive distribution if:

a) they occur in different positions and never occur in the same phonetic context;

b) they occur in the same phonetic context.

13. Russian linguists widely use the following method of phonological analysis:

a) semantic;

b) distributional.

14. The term “accomodation” is used by linguists to denote the interchange of:

a) “vowel + consonant” type;

b) “consonant + consonant” type.

15. Loss of plosion is a result of:

a) the manner of articulation assimilation;

b) the lip position accomodation;

c) the position of the soft palate accomodation.

16. The problem of vowels in unstressed position is important for:

a) the Russian language;

b) the English language;

c) the both.

17. Grammatical forms of words and lexical units are distinguished by:

a) historical sound alternations;

b) stylistic sound modifications.

18. Careful articulation and relatively low speed are the features of:

a) informal speech;

b) formal speech.

19. The theory of muscular tension was introduced by:

a) O. Jespersen;

b) V. A. Vassilyev;

c) L. V. Shcherba;

d) R. H. Stetson.

20. The majority of linguists treat the syllable as:

a) a purely articulatory unit;

b) the smallest pronounceable unit which can reveal some linguistic function.

21. The structure of the syllable in English is mostly:

a) open;

b) closed.

22. English word stress is a phenomenon, marked by the variations of:

a) force and pitch;

b) quantity and quality;

c) all these factors.

23. In English word stress is:

a) free;

b) fixed.

24. Two equal stresses are typical for:

a) English;

b) Russian.

25. The terms of which level are more suitable for the aims of teaching:

a) of the acoustic level;

b) of the auditory level.

26. The nucleus of an intonation pattern is formed by:

a) all the stressed syllables of this pattern;

b) the last strongly accented syllable of this pattern;

c) the last two accented syllable of this pattern.

27. The falling tone is common for:

a) orders and commands;

b) general questions;

c) requests.

28. All the sections of the intonation pattern differentiate only:

a) grammatical meaning;

b) lexical meaning;

c) emotional meaning.

29. The initial unstressed syllables preceding the prosodic nucleus are called:

a) proclitics;

b) enclitics.

30. Pauses of perception are:

a) a silent stop on the phonation;

b) a sharp change of pitch direction.

31. RP in Great Britain nowadays is:

a) the conservative RP form, used by the older generation;

b) the general RP form adopted by the BBC;

c) the advanced RP forms, mainly used by young people of the upper classes;

d) the combination of all these forms.

33. The velar fricative [х] occurs in a number of words in:

a) in RP;

b) in Welsh English;

c) in Scotish English.

34. The following variants of English are referred to the American-based group:

a) New Zealand English;

b) Canadian English;

c) Welsh English.

34. General American is spoken in:

a) the central Atlantic States;

b) New England and New York city;

c) the South and South-East of the USA.

35. Some words (address, magazine) have first-syllable stress in:

a) RP;

b) GA.

 

II вариант

1. The branch of Phonetics that studies the way in which the air is set in motion, the movements of the speech organs and the coordination of these movements in the production of single sounds is:

a) acoustic phonetics;

b) auditory phonetics;

c) articulatory phonetics.

2. Intonation and accent patterns refer to the level of:

a) segmental phonetics;

b) suprasegmental phonetics.

3. The aim of the utterance refers to:

a) phonetic style-forming factors;

b) incidental, concomitant features of the extralinguistic situation.

4. Distinct, thorough and precise speech is typical for:

a) official situations of speaking;

b)) unofficial situations of speaking.

5. The term “allophone” is used to mean “sound”:

a) in its contrastive sense;

b) to describe sounds which are variants of a phoneme.

6. The subsidiary allophones of the phoneme:

a) do not undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech;

b) occur under the influence of the neighbouring sounds in different phonemic situations.

7. The invariant of the phoneme considers such articulatory features that:

a) can be changed without affecting the meaning;

b) can not be changed without affecting the meaning.

8. The pronunciation error is called phonological if:

a) an allophone of the same phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme;

b) an allophone of the phoneme is replaced by another allophone of the same phoneme.

9. The broad or phonemic transcription suggests:

a) special symbols for all the phonemes of a language;

b) special symbols including some information about articulatory activity of particular allophonic features.

10. The “functional” phoneme theory was originated by:

a) D. Jones and L. Bloomfield;

b) N. Trubetskoy, R. Jacobson and M. Halle;

c) I. A. Baudain de Courtenay.

11. In modern Russian linguistics the following conception of phoneme is adopted:

a) “functional”;

b) “mentalistic” or “psychological”;

c) “abstract”

e) “physical”

f) “materialistic”.

12. The phonemes are to be said in complementary distribution if:

a) they occur in different positions and never occur in the same phonetic context;

b) they occur in the same phonetic context.

13. In foreign linguistics the following method of phonological analysis is widely used:

a) semantic;

b) distributional.

14. The term “assimilation” is used by linguists to denote the interchange of:

a) “vowel + consonant” type;

b) “consonant + consonant” type.

15. Slight nasalization in the word and is result of:

a) the manner of articulation assimilation;

b) the lip position accomodation;

c) the position of the soft palate accomodation.

16. The problem of vowels in unstressed position is actual for:

a) the Russian language;

b) the English language;

c) the both.

17. Sound neutralization or sound less explicit articulation is the feature of:

a) historical sound alternations;

b) stylistic sound modifications.

18. Vowel elision is the features of:

a) informal speech;

b) formal speech.

19. The theory of sonority as the explanation of nature was adopted by:

a) O. Jespersen;

b) V. A. Vassilyev;

c) L. V. Shcherba;

d) R. H. Stetson.

20. The majority of linguists treat the syllable as:

a) a purely articulatory unit;

b) the smallest pronounceable unit which can reveal some linguistic function.

21. The structure of the syllable in Russian is mostly:

a) open;

b) closed.

22. The following term is broader:

a) stress;

b) prominence.

23. In English word stress is:

a) free;

b) fixed.

24. The quantitative component of word stress is a relevant characteristic for:

a) English;

b) Russian.

25. The following tendency results in the position of word stress in the word begin:

a) recessive;

b) rhythmic;

c) retentive;

d) semantic.

26. The head of an intonation pattern is formed by:

a) all the stressed syllables of this pattern up to the last stressed one;

b) the last strongly accented syllable of this pattern;

c) the last two accented syllable of this pattern.

27. The rising tone is common for:

a) statements containing an implication;

b) special questions;

c) commands.

28. The following function do not refer to the function of intonation:

a) the differentiation of grammatical meaning;

b) the differentiation of emotional meaning.

29. Pauses of hesitation:

a) consider the work of the vocal cords;

b) do not consider the work of the vocal cords.

30. The least studied component of intonation is:

a) stress;

b) the pitch of the voice;

c) tambre;

d) the system of pausation and tempo.

31. RP in Great Britain nowadays is:

a) the conservative RP form, used by the older generation;

b) the general RP form adopted by the BBC;

c) the advanced RP forms, mainly used by young people of the upper classes;

d) the combination of all these forms.

32. The following variants of English are referred to the English-based group:

a) Welsh English;

b) Canadian English;

c) United States English.

33. The sound [l] is clear in all positions:

a) in RP;

b) in Welsh English;

c) in Scotish English.

34. General American is spoken in:

a) the central Atlantic States;

b) New England and New York city;

c) the South and South-East of the USA.

35. Polysyllabic words ending in –ory, -ary, -mony have second stress in:

a) RP;

b) GA.

 

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