Other examples of shapes and their disposition

Sound signals must be used when needed and in restricted visibility.

There are only three types of sound-signal equipment mentioned in the Rules – whistle, bell and gong, with the latter only required on vessels 100 meters or more in length. As with everything else, the specifications of the equipment are prescribed in the rules. The whistle and gong are used by larger vessels when anchored in poor visibility in addition to the normal sound signals.

· A “short blast ” is a signal on the foghorn (or whistle) of about one second duration.

· A “long blast” is of four to six second duration.

When moving, a ship may use the following basic signals to “contact” other ships:

· One short blast – I am altering my course to starboard.

· Two short blasts – I am altering my course to port.

· Three short blasts – I am operating astern propulsion.

V. Make-up word combinations and translate them:

1) short aground 1)____________________________

2) sound visibility 2)____________________________

3) sailing blast 3)____________________________

4) stern mile 4)____________________________

5) vessel light 5)____________________________

6) vertical blast 6)____________________________

7) main vessel 7)____________________________

8) restricted light 8)____________________________

9) masthead line 9)____________________________

10) nautical signal 10)___________________________

11) running mast 11)___________________________

12) long lights 12)___________________________

VI. Different types of lights must be used aboard the ship. Read and translate Rule 21 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972. Match types of lights with their definitions before:

1. “Masthead light”   2. “Sidelights”     3. “Stern light”     4. “Towing light”     5. “All-round light”   6. “Flashing light”

a) means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. b) means a yellow light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. c) means a white light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. d) means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. e) means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. f) means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side.

VII. Find in the exercise above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1. буксирувальний вогонь – ______________________________________________

2. безперервне світло – __________________________________________________

3. дуга горизонта у 360º – _______________________________________________

4. топовий вогонь – _____________________________________________________

5. бортові вогні – _______________________________________________________

6. круговий вогонь – ____________________________________________________

7. діаметральна плоскість судна – _________________________________________

8. кормовий вогонь – ___________________________________________________

9. проблисковий вогонь – _______________________________________________

10. позаду траверза кожного борта – _______________________________________

11. світити від напрямку прямо по носу – ___________________________________

12. через регулярні інтервали – ____________________________________________

VIII. Self-assessment questions:

1. What is the minimum range of a masthead light on vessels of different lengths to be visible?

2. What colour should the masthead light be?

3. What colours should the sidelights be?

4. Should we use light and shape signals all the time?

5. When must shape signals be shown?

6. When must light signals be shown?

7. When must sound signals be used?

8. What kind of sound signal equipment do you know?

 

 

UNIT 8

LIGHTS, SHAPES AND SOUND SIGNALS (PART II)

I. Vocabulary. Study the following words and word combinations:

1. to make speed through the water – мати хід відносно води

2. mine clearing – виявлення та знешкодження мін (розмінування)

3. vessel engaged in dredging – судно, зайняте днопоглиблювальними роботами

4. underwater operations – підводні роботи

5. obstruction [qb'strAkSqn] – перешкода

6. corresponding (to) [ˏkOrI'spOndIN] – відповідний (до)

7. to exhibit [Ig'zIbIt] – показувати, виставляти

8. apex ['eIpeks] – вершина, верх, верхня точка

9. upwards ['Apwqdz] – вгору, догори

10. grounded ['graVndId] vessel – судно на мілині

11. to ring (rang, rung) [rIN] – дзвонити

12. rapidly ['rxpIdlI] – швидко

13. distinct [dIs'tIN(k)t] – виразний, чіткий

14. stroke [strqVk] – удар

15. warning ['wO:nIN] – попередження

16. flash [flxS] – спалах, проблиск

17. narrow ['nxrqV] – вузький, вузькість, вузька частина

18. intention [In'tenS(q)n] – намір

19. to overtake (overtook, overtaken) [ˏqVvq'teIk] – обігнати

20. to attract attention [q'trxkt q'tenS(q)n] – привертати увагу

II. Do you remember the following words? Translate them into Ukrainian:

over – _____________________________ gear – _____________________________ direction – _________________________ above - ____________________________ approval – _________________________ possibility – ________________________ behind – ___________________________ in addition – ________________________

to exist – __________________________ to pass – ___________________________ to extend – _________________________ ordinary – _________________________ doubt – ____________________________ bell – _____________________________ approaching vessel – _________________ __________________________________

III. Show your competence on the following positions:

1. What are the minimum ranges of lights on vessels of different lengths to be visible?

2. Different types of ships have certain lights on board. By these lights we can get a lot of information about a ship. What information can we get?

IV. Read and translate the following text:

Motor-driven vessels with a length over 50 m

Lights at night

2 masthead lights, sidelights and stern light.

Restricted visibility

When making speed through the water:

1 long signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.

When not making speed through the water:

2 long signals at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.

Vessel not under command

Lights at night

The vessel shall have 2 vertical red signal lights.

When making speed through water, side and stern lights.

Daytime signals

The vessel shall have 2 balls in a vertical line where they can best be seen.

Restricted visibility

1 long followed by 2 short sound signals at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.