Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите текста.

Ответьте на вопросы для самоконтроля

 

 

TINSLEY GALVANOMETER

A new Tinsley Galvanometer with new presentation de­signed to blend with modern apparatus. This sensitive galvanometer is fitted with a tilt scale enabling the scale to be adjusted to various angles from the vertical. The galvanometer can be put in any convenient position on the bench and the scale tilted until the instrument is easily read from the operator's position.

The galvanometer projector lamp is easily replaced from the front of the instrument and no adjustments of theopticalline-up of the galvanometer are required. The zero adjustment control is mounted on the front panel togetherwith the sensitivity switch. The galvanometer may be fittedwithany of the Tinsley 4500 suspensions.

1. Tinsley – Тинсли

2. sensitive – чувствительный

3. enable – давать возможность

4. adjust – приспосабливать

5. tilt – склон, откос

Ответьте на вопрос: What kind of scale is sensitive galvanometer fitted with?

Контрольные задания

для студентов заочного отделения специальности 151031 «Монтаж и техническая эксплуатация промышленного оборудования»

 

Вариант 1

Вставьте артикль, где требуется

1. What … fine day it is today!

2. This … pencil is broken.

3. This is … tree. …tree is green.

Поставьте предложения во множественном числе

1. This is a chair.

2. I am at school.

3. This is a woman.

3. Вставьте some, any, или no и переведите:

1. Are there … maps on the wall? No, there aren’t ….

2. If I have … free time, I shall help you.

3. 3.My friend has … children.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного

1. Which is (long) day of the year?

2. Mary is as (young) as Ann.

3. This road is (bad than any other.

Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и устно переведите 1,2,3 абзацы.

Перепишите слова в тетрадь с переводом на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы для самоконтроля в письменном виде.

METALS

1. In general, metals are solids with a metallic luster, conductors of electricity, malleable, and of high physical strength. In compound form the metals have positive valences. Probably, their most important characteristic is that when used as a metal they are usually in elemental form or alloyed with other metals.

2. The metals long used by mankind — iron, copper, zinc, tin, lead, mercury, silver and gold — are those which exist as easily recognized minerals in large deposits and which are easily reduced from compounds to elemental form.

3. The most important metal, iron, is both prevalent an easily reduced to metallic form. In more recent times some оf the most naturally prevalent metals that are difficult to reduce have become common and readily available due to the development of electrochemical processes for their production. These include aluminum, magnesium and sodium.

4. The metals occur most commonly as oxides or sulphides in ores that contain such materials as clay, silica, granite, etc., from which the metallic compounds must be separated. Since only a few of the metals, such as copper, gold, silver, platinum and bismuth, exist in elemental form, the chief problem is that of reducing them from compound to elemental form.

5. Some of the more common reduction methods include: a) pyrometallurgical, b) electrolytic, c) metal replacement.

Vocabulary

1. solid - твердое тело

2. luster - блеск

3. malleable - ковкий

4. characteristic - характерная особенность

5. mankind - человечество

6. easily recognized - легко распознаваемый

7. to reduce - восстанавли­вать

8. n more recent times – в более позднее время

9. metals that are difficult to reduce – металлы, трудно поддающиеся восстановлению

10. have become common and readily available – получили распространение и стали более доступными

11. to separate - отделять

12. the chief problem is that of reducing – главная проблема – это проблема восстановления

13. pyrometallurgical - пирометаллургический

14. replacement – замещение

Ответьте на вопрос: What problem was Popov interested in?

 

Вариант 2

 

1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

1. She has … daughters. Her … daughters are students.

2. My friend has … car. … car is broken.

3. 3…. butter is made of … milk.

2. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественном числе:

1. There is a boy in the room.

2. This is my brother.

3. That is a bush.

3. Вставьте some, any, no и переведите:

1. Have you got … money?.

2. I have got … interesting book.

3. We have … English lesson today.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного:

1. The Volga is (long) river in Europe.

2. Health is (good) than wealth.

3. Which is (big) city in Russia?

5. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите второй, третий абзацы текста. Ответьте на вопросы для самоконтроля

LUBRICATION OF BEARINGS

1. The shafts which carry the power from the motors to the machines need some kind of support to keep them steady. We call these supports bearings. There are different types of bearings which we classify according to whether they take the load on the shaft thrust it along the axis of the shaft. The former type is known as journal bearing and the latter type as a thrust bearing.

The rotating shaft bears on a stationary bush or tube. We therefore have two metal surfaces in close contact with eac2. h other, and sliding over each other often at high speed. This causes friction and the bearing will become heated. So we have to protect the metal surfaces from overheating and damage. First of all, we avoid making the shaft and the bush of the same material. The shaft itself is generally of steel, so we use another metal such as cast-iron or bronze or white metal for the bush and this will prevent damage to the shaft. But of course it will not prevent overheating.

3. We can reduce the danger of overheating by using lubrication - a thin film of oil between the two metallic surfaces to keep them apart. The internal friction of oil is much less than the friction between two solids, and generates less heat. Lubrication also offers another advantage. A film of oil on the metal surfaces will prevent them from corroding by protecting them from the air.

4. The rotation of the shaft carries the film of oil round the inside of the bearing and keeps the shaft from contact with the bearing. We can feed the oil into the bearing in several ways. Sometimes we allow it to drip down under the influence of gravity. More commonly, a pump feeds it in under pressure. In motor-car and other engines, we half cover the bearing in an oil-bath, and oil splashes up into it. The amount of friction can be reduced even more with ball or roller bearings with some grease as lubrication.

Vocabulary

1. shaft - вал

2. power - мощность

3. steady - устойчиво, прочно

4. bearing - подшипник

5. to thrust - зд. передать (усилие)

6. axis - ось (геометрическая)

7. journal bearing - опорный или радиаль­ный подшипник

8. thrust bearing - упорный подшипник, под­пятник

9. to bear - поддерживать, подпирать

10. bush - втулка

11. to slide - скользить

12. friction - трение

13. overheating - перегрев

14. to avoid - избегать

15. film - пленка

16. to corrode - ржаветь, коррозировать

17. to feed - подавать

18. to drip - стекать

19. to half cover - наполовину опустить

20. to splash - брызгать

21. oil-bath - масляная ванна

22. ball bearing - шариковый подшипник

23. roller bearing - роликовый подшипник

Ответьте на вопрос: What have we to protect the metal surface from?

 

Вариант 3

1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We shall go to … cinema tomorrow.
2. My granny often tells us... long... interesting … stories.
3. … cheese is made of … milk.

2. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественном числе

1. My friend is single.

1. This is a girl.
2. That is my picture.

3. Вставьте some, any, no или оставьте пропуски незаполненными и переведите:

1. You may take … of my pens.
2. Are there... any new students in your group?
3. There is … ink in my pen: I can’t write.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму прилагательного.

1. The (long) is the night; the (short) is the day.
2. Which season is (cold)?
3. Oil is (light) than water.

5. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите первый и второй абзацы текста. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

WELDING

1. There are a number of methods of joining metal articles together depending on the type of metal and the strength of the joint which is required. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles of steel, copper or brass, but a joint is brazed, riveted or welded for strong permanent joints.

2. The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is heating. The ends are heated to a white heat (for iron, about 1300°C) in a flame, when the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together. Care must be taken to ensure that the welded surfaces are clean, for dirt will weaken the weld. A high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reason, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out of the weld. A number of different types of weld may be used, a vee-shaped butt weld normally employed. It is rather stronger than the ordinary lap weld.

3. The heat for welding is generated in several ways, depending on the sort of metal which is being welded and on its shape. An ex­tremely hot flame can be produced from an oxy-acetylene torch. For some welds an electric arc is used. In this method, an electric cur­rent is passed across two electrodes, and the metal surfaces arc placed between them. The work itself constitutes one electrode and the other is an insulated filler rod. An arc is struck between the two, and the heat which is generated melts the metal at the weld. A different method known as spot welding is usually employed for welding sheets or plates of metal together. Two sheets or plates are placed together with a slight overlap, and a current is passed between tin' electrodes. Today the new welding methods include laser welding and electronic beam welding.

Vocabulary

1. welding - сварка

2. article - деталь

3. depending on - в зависимости

4. joint - шов, соединение

5. to hammer - ковать

6. weld - сварочный шов, сварочное соединение

7. dirt - грязь

8. to weaken - ослаблять

9. oxidation - окисление

10. flux - флюс

11. welding heat - температура сварки

12. to dissolve - растворяться

13. impurity - примесь

14. to squeeze - выдавливать

15. vee-shaped - V-образный

16. butt weld - сварка в стык

17. lap weld - сварка в нахлестку

18. oxy-acetylene - torch ацетиленовая горелка

19. filler rod - присадочный пруток

20. spot welding - точечная сварка

21. overlap - перекрытие

22. laser welding - лазерная сварка

23. electronic beam welding – электроннолучевая сварка

Ответьте на вопрос:

What kind of weld is stronger: lap or vee-shaped?

 

Вариант 4

 

1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

1. He is... engineer by profession.
2. She gave me … cake. … cake was tasty.
3. My mother is … doctor.