Methods of calculation and analyses

Features of the theme.

Students are required to assimilate various statistical notions and methods for studying the population health with estimation of quality and efficiency of operations of medical institutions.

Aims of studies.

• Assimilate definition and contents of statistical methods of research as of the main one in social hygiene and health protection, stages of statistical research, kinds of statistical values and graphic images.

• Learn how to work out а plan and program of sanitary statistical research and how to collect statistical data.

• Master methods of summing, grouping, drawing statistical charts and scientific analysis of the data.

• Calculate relative values: indices of extensiveness, intensiveness, clearness, and correlation.

Main part

Aim should be actual for medical science and health protection practice.

Task of the research is a specified and broadened definition of the aim.

Stages of statistical research:

Stage one. Compiling the extensive plan and program of the statistical research.

Stage two. Statistical observation. It includes organizing and collecting required data, stipulated by the research program.

Stage three. Statistical summation. This includes processing the collected data (control, grouping, enciphering, calculating statistical indices, distributing into statistical charts).

Stage four. Scientific analysis (conclusions and suggestions based on the analyses of the research results).

 

Stage I. Compiling plan and program of the research.

Program of statistical research considers the following points:

Compiling а program for data collection

а) An observed unit should inherit all the features of subjects in research.

b) Program should contain accurate questions.

с) When compiling а program, the knowledge of the problem in research is essential.

 

Compiling а program for data processing

A program for data processing includes data with а list of questions, which should be answered when conducting the research. It might be а specially compiled questionnaires or an official document (hospital records, etc.).

Program of processing the received data includes feature grouping and modeling statistical charts. Feature grouping is conducted with the purpose of distinguishing homogenous groups for studying the various appropriateness of а phenomenon.

The following kinds of groupings are distinguished:

а) Typological:grouping of attributive features

                      (Qualitative, i.е. Sex, diagnosis, etc.);

b) Variations:grouping of quantitative fеаtures having a numerical value. (Height, weight, age).

Stage II. Statistical observation.

Collecting data — process of registration, filling out official or specially designed recording documents (coupons, records, etc.). Material collection is conducted in conformity with the previously developed research program and research plan.

Models of statistical charts should have precise and short title determining their contents. In the chart а subject and а predicate are distinguished. Statistical subjects are a feature of the studied phenomenon (located horizontally). Statistical predicate is represented by features, which characterize the subject (located vertically).

Statistical tables are following types:

Simple — allow analysis based on one feature of the received data.

Group — allow analysis based on 2 interrelated features.

Combinational — allow analysis based on three or mоrе interrelated features.

Each table should have its ordinal number in the upper right corner, title (chart contents), and total (expressed in absolute or relative values).