Can you compare the following body styles?

Van,  Station wagon,  Roadster,   Ragtop,   Limousine,    Coupe.

What is the most famous manufacturing company in our country? What kind of cars does it produce?

Work with your partner. Choose one of the problems below or your own problem. Solve it using the five steps. Make notes.

· You want to go away for a weekend with your friends but your parents want you to study.

· You want to buy a car but you haven’t got enough money.

· You want to work but your parents want you to enter the university.

 

Text 22.

1. Complete the text (A tour of a car factory) with the following words:

Clutch, combustion, crankshaft, cylinders, distribution, fuel, piston, spark plug, torque.

       “Now we come to the engine. The principle of the internal ________ engine has not changed in the last 100 years. The engine takes in ________ and air which is compressed in a combustion chamber. Then this mixture is ignited by a ________ to produce an explosion, which moves the ________ in the cylinder. The up and down motion of the piston in the cylinder is converted into rotational motion by the ________. The rotational force generated by the engine is known as ________. The size of the engine determines the power. The more ________ there are, the more powerful the engine. This power is transmitted through the ________, the gearbox, the propeller shaft (in rear-wheel and 4-wheel drive) and the axles to the wheels. The position of the engine can vary, but generally speaking it is mounted at the front. In some sports cars, the engine is mounted at the rear (e.g. Porsche) or in the middle (e.g. Ferrari or Lamborghini) because of weight ________. So, that’s enough about the engine for the moment – let’s move on to the next stage …”

Have you ever visited any car factory? Where would you like to work after graduating from our university? How many factories are there in Ukraine, in Russia, in the USA? Would you like to work for any Ukrainian company or to go abroad?

Complete the table:

Verb	Noun	Adjective
To	power
To		combustible
To	ignition
To		explosive
To	rotation
To	transmission

 

Now complete the sentences with the correct form of word from the table:

a) In the engine, linear motion is converted into ________ motion by the crankshaft.

b) The power of the engine is ________ through the clutch and the gearbox.

c) The spark plug ________ the air/fuel mixture and sets off an ________.

d) A 6-cylinder engine is more ________ than a 4-cylinder one.

e) Fuel and air is compressed in the ________ chamber.

Read and translate this extract:

THE 4-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION CYCLE

Before the cycle begins. The cycle begins at top dead centre (TDC). Here the piston is furthest away from the crankshaft. There are 4 strokes of the piston.

Intake stroke. The crankshaft rotates. This makes the piston move down the cylinder, away from the valves. At the same time, the cam above the intake valve rotates. This makes the valve move downwards, which opens the intake port. As the piston moves down, fuel is sucked into the cylinder through this inlet.

Compression stroke. As the crankshaft rotates, it makes the piston move up the chamber towards the valves. Simultaneously, the cam above the intake valve rotates and allows it to close. Both valves are now closed. As the piston moves up towards the valves, it compresses the fuel.

Ignition. Now the piston is once again at TDC. The compressed fuel is ignited by the spark plug and there is a small explosion at the top of the cylinder.

Power stroke. Immediately after this, the gases expand in the cylinder, which pushes the piston downwards. This makes the crankshaft rotate and provides torsion to drive the wheels of the vehicle.

Exhaust stroke. As the crankshaft rotates, it pushes the piston up the cylinder. At the same time, the cam above the exhaust valve pushes the valve downwards. This opens the exhaust port and the burnt gases are pushed out.

The cycle is repeated thousands of times per minute.