Do you agree with the following statements? Discuss your answers with your partners.

· Design is the most important feature of a car.

· The color of the car doesn’t matter.

· Most cars look pretty much the same.

· The drag coefficient has no effect on the design of a car.

· As long as the interior looks good, the ergonomics don’t matter.

· Every car from the same brand should look like part of a family.

Put the verb into the correct tense form (Simple Tenses).

a) Unfortunately, we … (to have) trouble with the central heating system of the university building next month.

b) Designing often … (to require) to consider the aesthetic and functional aspects. It … (to demand) research, thought, modeling and re-design.

c) There … (to be) a great demand for cars in many countries, so I hope that we … (easily/to find) interesting, well-paid job.

d) Some parts of the structure … (to crack) after the hot dry summer and rainy autumn. We … (to repair) it in the nearest future.

e) Serious study of design … (to demand) focus on the design process, which … (to depend) on the object and the individuals participating in it.

f) As far as I know, the lorry … (to arrive) on the 10^th of May. It … (to be) necessary to unload it immediately.

g) My father usually … (to walk) a few blocks to his office, but my brothers … (to prefer) driving.

h) In addition to the trouble with the engine there … (to appear) some other problems with the transmission and lubricating systems.  

i) Owing to the new system of regulations the number of accidents … (to go) down and the driving … (to become) safer.

j) Stop dreaming about this car! It … (to be) extremely expensive. You … (not to have) enough money to buy it. 

What can we gain from travelling? How much of your own country have you seen? What interesting cities, towns and villages have you visited? Is it important to visit other countries? Why? What transport do you usually use? Is it necessary to learn foreign languages?

Make up a story of your own to agree or disagree with one of the English proverbs. Try to find the Ukrainian equivalents to them.

· In a long journey a straw weights;

· Great ship asks deep water;

· All is well that ends well;

· An early bird catches the worm.

Text 2.

1. Study the following information:

       A design process may include a series of steps followed by designers. Depending on the product or service, some of these stages may be irrelevant, ignored in real-world situations in order to save time, reduce cost or because they may be redundant in the situation.

Typical stages of the design process include:

Ø Pre-production design

· Design brief – a statement of design goals;

· Analysis – analysis of current design goals;

· Research – investigating similar design solutions in the field or related topics;

· Specification – specifying requirements of a design solution for a product (product design specification) or service;

· Problem solving – conceptualizing and documenting design solutions;

· Presentation – presenting design solutions;

 

Ø Design during production

· Development – continuation and improvement of a designed solution;

· Testing – in-situ testing a designed solution;

 

Ø Post-production design feedback for future designs

· Implementation – introducing the designed solution into the environment;

· Evaluation and conclusion – summary of process and results, including constructive criticism and suggestions for future improvements;

 

Ø Re-designing – anyor all stages in the design process repeated (with corrections made) at any time before, during or after production.

Read the text and answer the following questions:

a) What processes are used by industrial designers? 

b) What do product characteristics include?

c) What aspects is it possible to specify additionally?

d) What may the use of industrial designers lead to?

e) What is redesign?

f) Do you remember any typical stages of the design process?

 

PROCESS OF DESIGNING

Although the process of design may be considered ‘creative’, many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Product characteristics include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally, it is possible to specify aspects connected with the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering.

Something that is redesigned requires a different process that something that is designed for the first time. It often includes an evaluation of the existent design and the findings of the redesign needs are often the ones that drive the redesign process.