Find sentences with these words in the text.

Verb – Noun:

To develop, to produce, to connect, to move, to appear, to define, to compete, to expect, to create, to innovate.

 

Translate these sentences. Pay attention to the words, connected with your specialism.

a) The increase in the number of electro shares outstanding will improve their marketability.

b) The factory is well-lit, ergonomically designed and air-conditioned.

c) Rising incomes have brought higher demand for cars and other western consumer goods.

d) The metal posts spoiled appearance of the garden.

e) Electricity driven vehicles fulfill most of the basic requirements of the consumer.

f) A law whereby the wearing of seat belts becomes compulsory.

Put the verb into the correct tense form (Simple or Continuous Tenses).

a) When I …… (to see) a loaded boat, it …… (to move) in the direction of the port and the manager …… (to be) there to meet it.

b) The car …… (to move) at full speed when the policeman …… (to stop) it.

c) Don’t bother him! He …… (to work) on the design of a new motor car.

d) Stoppage of fuel supply …… (to cause) serious trouble in the engine last night, so I …… (to go) to the filling station.

e) As for me, I …… (to want) to solve the main problems of form and engineering of a car, so I …… (to enter) this university and ……(to choose) this profession.

f) My parents usually …… (to go) to work by bus, but now my elder brother …… (to drive) them there. They …… (to feel) very angry as the traffic …… (to move / hardly).

g) Designers and engineers usually …… (to work) together to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations of the buyer. 

h) There …… (to be) a traffic jam in the street at the moment. Many people …… (to try) to get to their work. They all …… (to work) in the city but few of them …… (to live) there.

i) While my father …… (to repair) his car last morning, my brother and I …… (to improve) the interior of it. Everybody …… (to like) our work.

j) As far as I know, the top designer of our company …… (to deliver) a lecture about the connections between product and the user at 4p.m. tomorrow. Will you join me there?    

How has transport changed in the last 100 years? If you could live at any time of history when would it be and why? Exchange your thoughts with your friends. Have you ever travelled by ship / plane / train? Tell the group mates about your experience. What kind of transport do you consider to be the best and why? What problems might a person have while travelling?

Text 5.

CAR BODY STYLE AND WORK

       Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely independent of a car’s classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (model ranges). For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow.

       In automotive engineering, the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: the occupants, any other payload, and the mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis, the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components.   

The first automobiles were designs adapted in large part from horse-drawn carriages and had body-on-frame construction with a wooden frame and wooden or metal body panels. Wooden-framed motor vehicles remained in production until the middle of the 20^th century. A steel chassis or ladder frame replaced the wooden one. This form of body-on-frame construction is still common for commercial vehicles.

Monocoque or unibody is a construction, in which the chassis is part of an integrated with the metal body. It provides support to all the mechanical components, as well as protection for the vehicle occupants. Although there is no separate complete frame or chassis, many monocoque /unibody designs now often include sub frames. Steel monocoque construction is the most common form of car bodywork, although aluminum and carbon fiber may also be used. Modern cars may also use polycarbonates.

Less common types include tube frame and space frame designs used for high-performance cars. There have also been various hybrids (Volkswagen Beetle had a chassis, consisting of the floor pan, door sills and central tunnel). Non-structural body panels have been made of wood, steel, aluminum, fiberglass and several more exotic materials.