III. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. These new materials had to withstand much higher temperatures than metals.

2. We must use new methods in our research work.

3. He could not complete his research in time as he worked very slowly.

4. This power station will have to supply us with all necessary energy.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 6-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 4 и 6 абзацы.

MECHANICS

1. Mechanics is a branch of physics. Mechanics deals with the motion and equilibrium of bodies. It also establishes mathematical equations which describe motion in terms of distance and time. The principles of mechanics are required by engineers in the construction of a motor-car, a building, an aeroplane, etc.

2. The word "mechanics" implies a connection with machinery, It deals with the laws of mechanical motion. When a body changes its position in respect to other bodies, we say it is in motion. We call this relative change in position of a body mechanical motion. Motion takes place in space and in time, therefore space and time are inseparable from matter in motion.

3. Mechanics studies a variety of problems associated with motion as well as with force. It consists of two main parts: kinematics and kinetics, The latter, in its turn, is divided into statics and dynamics.

4. Kinematics determines the trajectory which the points of a moving body describe, the position of any one of its points in its trajectory, its speed, acceleration, etc., in short, the relationship between the geometric elements of motion and time, independent of the forces that act on the body in motion. Engineers solve many problems, such as the setting of a lathe and other machine-tools through kinematics. Kinematics studies the nature of motion of a body and the forces that act on the body, or in other words, determines the forces that cause the motion.

5. Dynamics deals with the motions of bodies. Motion is connected with the ideas of length and time. The force is the agent which causes bodies to change their direction or speed of motion. Dynamics is the study of the forces which keeps an airplane in flight. It also studies such concepts as work, power energy and therefore it is of great use in many branches of engineering.

6. Statics is that part of kinetics which studies bodies in a state of equilibrium. In statics we investigate the conditions under which the forces that act on a body come into equilibrium and the consequent state of rest. This part of mechanics is of great use in different branches of engineering especially in civil engineering, for, if engineers know these conditions, they can ensure rigidity and strength to the structures they design and build.

Вариант 4

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а)

1. After the engineer had made all the necessary calculations he began to work at the new project.

2. During some decades of the last century scientists were making a close study of the structure of natural rubber.

3. This plant will produce a new type of machines.

4. The development of machine-tools accelerated the industrial revolution.

б)

1. His scientific paper will be spoken about at the end of the discussion.

2. Much attention was also paid to the interior of the house.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующее предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. Matter composed of any chemical combination of elements is called a compound.

2. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.

3. The translated article is devoted to electrical furnaces.

4. Speaking about the new methods of work the engineer told us many interesting details.