Ex. 2 Group the words into pairs of synonyms.

Get to know computers

 

Практикум

 по английскому языку

Санкт-Петербург

 

2017

 

УДК 802.0/075.8

 

Алексеевич, Н.А. Get to know computers: практикум по английскому языку/Н.А. Алексеевич, С.Н. Борисова. – СПб.: СПбГТИ (ТУ), 2017. – 28с.

 

Данный практикум предназначен для студентов 1-го курса факультета «Информационных технологий и управления», обучающихся по направлениям: 09.03.01 – Информатика и вычислительная техника

                     09.03.03 – Прикладная информатика

                     27.03.03 – Системный анализ и управление

Практикум состоит из 6 разделов и содержат профессионально-ориентированные тексты, лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также дополнительные тексты для чтения и пересказа.

Целью данного пособия является отработка навыков чтения и понимания профессионально-ориентированных текстов, а также усвоение профессионально-ориентированной лексики.

Пособие способствует формированию общекультурных компетенций (ОК-5), (ОК-7), (ОК-3) предусмотренных учебной программой курса по подготовке бакалавров.

Практикум разработан в соответствии с требованиями федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования.

 

Рецензент: Шведова О.В., кандидат филологических наук,

              доцент кафедры иностранных языков

              Санкт-Петербургского государственного Университета

              промышленных технологий и дизайна.

 

Издание подготовлено в рамках выполнения государственного задания по оказанию образовательных услуг Минобрнауки России

 

Утверждено на заседании учебно-методической комиссии факультета экономики и  менеджмента «…» ______________2017 г.

 

Рекомендовано к изданию РИС СПбГТИ (ТУ)

Введение

Настоящий практикум предназначен для студентов 1-го курса, изучающих английский язык, и обучающихся по профилю информационно-технологических специальностей.

Цель данного пособия – развить у студентов навыки, необходимые для понимания оригинальной литературы на английском языке, умение работать со словарем, а также развить навыки общения, как по специальности, так и на обще-бытовые темы, в рамках, предусмотренных программой.

Практикум состоит из 6 разделов, в каждом из которых есть профессионально ориентированные тексты для чтения и перевода, а также лексические и грамматические упражнения, направленные на отработку грамматических структур и активизацию лексики. Тексты сопровождаются вопросно-ответными и другими активными упражнениями, целью которых является проверка понимания читаемого и развитие навыков устной речи.

Заключительный раздел практикума содержит тексты для чтения и пересказа, что будет способствовать усовершенствованию речевых навыков и умений.

Учебный практикум соответствует требованиям ФГОСВО – осуществлять подготовку специалистов со знанием английского языка с учетом формирования общекультурных компетенций:

ОК3 - способность к коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.

ОК5 – способность к самоорганизации и самообразованию.

 

 

Unit1

 

Read and translate the text.

What is a computer

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and evenvideos.

There are two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Without software, computers would be useless. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, you may view information in a web browser (software) using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. What are the differences between hardware and software? In a computer, hardware is what makes a computer work. A CPU processes information and that information can be stored in RAM or on a hard drive. A sound card can provide sound to speakers and a video card can provide an image to a monitor. All of this is hardware.

On that same computer, software can be installed and allow a person to interact with the hardware. An operating system, like Windows or Mac OS, is software. It provides a graphical interface for people to use the computer and other software on the computer. A person can create documents and pictures using software.

There are three basic hardware sections: the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals.. Peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/ output devices.

Storage devices (hard drives, DVD drives or flash drives) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. The most common type of storage device, which nearly all computers have, is a hard drive. The computer's primary hard drive stores the operating system, applications, and files and folders for users of the computer. Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks. Flash memory devices are popular ways to store data in a small, mobile format.

An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices enable data to go into the computer's memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.

Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

Glossary

 

both…..and – как…..так

to make – зд. заставлять

to process – обрабатывать

to retrieve – извлекать

to install – устанавливать

Ex. 1 Answer the questions.

1. How can we use the computer?

2. What are the differences between hardware and software?

3. What are the basic hardware sections?

4. What do storage devices provide?

5. What are the most common input devices?

6. Give the examples of software.

 

Unit 2

 

Other types of computers

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.

Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—including fitness trackers and smartwatches —that are designed to be worn throughout the day. These devices are often called wearables for short.

Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.

TVs: Many TVs now include applications —or apps —that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

Glossary

desktop – настольный компьютер

laptop – портативный компьютер

to perform – выполнять

wearable – носимый

enormous – огромный

tablet - планшет

familiar - знакомый

serve up - подавать

Unit 3

Inside a computer

Have you ever looked inside a computer case, or seen pictures of the inside of one? The small parts may look complicated, but the inside of a computer case isn't really all that mysterious.

The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to the CPU. CPU consists of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), which carries out instructions of programs to perform arithmetical and logical operations, and CU (Control Unit) which controls the system and coordinates all operations. A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second; and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second. A faster processor can execute instructions more quickly.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is your system's volatile memory. Whenever your computer performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.

This volatile memory disappears when the computer is turned off. If you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it.

RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM you have, the more things your computer can do at the same time. If you don't have enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is sluggish when you have several programs open. Because of this, many people add extra RAM to their computers to improve performance.

A non-volatile memory contains information, data and programs that cannot be modified. Computer ROM (Read Only Memory) contains essential and permanent information and software which allows computer to work properly.

The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.

When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the data from the hard drive onto the RAM. When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster the hard drive, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.

 

Glossary

motherboard – материнская плата

hard drive – накопитель на жестких дисках

control unit (CU) – блок управления

central processing unit (CPU) – центральный процессор

arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – арифметико-логическое устройство

random access memory (RAM) – оперативное запоминающее устройство

read only memory (ROM) – постоянное запоминающее устройство

long-term storage – долговременное запоминающее устройство

 

Unit 4

A?

Basic parts of a computer

The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.

The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off button andone or more optical drives.

We use monitor to view the work we're doing at the time or to view a finished product. The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. We may also use it to view videos or photos we've taken or found online. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.

Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays.

You interact with a computer mainly by using the keyboard and mouse, or a trackpad on laptops. Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them. The mouse controls the pointer on the screen. Whenever you move the mouse across the desk, the pointer will move in a similar manner. A mouse usually has two buttons, which are referred to as the left button and the right button. You will often interact with the computer by moving the mouse pointer over something on the computer screen, then clicking one of the buttons.

On laptops, you can use the trackpad, located below the keyboard, instead of a mouse. Simply drag your finger across the trackpad to move the pointer on the screen. Some trackpads do not have buttons, so you'll either press or tap the trackpad to click.

The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks. Keyboards can also be connected to your computer by a wire, or by using wireless technology. The keyboard allows you to type letters, numbers, and words into the computer. Whenever you see a flashing vertical line—called the cursor —you can start typing.

Note that the mouse pointer is also called a cursor, but it is shaped differently. The keyboard cursor is also called the insertion point.

There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.

Glossary

built-in – встроенный

light-emitting diode – светодиодный

to interact – взаимодействовать

trackpad – сенсорная панель

to drag – тащить

wireless technology – беспроводная технология

 

 

Ex. 1 Answer the questions.

1. What are the basic parts of a desktop computer?

2. By what input devices can we interact with computers?

3. What kinds of newer monitors do you know?

4. How is the keyboard cursor also called?

5. Can keyboards be connected to your computer by using wireless technology?

6. What are the main mouse types?

 

Ex. 3 Cross odd word out.

to contain, to comprise, to include, to concern

central, additional, essential, principal

different, diverse, same, contradictory

similar, alike, parallel, usual

properly, suitably, commonly, correctly

to continue, to end, to complete, to finish

 

Unit 5

What is an operating system

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. Most of the time, there are several different computer programs running at the same time, and they all need to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what it needs.

Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer you buy. Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI lets you use your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a combination of graphics and text.

Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so if you switch to a different operating system it may seem unfamiliar at first. However, modern operating systems are designed to be easy to use, and most of the basic principles are the same.

Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world.

Linux is the best-known and most-used open source operating system. It’s the main difference of this OS from the other operating systems. The code used to create Linux is free and available to the public to view, edit, and—for users with the appropriate skills—to contribute to.

Glossary

tomanage – управлять

to access – иметь доступ

several – несколько

pre - loaded – предварительно загруженный

to upgrade – обновить

open source – открытый исходный код

appropriate – соответствующий

to edit – редактировать

Ex 1. Answer the questions.

Pointer

Useless

Popularity

Informative

Equipment

Logical

Possible

Creation

Difference

Unit 6

The Internet

The Internet is a worldwide information system consisting of countless networks and computers, which allow millions of people to share information and data. Thanks to the Internet it is_; now possible for people, all over the world to communicate with one another in a fast and cheap way.

The Internet was first invented in the 1960s in the USA by the Department of Defence as an | internal project to linkcomputers. The Department wanted an extremely safe way of sending messages in case of nuclear attack. It was a British physicist, Sir Timothy Berners-Lee, who used it to make information available to everyone and created the most important media of the 21^st century. In 1980 while working at CERN in Geneva - the largest particle physics laboratory in the world - he first thought of using hypertext to share and update information among researchers.

Then in 1 989-90 he produced a plan to link hypertext to the Internet to create the World Wide Web. He designed and built the fiPst site browser and editor, as well as the first web server called httpd (Hypertext Trasfer Protocol Deamon). Hypertext is the words or chains of words in a text we can click on to be linked to new sites whose content is related to the words.

But how does this global system work? It is a network, of people and information linked together by telephone lines which are connected to computers. The applications are based on a client/server relationship, in which your computer is the client and a remote computer is the server. All you need to join this system is a computer, a normal telephone line, a modem and an account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP), a company that provides access to the Internet.

A user buys a subscription to a service provider, which gives him an identifying username, a password and an email address. With a computer and a modem, the user can connect to the service provider's computer which gives access to many services, such as WWW (world wide web), emails and FTP (file transfer protocol).

Web browsers have made the internet easy enough for anyone to use. With relatively cheap personal computers and the benefits of broadband, more than a billion people are using it.

Now that internet access is becoming popular on mobile phones, the next billion users should be online fairly soon.

The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet.

No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization controls the Internet in its entirety. The Internet is more of a concept than an actual tangible entity, and it relies on a physical infrastructure that connects networks to other networks.

Glossary

Countless – бесчисленный

To link – связывать

Available – доступный

To share – делиться

Account – счет

To join – присоединиться

tangible entity зд. – нечто материальное

content – содержание

Ex 1. Answer the questions.

What is the Internet?

When was it invented?

What was the contribution of Sir Timothy Berners -Lee to the creation of WWW?

Who owns the Internet?

Ex 2. Cross odd word out.

Appendix

Text 1

YouTube

YouTube is an online service that allows you to upload from your computer of video and make it available to the public. This is a simple and easy way to capture interesting moments and talk about them all - friends, acquaintances and colleagues.

It is a collection of short clips of video. The range of videos is as big as your mind can expand, where any topic of video is most likely on YouTube.com. YouTube.com serves as a learning device, so where if you would like to learn something, you more than likely can find video to teach you.

Besides, learning with videos is a big deal to many people out there in today's world. On TV especially there are many info commercials that want you to buy their videos on how to make money, how to run computers, and how to sell real estate. These videos also cost money and the price is not cheap. With YouTube you don't have to pay any kind of money to look at videos, just the topic you would like to learn.

People want to learn unique stuff and YouTube has what they are looking for.

YouTube brings a whole other ballgame to the picture when you talk about learning. It is revolutionizing the world of what you can accomplish on the internet. If consists of learning a new sport such as golf, or learning that new back flip to make a friend be impressed, or that business that you never knew you had before going to YouTube. All these things are just different ways to learn the thing every human wants to learn without the help of someone else.

YouTube is available in 54 language versions available through user interface.

YouTube is a great video portal. It is also a large internet company. You can talk a lot about the history, facts, principles and possibilities of YouTube, but the best thing for you to do is to visit www.youtube.com and remember that “the proof of the pudding is in the eating”.

 

Text 2

What is a mobile device

A mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computer. These devices are designed to be extremely portable, and they can often fit in your hand. Some mobile devices—like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones —are powerful enough to do many of the same things you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.

Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to be portable. However, they provide a different computing experience. The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire screen is touch-sensitive, allowing you to type on a virtual keyboard and use your finger as a mouse pointer.

Tablet computers can't necessarily do everything traditional computers can do. For many people, a traditional computer like a desktop or laptop is still needed in order to use some programs. However, the convenience of a tablet computer means it may be ideal as a second computer.

E-book readers —also called e-readers —are similar to tablet computers, except they are mainly designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books). Most e-readers use an e-ink display, which is easier to read than a traditional computer display. You can even read in bright sunlight, just like if you were reading a regular book. You don't need an e-reader to read e-books. They can also be read on tablets, smartphones, laptops, and desktops.

A smartphone is a more powerful version of a traditional cell phone. In addition to the same basic features—phone calls, voicemail, text messaging—smartphones can connect to the Internet over Wi-Fi or a cellular network (which requires purchasing a monthly data plan). This means you can use a smartphone for the same things you would normally do on a computer, such as checking your email, browsing the Web, or shopping online.

Most smartphones use a touch-sensitive screen,meaning there isn't a physical keyboard on the device. Instead, you'll type on a virtual keyboard and use your fingers to interact with the display. Other standard features include a high-quality digital camera and the ability to play digital music and video files. For many people, a smartphone can actually replace electronics like an old laptop or digital music player.

Text 3

Text 4

What is Wi-Fi

If you've been in an airport, coffee shop, library or hotel recently, chances are you've been right in the middle of a wireless network. Many people also use wireless networking, also called

Wi-Fi or 802.11 networking, to connect their computers at home, and some cities are trying to use the technology to provide free or low-cost Internet access to residents. In the near future, wireless networking may become so widespread that you can access the Internet just about anywhere at any time, without using wires.

Wi-Fi has a lot of advantages. Wireless networks are easy to set up and inexpensive. They're also unobtrusive — unless you're on the lookout for a place to use your laptop, you may not even notice when you're in a hotspot. Let’s look at the technology that allows information to travel over the air.

A wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones, televisions and radios do. In fact, communication across a wireless network is a lot like two-way radio communication. Here s what happens:

A computer's wireless adapter translates data into a radio signal and transmits it using an antenna. A wireless router receives the signal and decodes it. The router sends the information to the Internet using a physical, wired Ethernet connection.

The process also works in reverse, with the router receiving information from the Internet, translating it into a radio signal _and sending it to the computer's wireless adapter.

The radios used for Wi-Fi communication are very similar to the radios used for walkie-talkies, cell phones and other devices. They can transmit and receive radio waves, and they can convert Is and 0s into radio waves and convert the radio waves back into Is and 0s. But Wi-Fi radios have a few notable differences from other radios:

They transmit at frequencies of 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz. This frequency is considerably higher than the frequencies used for cell phones, walkie-talkies and televisions. The higher frequency allows the signal to carry more data.

They use 802.11 networking standards, which come in several flavors. 802 11n is the newest standard that is widely available. This standard significantly improves speed and range.

Text 5

Printers

The next difficult decision to make will be the printer that will work best for you. Printers are used to create a tangible product to look at away from a monitor. For consumer use there are two kinds to choose from: the inkjet and the laser printer.

The inkjet printer uses a liquid ink that's sprayed through a print head onto a piece of paper. How? Simply put, the printer interprets the signal from the computer and converts it to instructions that go through the print head. Inkjet printers are typically inexpensive to purchase, although the replacement ink can be costly and add up.

Laser printers use heat technology and specialized powder called toner or another medium that's heat-sealed onto a piece of paper. Laser printers are somewhat expensive, though they've come down in cost as the technology has increased.

Both types are often available as mono-color (or black-only printer), full-color or an all-in-one printer. An all-in-one printer typically has a printer, a copier and a scanner. Some still have a fax feature as well.

You should ask yourself how much you'll be printing and how often. If you don't print too much, the inkjet printer may be for you. One disadvantage, though, to not printing often with an inkjet printer is that the print head can actually plug up, dry out and then not work. If you print frequently or in large quantities, you may find yourself purchasing ink quite often. Inkjet and laser are the two types of printers sold in stores

Text 6

Memory in a flash

 

Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed. Its name was invented by Toshiba to express how much faster it could be erased -'in a flash', which means 'very quickly'.

Unlike RAM, which is volatile, flash memory retains the information stored in the chip when the power is turned off. This makes it ideal for use in digital cameras, laptops, network switches, video game 10 cards, mobile phones and portable multimedia players. In addition, it offers fast read access times (although not as fast as RAM), with transfer rates of 12MB per second. Unlike ROM chips, flash memory chips are rewritable, so you can update programs via software.

Inside the chip, data is stored in several floating gate transistors, called cells. Each cell traditionally stores one bit of data (erased and 0 - programmed). New devices have a multi-level cell structure so they can store more than one bit per cell. The chips are constructed with either NOR or NAND gates. NOR chips function like a computer's main memory, while NAND works like a hard drive. For example, in a camera, NOR flash contains the camera's internal software, while NAND flash is used to store the image.

Many PCs have their BIOS (basic input/output system) stored on a flash memory chip so it can be updated if necessary. Modems use flash memory because it allows the manufacturer to support new protocols. USB flash drives are used to save and move MP3s and other data files between computers.

They are more easily transported than external hard drives because they use solid-state technology, meaning that they don't have fragile moving parts that can break if dropped. However, USB flash drives have less storage capacity than hard drives.

New U3 smart drives allow users to store both applications and data. They have two drive partitions and can carry applications that run on the host computer without requiring installation.

Flash memory cards are used to store images on cameras, to back up data on PDAs, to transfer games in video consoles, to record voice and music on MP3 players or to store movies on MP4 players. They are as small as a stamp, and capacity can range from 8MB to several gigabytes. The only limitation is that flash cards are often not interchangeable between devices. The future of hard, drives may be hybrid hard drives. Hybrid hard drives combine a magnetic hard disk and flash memory into one device. This allows computers to boot, or start, more quickly, and also reduces power consumption.

 

Bibliography

www.computerhope.com

www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/

http://communication howstaffworks.com

Santiago Remacha Esteras “Infotech. English for computer users” Cambridge University Press, 2012

Sabrina Sopranzi “Flash on English for mechanics, electronics and technical assistance” EsP series, ELI S.r.i, 2012

Родовель, В.А Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности//В.А. Родовель уч. пособие. Изд. 11. – Ростов на Дону: Феникс, 2011

Беседина, Н.А., Английский для инженеров компьютерных сетей/Н.А. Беседина, В.Ю. Белоусов. Проф. Курс/English for network students. Professional course уч. пособие. – СПб.: Лань, 2013

 

 

Contents

Unit 1	What is a computer? …………………………………………	4
	Exercises ………….................................................................	5
Unit 2	Different types of computers………………………………….	6
	Exercises …………………………………………….................	7
Unit 3	Inside a computer……………………………………………	9
	Exercises ……………………………………………………………..	10
Unit 4	Basic parts of computer………………………………………..	12
	Exercises ……………………………………………………..	13
Unit 5	What is an operating system…………………………………..	15
	Exercises ………………………………………………………	16
Unit 6	The Internet…………………………………………………….	17
	Exercises……………………………………………………….	19
Appendix	Texts for reading and rendering……………………………….	20
Text 1	YouTube………………………..……………………………...	20
Text 2	What is a mobile device?................................................	21
Text 3	How do I connect to the Internet?…………………………….	22
Text 4	What is Wi-Fi?................………………………………………	23
Text 5	Printers……………………………….………………………	24
Text 6	Memory in a flash..................………………………………..	24
Bibliography	…………………………………………………………………	26

 

 

 

Кафедра иностранных языков

 

Get to know computers

 

 

Практикум

по английскому языку

 

Надежда Александровна Алексеевич

Светлана Николаевна Борисова

Отпечатано с оригинал-макета. Формат 60х90. 1/16

Печ. л. 1.75 Тираж   экз.

Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт

(Технический университет)

Издательство СПБГТИ (ТУ) тел. [phone]

 

 

Get to know computers

 

Практикум

 по английскому языку

Санкт-Петербург

 

2017

 

УДК 802.0/075.8

 

Алексеевич, Н.А. Get to know computers: практикум по английскому языку/Н.А. Алексеевич, С.Н. Борисова. – СПб.: СПбГТИ (ТУ), 2017. – 28с.

 

Данный практикум предназначен для студентов 1-го курса факультета «Информационных технологий и управления», обучающихся по направлениям: 09.03.01 – Информатика и вычислительная техника

                     09.03.03 – Прикладная информатика

                     27.03.03 – Системный анализ и управление

Практикум состоит из 6 разделов и содержат профессионально-ориентированные тексты, лексико-грамматические упражнения, а также дополнительные тексты для чтения и пересказа.

Целью данного пособия является отработка навыков чтения и понимания профессионально-ориентированных текстов, а также усвоение профессионально-ориентированной лексики.

Пособие способствует формированию общекультурных компетенций (ОК-5), (ОК-7), (ОК-3) предусмотренных учебной программой курса по подготовке бакалавров.

Практикум разработан в соответствии с требованиями федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования.

 

Рецензент: Шведова О.В., кандидат филологических наук,

              доцент кафедры иностранных языков

              Санкт-Петербургского государственного Университета

              промышленных технологий и дизайна.

 

Издание подготовлено в рамках выполнения государственного задания по оказанию образовательных услуг Минобрнауки России

 

Утверждено на заседании учебно-методической комиссии факультета экономики и  менеджмента «…» ______________2017 г.

 

Рекомендовано к изданию РИС СПбГТИ (ТУ)

Введение

Настоящий практикум предназначен для студентов 1-го курса, изучающих английский язык, и обучающихся по профилю информационно-технологических специальностей.

Цель данного пособия – развить у студентов навыки, необходимые для понимания оригинальной литературы на английском языке, умение работать со словарем, а также развить навыки общения, как по специальности, так и на обще-бытовые темы, в рамках, предусмотренных программой.

Практикум состоит из 6 разделов, в каждом из которых есть профессионально ориентированные тексты для чтения и перевода, а также лексические и грамматические упражнения, направленные на отработку грамматических структур и активизацию лексики. Тексты сопровождаются вопросно-ответными и другими активными упражнениями, целью которых является проверка понимания читаемого и развитие навыков устной речи.

Заключительный раздел практикума содержит тексты для чтения и пересказа, что будет способствовать усовершенствованию речевых навыков и умений.

Учебный практикум соответствует требованиям ФГОСВО – осуществлять подготовку специалистов со знанием английского языка с учетом формирования общекультурных компетенций:

ОК3 - способность к коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.

ОК5 – способность к самоорганизации и самообразованию.

 

 

Unit1

 

Read and translate the text.

What is a computer

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and evenvideos.

There are two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it. Without software, computers would be useless. Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, you may view information in a web browser (software) using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. What are the differences between hardware and software? In a computer, hardware is what makes a computer work. A CPU processes information and that information can be stored in RAM or on a hard drive. A sound card can provide sound to speakers and a video card can provide an image to a monitor. All of this is hardware.

On that same computer, software can be installed and allow a person to interact with the hardware. An operating system, like Windows or Mac OS, is software. It provides a graphical interface for people to use the computer and other software on the computer. A person can create documents and pictures using software.

There are three basic hardware sections: the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals.. Peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/ output devices.

Storage devices (hard drives, DVD drives or flash drives) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. The most common type of storage device, which nearly all computers have, is a hard drive. The computer's primary hard drive stores the operating system, applications, and files and folders for users of the computer. Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks. Flash memory devices are popular ways to store data in a small, mobile format.

An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices enable data to go into the computer's memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.

Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

Glossary

 

both…..and – как…..так

to make – зд. заставлять

to process – обрабатывать

to retrieve – извлекать

to install – устанавливать

Ex. 1 Answer the questions.

1. How can we use the computer?

2. What are the differences between hardware and software?

3. What are the basic hardware sections?

4. What do storage devices provide?

5. What are the most common input devices?

6. Give the examples of software.

 

Ex. 2 Group the words into pairs of synonyms.

to retrieve, information, primary, set, data, to enable, to extract, main, to allow, pack, to attach, to manipulate, to connect, useless, common, to handle, unhelpful, general.