Заглавная страница Избранные статьи Случайная статья Познавательные статьи Новые добавления Обратная связь КАТЕГОРИИ: АрхеологияБиология Генетика География Информатика История Логика Маркетинг Математика Менеджмент Механика Педагогика Религия Социология Технологии Физика Философия Финансы Химия Экология ТОП 10 на сайте Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрацииТехника нижней прямой подачи мяча. Франко-прусская война (причины и последствия) Организация работы процедурного кабинета Смысловое и механическое запоминание, их место и роль в усвоении знаний Коммуникативные барьеры и пути их преодоления Обработка изделий медицинского назначения многократного применения Образцы текста публицистического стиля Четыре типа изменения баланса Задачи с ответами для Всероссийской олимпиады по праву Мы поможем в написании ваших работ! ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?
Влияние общества на человека
Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрации Практические работы по географии для 6 класса Организация работы процедурного кабинета Изменения в неживой природе осенью Уборка процедурного кабинета Сольфеджио. Все правила по сольфеджио Балочные системы. Определение реакций опор и моментов защемления |
Перескажитетекст 'The Individual and Society'.
UNIT7. 1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания: accordingto— согласно, в соответствии с appearance— появление argue — спорить, оспаривать arise — возникать broad— широкий, обширный carryout — выполнять, осуществлять custom— обычай determine — определять develop — развивать, разрабатывать devise — придумывать, изобретать distant— отдаленный distribution — распределение division — деление, разделение exist — существовать equalpay — равная оплата fairly — довольно familiar — знакомый fixed — закрепленный, постоянный inspiteof — несмотря на legal — законный, юридический market — рынок obtain — получать present — представлять procedure — технологический процесс, образ действия; процедура process of trial and error — методпробиошибок recent — недавний regard — считаться rigidity— жесткость share— доля, акция shareon — распределять similar — подобный skill — умение, мастерство task— задача tool— инструмент trade— занятие, ремесло variety — разнообразие whereby — посредством чего
Прочтите и переведите текст. ECONOMIC SYSTEM Toan economist, economic society presents itself as a mechanism for survival — a means whereby people are able to carry out the tasks of production and distribution. If we look at the different political and social structures which exist in the world today, and the way in which those systems have developed over the years, we are tempted to say that people have made use of, and are making use of, a very great varieties of economic systems. In fact, in spite of the appearance of great variety, it is possible to group these different economic structures into four broad categories. These basic types of economic organisation are usually described as Traditional economies, Market economies, Command economies and Mixed economies. Traditional economies The oldest and until fairly recent times by far the most common way of solving economic problem was that of tradition. In traditional societies, people use methods of production and distribution that were devised in the distant past and which have become the accepted ways of doing things by a long process of trial and error. In these societies we find that the division of land among the families in the village or tribe, the methods and times of planting and harvesting, the selection of crops, and the way in which the produce is distributed among the different groups are all based upon tradition. Year by year, little is changed; indeed a change in working procedures may well be regarded as an affront to memory of one's ancestors or as an offence against the gods. The basic economic problems do not arise as problems to be discussed and argued about. They have all been decided long ago. One follows the path that one was born to follow; a son follows in the footsteps of his father and uses the same skills and tools. A caste system provides a good example of the rigidity of a traditional society. The production problems (i. e. What? and How?) are solved by using land as it has always been used and the worker carrying out the traditional skills according to his or her fixed place in social structure. The distribution problem (i. e. For Whom?) is solved in a similar manner. There will be time-honoured methods of sharing out the produce of the harvest and hunt. The elders, the heads of families, the women and the children will receive shares according to ancient custom.
Traditional solutions to the economic problems of production and distribution are encountered in primitive agricultural and pastoral communities. But, even in advanced countries, tradition still plays some part in determining how the economy works. We are familiar with industries in which it is customary, for the son to follow his father into a trade or profession, and in Britain equal pay for women did not obtain legal sanction until the 1970-s.
3. Преобразуйте предложения в Past и FutureSimple: 1. It presents the mechanism for survival. 2. They are able to carry out the task of production. 3. It is possible to group these structures into four broad 4. These methods are based on tradition. 5. A son follows in the footsteps of his father and uses 6.The distribution problem is solved in a similar 7. They receive shares according to an ancient custom. 8. Tradition plays some part in economical processes.
4. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова: land, long, path, presents, arise, solved, shares, similar, custom, distribution, tasks, used, as 1. Economic society... itself a means whereby people 2. The basic economic problems do not... as problems 3. They have all been decided... ago. 4. One follows the... that one was born to follow. 5. The production problems are... by using... as it has 6. The distribution problem is... in a... manner. 7. The elders will receive... according to ancient....
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания слов с русского языка на английский: механизм выживания, задачи производства и распределения, наиболее распространенный путь решения экономических проблем, в далеком прошлом, основные экономические проблемы, таким же путем, согласно древнему обычаю, в передовых странах, равная оплата труда женщин.
6. Образуйте 3 формы от следующих глаголов: to present, to carry out, to look, to exist, to develop, to tempt, to change, to discuss, to decide, to follow, to group, to describe, to argue, to provide, to share, to make, to become, to do, to find, to arise
8. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова: 1. these, possible, to, group, is, different, structures, 2. way, economic, the, oldest, solving, tradition, that, 3. have, been, all, they, ago, decided, long. 4. in, son, footsteps, his, of, a, father, follows, the. 5. is, distribution, solved, problem, manner, in, similar,
9. Заполните пропуски предлогами: 1.... fact,... spite... the appearance... great variety, it is 2. These types... economic organisation are usually 3. The oldest and until fairly recent times... far the most 4.... traditional societies, people use methods... production and distribution that were devised... the distant past.
5.... these societies we find that the division... land... the families... the village or tribe, the methods and times... planting and harvesting all all based... tradition. 6. Year... year, little is changed. 7. The basic economic problems do not arise... prob- 8. There will be time-honoured methods... sharing... 9.... Britain equal pay... women did not obtain legal
10.Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам: 1. In traditional societies, people use methods of production that were devised in the distant past. 2. They have all been decided long ago. 3. A son follows in the footsteps of his father. 4. He uses the same skills and tools. 5. A caste system provides a good example of the rigidity of a traditional society. 6.The distribution problem is solved in a similar manner. 8. In Britain equal pay for women did not obtain legal sanction until the 1970s.
11.Заполните пропуски, используя в нужной форме глаголы, данные в скобках: 1. Economic society... itself as a means whereby people 2. If we look at the very different political and social 3. These basic types of economic organisation... (to 4. In traditional societies, people... (to use) methods of 5. A change in working procedures may v/ell... (to 6. The basic economic problems do not... (to arise) as 7. Traditional solutions to the economic problems... (to
12.Ответьтенаследующиевопросы: 1. What does economic society present itself for an 2. What broad categories can different economic systems be grouped into? 3. What methods of production and distribution do 4. What example does a caste system provide? 5. How are the production problems (What? and 6. What part does tradition play in advanced countries?
|
||||||
Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2017-01-19; просмотров: 360; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 3.139.70.131 (0.014 с.) |