A Normal Day at Lomonosov State University, Nov 2004, 11.20pm (Moscow time)

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст «Образование в России», выпишите новые слова в словарик, переведите текст. Read the next “Education in Russia”, write out new words, translate it.

Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is stated in the constitution of the Russia Federation. It's ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education establishment. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarship and grants.

Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The stages of compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for ages 6-7 to 9-10 inclusive; and senior school for ages 10-11 to 12-13 inclusive, and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a pupil of secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary school together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a "core curriculum" of academic subjects.

After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which offer programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession.

After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can go into higher education. All applicants must take competitive exam. Higher education institution, that is institutes or universities, offer a 5-years programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidate’s degree or a doctoral degree.

Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Protectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has a number of faculties, each specializing councils which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.

The system of higher and secondary education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reforms are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedom to faculties and students. All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been funded by the state. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools, some universities have fee-paying departments.

Мой университет

Задание1. Listen to the pronunciation of words, put down the meaning of them into your dictionary.

Vocabulary:

a first-year student – студент первокурсник

entrance exams – вступительные экзамены

examination session- экзаменационная сессия

to pass the exam- сдавать экзамен

to be expelled – быть отчисленным

educational process – образовательный процесс

practical lessons- практические занятия

the Faculty of foreign languages- ф-т иностранных языков

to skip a lesson- прогуливать урок

to catch up with the program- наверстывать пропущенные занятия

to communicate with – общаться с

to be on good terms with-

get acquainted with- знакомиться

to mix up with- общаться (зд. слэнг - тусоваться)

to go in for sport- заниматься спортом

 

Задание 2. Read the text My University and answer the questions below.

I would like to express my opinion on the topic "My University”. It is a well-known fact that this year Perm State University is 90. It is a great date and in my composition I’ll try to give my opinion on my University. Firstly, I would like to compare PSU with other universities of our city. It is considered to be the best university of our city and one of the best universities of our country. I realized that I should study there and my parents wanted me to enter it. Besides, my sister is the most vivid example what PSU can give to a person. Today she has interesting well-paid job, which is connected with her education. So, I didn’t doubt what university to choose and where to study. Now I’m a first-year student. I passed entrance exams and I study here. As for entrance exams-I had only one exam, but it was horrible…It wasn’t difficult, but it was so nervous. The first examination session, of course, was difficult. So, everything is known in the comparison. Frankly speaking, I simply didn’t know how to pass the exam, what to do and that’s why it was difficult. More than that now I realized that it is easier to enter the university than to study here, to try not to be expelled. Speaking of the Faculty of foreign languages and modern literatures-I can say that it is one of the most difficult faculties of our university. Most of the educational process is practical lessons. Usually groups consist of 10 person and it is very easy to see whoever is working or not. And it is also very easy if one skips a lesson. If you missed some classes it is not so simple to catch up with the program later, because practical lessons give much to a person and nobody is going to explain you a new information again. I also think that every student must remember that in the university everybody treats like an adult and you should prove it and behave like an adult.

Concerning my lecturers-I find them great, because practically all of them are specialists who know more than one foreign language. Everyone has a good command of teaching. Each of them is different and we treat him/her differently. I think that it is the main thing in the university- we learn how to get on well with different people, who we have to communicate with practically every day.

Concerning my group I should say that everyone in my group is personality and that’s why it is very interesting to study in such a small group. You can get with people closer and you try to be on good terms with everyone. To tell the truth I get on well with everyone, but I have some people I spend more time with. We mix up in cinemas, cafés and clubs. In general I should say that the university changed me greatly. I get acquainted with many interesting people. As for me- it is very important because by nature I’m sociable and to mix up with people means to live for me.

As for the university building- I’m very glad that all the buildings are situated together and we don’t have to spend much time on moving from one building to another. The lecture-rooms of some buildings leave much to be desired, though now some buildings are under repair and maybe the lecture-rooms will be also repaired…who knows? Besides, I can note that in every building there is a snack bar, Xerox, book stalls. Without any doubts it makes the life of every student easier. You can ask me if there is something that I don’t like in the University. Of course, there is one. I mean the PT lessons and the fact that we have to attend them for 3 years. To my mind it is needless, because if one really wants to go in for sport, he will do it, find the way to do it himself. So, you can see my attitude to the University and make sure that the Perm State University gives many opportunities to a person.

Задание 3. Составьте вопросы к тексту. Работайте в парах.

Text#1.

Education in England is overseen by the Department for Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Local authorities (LAs) take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools at a local level.

The education system is divided into early years (ages 3–4), primary education (ages 4–11), secondary education (ages 11–18) and tertiary education (ages 18+).

Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 17 (from 2013, and up to 18 from 2015), either at school or otherwise, with a child beginning primary education during the school year he or she turns 5. Students may then continue their secondary studies for a further two years (sixth form), leading most typically to A-level qualifications, although other qualifications and courses exist, including Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualifications, the International Baccalaureate (IB) and the Cambridge Pre-U. The leaving age for compulsory education was raised to 18 by the Education and Skills Act 2008. The change takes effect in 2013 for 16-year-olds and 2015 for 17-year-olds. State-provided schooling and sixth form education is paid for by taxes. England also has a tradition of independent schooling, but parents may choose to educate their children by any suitable means.

Higher education often begins with a three-year bachelor's degree. Postgraduate degrees include master's degrees, either taught or by research, and the doctorate, a research degree that usually takes at least three years. Universities require a Royal Charter in order to issue degrees, and all but one are financed by the state via tuition fees, which cost up to £9,000 per academic year for English, Welsh and EU students.

 

Text 4. Higher education

Students normally enter university from age 18 onwards, and study for an academic degree. Historically, all undergraduate education outside the private University of Buckingham and BPP University College was largely state-financed, with a small contribution from top-up fees, however fees of up to £9,000 per annum have been charged from October 2012. There is a distinct hierarchy among universities, with theRussell Group containing most of the country's more prestigious, research-led and research-focused universities. The state does not control university syllabuses, but it does influence admission procedures through the Office for Fair Access (OfFA), which approves and monitors access agreements to safeguard and promote fair access to higher education. Unlike most degrees, the state still has control overteacher training courses, and uses its Ofsted inspectors to maintain standards.^[33]

The typical first degree offered at English universities is the bachelor's degree, and usually lasts for three years. Many institutions now offer an undergraduate master's degree as a first degree, which typically lasts for four years. During a first degree students are known as undergraduates. The difference in fees between undergraduate and traditional postgraduate master's degrees (and the possibility of securing LEA funding for the former) makes taking an undergraduate master's degree as a first degree a more attractive option, although the novelty of undergraduate master's degrees means that the relative educational merit of the two is currently unclear.

Some universities offer a vocationally based foundation degree, typically two years in length for those students who hope to continue on to a first degree but wish to remain in employment.

Postgraduate education

Students who have completed a first degree are eligible to undertake a postgraduate degree, which might be a:

· Master's degree (typically taken in one year, though research-based master's degrees may last for two)

· Doctorate (typically taken in three years)

Postgraduate education is not automatically financed by the state, and so admissions are highly competitive.

Электронный ресурс доступа http://en.wikipedia.org

 

Грамматический материал

Сложное дополнение

САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

 

В английском языке встречается оборот, состоящий из существительного в общем падеже и инфинитива. В таком обороте существительное обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, выраженное инфинитивом, или подвергающийся этому действию. Оборот называют самостоятельным инфинитивным оборотом. Он стоит в конце предложения и отделен запятой, на русский язык переводится предложением с союзом " причем ", в котором глагол выражает долженствование. Самостоятельный инфинитивный оборот чаще встречается в юридических текстах и в коммерческих документах (контрактах и т. д.):

 

The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of oil, delivery to be made in October.   The buyers requested the sellers to keep them informed of the position of the vessel, the communications to be addressed to their agents.

Продавцы предложили покупателям 5000 тонн нефти, причем поставка должна была быть произведена в октябре.   Покупатели просили продавцов держать их в курсе местонахождения судна, причем сообщения должны были направляться их агентам.

 

СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ

 

Конструкция сложное дополнение (объектный инфинитивный оборот, Complex Object, The Objective Infinitive Construction, The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction) представляет собой сочетание существительного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в объектном падеже с инфинитивом. Эта конструкция строится по следующей схеме:

 

ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ	СКАЗУЕМОЕ (в действительном залоге)	Существительное в общем падеже или личное местоимение в объектном падеже + инфинитив
We Мы	expect надеемся,	him to do it in time. что он сделает это вовремя.

 

При переводе конструкции на русский язык, почти всегда используется придаточное предложение.

 

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ»
№ п/п	СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ	ПРИМЕР
	После глаголов чувственного восприятия: to hear слышать, to see видеть, to watch наблюдать, смотреть, to feel чувствовать, to observe наблюдать, to notice замечать и др. в действительном залоге. После этих глаголов инфинитив употребляется без частицы to	I watched her approach. Я смотрел, как она приближается.
После глаголов чувственного восприятия используется только Indefinite Infinitive Active. Чтобы выразить действие в страдательном залоге, можно использовать причастие II	I saw the fire slowly conquered. Я видел, как пожар постепенно потушили.
	После глаголов, обозначающих умственную деятельность: to know знать, to think думать, to consider, to believe, to suppose думать, полагать, to expect ожидать, to imagine представлять, to find находить, узнавать, to trust верить, to assume допускать, предполагать и др. вдействительном залоге. После этих глаголов в составе конструкции очень часто используется глагол to be	He considers this question to be of great importance. Он считает этот вопрос очень важным (= что этот вопрос является очень важным).
	После глаголов со значением заявления: to pronounce произносить, говорить, to declare заявлять, to report докладывать	The surgeon pronounced the wound to be a slight one. Врач сказал, что рана лёгкая (= рана является лёгкой).
	После глаголов, обозначающих чувства и эмоции: to like нравиться, to dislike не нравиться, to love любить, to hate, cannot bear не мочь терпеть, ненавидеть и т. д.	I hate you to talk in this way. Я терпеть не могу, когда вы так говорите (= вы говорите таким образом).
	После глаголов, обозначающих приказ или разрешение, принуждение: to order приказывать, to allow, to permit позволять, to suffer неохотно позволять, to have распоряжаться, to make, to have, to get, to force, to cause распоряжаться, приказывать, заставлять и др. в действительномзалоге	She suffered Mr. Smith to go her back into her room. Она неохотно позволила, чтобы мистер Смит проводил ее в комнату. She caused a telegram to be sent to him. Она распорядилась, чтобы ему послали телеграмму (= чтобы телеграмма была отправлена ему).

 

Грамматический тренинг:

 

Задание 1. Закончите предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение.

 

• E.g. "Bring me a book," said my brother to me. My brother wanted me to bring him a book.

 

1. The teacher said to the pupils: "Learn the rule." — The teacher wanted...

2. "Be careful, or else you will spill the milk," said my mother to me. — My mother did not want...

3. "My daughter will go to a ballet school," said the woman. — The woman wanted...

4. The man said: "My son will study mathematics." — The man wanted...

5. "Oh, father, buy me this toy, please," said the little boy. — The little boy wanted...

6. "Wait for me after school," said Ann to me. — Ann wanted...

7. "Fix the shelf in the kitchen," my father said to me. — My father wanted...

8. "It will be very good if you study English," said my mother to me. — My mother wanted...

9. "Bring me some water from the river, children," said our grandmother. — Our grandmother wanted...

10. "Come to my birthday party," said Kate to her classmates — Kate wanted...

11. The biology teacher said to us: "Collect some insects in summer." — The biology teacher wanted...

12. "Don't eat ice cream before dinner," said our mother to us. Our mother did not want...

 

Задание 2. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

 

1. Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. 2. Я хочу, чтобы все это прочитали. 3. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. 4. Дети хотели, чтобы я рассказал им сказку. 5. Я не хочу, чтобы она знала об этом. 6. Он хотел, чтобы его друг пошел с ним. 7. Мой брат хочет, чтобы я изучала испанский язык. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы мои ученики хорошо знали английский язык. 9. Я не хочу, чтобы ты получил плохую оценку. 10. Мне бы ке хотелось, чтобы они опоздали. 11. Я не хотела, чтобы вы меня ждали. 12. Она бы хотела, чтобы ее брат получил первый приз. 13. Я хочу, чтобы вы прочли эту книгу. 14. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы приехали к нам. 15. Она хотела, чтобы ее сын хорошо окончил школу. 16. Им бы хотелось, чтобы мы проиграли игру. 17. Она не хотела, чтобы я уехал в Москву. 18. Я бы не хотел, чтобы Вы потеряли мою книгу. 19. Папа хочет, чтобы я была пианисткой. 20. Мы хотим, чтобы этот артист приехал к нам в школу. 21. Вам бы хотелось, чтобы я рассказал вам эту историю? 22. Хотите, я дам Вам мой словарь?

 

Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений.

 

• E.g. I expect that she will send me a letter.

 

I expect her to send me a letter.

I know that he is a great scientist.

I know him to be a great scientist.

1. I know that my friend is a just man. 2. I expect that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it.3. I expected that she would behave quite differently. 4. I did not expect that my brother would forget to send her flowers. 5. He knows that my mother is a very kind woman. 6. She expected that her brother would bring her the book. 7.1 know that your uncle is an excellent mathematician. 8. People expect that the 21st century will bring peace on the Earth.

 

Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

 

1. Она знала, что он очень добрый человек. 2. Все знали, что она прогрессивный ученый. 3. Я знаю, что твоя сестра — очень способная студентка. 4. Все знают, что Байрон — великий поэт. 5. Я не ожидал, что это случится так скоро. 6. Мы рассчитываем, что вы нам поможете. 7. Он ожидал, что министр ответит сразу. 8. Мы рассчитывали, что погода изменится. 9. Я рассчитываю, что письмо придет завтра. 10. Он рассчитывал, что учитель похвалит его. 11. Она не рассчитывала, что они вернутся так поздно. 12. Я знаю, что она талантливая певица. 13. Я знала, что он великий ученый. 14. Мы не рассчитывали, что вы так много сделаете. 15. Учитель рассчитывал, что ученики поймут правило. 16. Я не ожидал, что он напишет такие прекрасные стихи.

 

Задание 5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

 

1. Я ненавижу, когда ты забываешь свои обязанности. 2. Бабушка любит, когда Лена играет на рояле. 3. Папа любит, когда я говорю по-английски. 4. Мой дедушка не любил, когда дети разговаривали за столом. 5. Он терпеть не мог, когда мы ломали игрушки. 6. Он любил, когда мы играли в тихие игры. 7. Я люблю, когда дети смеются. 8. Она не любит, когда я с ней спорю. 9. Она не любила, чтобы мы приходили поздно. 10. Он терпеть не может, когда я опаздываю. 11. Наш учитель любит, когда мы задаем вопросы.

 

 

Задание 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение.

 

1. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. 2. Она не могла заставить его ложиться спать рано. 3. Собака заставила кошку взобраться на дерево. 4. Учитель заставил ее переписать упражнение. 5. Она заставила собаку перепрыгнуть через забор. 6. Он заставил брата прыгнуть в воду. 7. Дождь заставил нас вернуться домой. 8. Заставьте ее надеть пальто: сегодня очень холодно. 9. Почему вы не заставили сына выучить стихотворение? 10. Я не могу заставить свою кошку ловить мышей. 11. Когда ты заставишь своего друга делать зарядку?

 

СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ

 

Конструкция сложное подлежащее (субъектный инфинитивный оборот, Complex Subject, The Subjective Infinitive Construction, The Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction) представляет собой сочетание существительного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в именительном падеже, выполняющего в предложении функцию подлежащего, с инфинитивом. Эта конструкция строится по следующей схеме:

 

ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ (существительное в общем или местоимение в именительном падеже)	СКАЗУЕМОЕ (обычно глагол в страдательном залоге)	ИНФИНИТИВ
He Он,	is known как известно,	to go to work to Siberia. поедет работать в Сибирь.

 

Особенность этой конструкции в том, что она не выступает как единый член предложения: именная часть конструкции является в то же время подлежащим предложения, а инфинитив представляет собой часть составного глагольного сказуемого.

 

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ»
№ п/п	СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ	ПРИМЕР
	С глаголами чувственного восприятия: to hear слышать, to see видеть, to watch наблюдать, смотреть, to feel чувствовать, to observe наблюдать, to notice замечать и др. в страдательном залоге. В данной конструкции, после этих глаголов инфинитив употребляется с частицей to	Bob was heard to laugh heartily. Было слышно, как Боб смеялся от всего сердца.
	С глаголами, обозначающими умственную деятельность: to know знать, to think думать, to consider, to believe, to suppose думать, полагать, to expect ожидать, to imagine представлять, to find находить, узнавать, to trust верить, to assume допускать, предполагать и др. в страдательном залоге. После этих глаголов в составе конструкции часто используется глагол to be	Philip was known to be a young man without money. Знали, что Филипп был молодым человеком без денег.
	С глаголом to make заставлять (в страдательном залоге).	Little Bob was made to put on some warm clothes. Маленького Боба заставили надеть теплую одежду.
	С глаголами в значении сообщения: to say говорить, to report сообщать, to state утверждать в страдательном залоге.	He is said to have gone to work to Siberia. Говорят, что он уехал работать в Сибирь.
	В действительном залоге с глаголами: to seem казаться (по-видимому), to happen случаться (случается, случалось), to prove доказывать (оказывается, оказалось), to be likely вероятно, to be unlikely вряд ли, to be sure, to be certain быть уверенным (наверняка), to turn out оказываться (оказалось) и т. п.	They are unlikely to come in time. Они вряд ли придут вовремя. The work proved to be useful. Работа оказалась полезной (= Работа, как оказалось, была полезной). They seemed to have forgotten him. Они, казалось, забыли его.

Данная конструкция (инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for, the For-to-Infinitive Construction, оборот for + существительное (местоимение) + инфинитив) представляет собой сочетание существительного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в объектном падеже с инфинитивом при помощи предлога for:

 

	FOR	СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ (в общем падеже) или ЛИЧНОЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (в объектном падеже)	ИНФИНИТИВ
Here is the book	for	you	to read.
Вот книга, которую вам надо прочитать.

 

При переводе существительное или местоимение такой конструкции становится подлежащим, а инфинитив - сказуемым. Инфинитив при этом может употребляться как в действительном, так и в страдательном залоге. Конструкцию можно переводить: 1) инфинитивом, 2) существительным, 3) придаточным предложением.

 

ФУНКЦИИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ "FOR-TO-INFINITIVE" В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ
№ п/п	ФУНКЦИЯ	ПРИМЕР
	Подлежащее (часто с вводным it)	It is shame for me to ask. Для меня просить - стыдно.
	Сказуемое	The instruction is for the engineers to follow. Инструкция предназначена для того, чтобы инженеры ее выполняли.
	Дополнение	He waited for her to speak. Он ждал, когда она заговорит.
	Определение	The best thing for you to do is to obey. Лучшее, что вам следует сделать - подчиниться.
	Обстоятельство цели	He stepped aside for me to pass. Он отошел в сторону, чтобы я смог пройти.
	Обстоятельство результата	He spoke loud enough for you to hear. Он говорил достаточно громко, чтобы вы могли слышать.

 

Задание 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. He is said to know all about it. 2. He was said to have known the whole truth about it.3.Juri Gagarin is known to be the first man in the world to travel into space on the 12^th of April, 1961. 4. He is supposed to be a very good film actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6. The terrorist was announced to have been killed by his own bomb. 7. The exhibition of 19^th-century French painting is expected to open by the end of next week.8.Monet’s painting is reported to be on exhibition until the end of the month. 9. The President of Russia was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight. 10. The American astronaut Neil Armstrong is known to be the first man to walk on the moon in 1969.

Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1.This work seem to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn’t happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 7. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 8. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 9. The new methods of work appear to be very effective. 10. His office turned out to be in one of the back streets.

Задание 3. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

Пример: It appeared that they had lost the way.

They appeared to have lost the way.

1.It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It appeared that he was losing patience. 4. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 5. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy. 6. It happened that I was present at the opening session.7. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week.8. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. It is said that the weather in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer.

Задание 4.Переведите на русский, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely, to be sure to

1.We most of us want a good many things that we are likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don’t ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde’s face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren’t you? 9. Don’t worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 10. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandfather.

Самостоятельная работа, задание:

Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. В 2-х частях. Ч.I.– М.:ГИС, 2012.–640 с.

Задания: Стр.370 упр.6-8 Стр.371 упр.8б Стр.386-387 упр.12 Стр. 402- 403 упр.9

 

Колесникова Л.И. Учебные задания по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса неязыковых факультетов. – Владимир: ВГПУ, 2002,48с.

Стр.3-6 теория, стр.6-7 упр. 1,2,3

 

Студенческая жизнь.

Задание1. Read the text Student’s Life, translate it.

Student life is the best part of life. A student learns many things from books. But he has to enter the real world after his student life is over. So, he needs practical knowledge of things. Student life prepares a man to lead a successful life. In fact, student life is a life of learning. A student learns morality and good manners. He understands the value of discipline in life. So student life is a period of making and preparation.

Student life is a care-free life. It is a life of joy. A student is free from almost all cares of the world. He gets a different atmosphere at college from that of home. He takes part in games and sports. He goes sometimes on a picnic and sometimes on educational trips. A student lives in a small world of his school or college. The life of a student, therefore, is a golden period of life.
Student life is a life of discipline. At home a student may behave well or badly. But the atmosphere of a school college is completely different. Good boys are loved and praised. Wicked boys are punished. All students have to follow some rules and obey their teachers. Thus, they learn discipline. Discipline makes them self-less and teachers them ‘live and let live’.
Student life is a life of character building. Character has its importance in life. A student must be bold and fearless. He must think society. He should try to solve the problems of the nation. He must be loving and truthful. Student life is a life of character formation. Students must have a sense of patriotism. They must go on doing work without thinking of the dead past and the uncertain future.

“Trust no future; howe’er pleasant!

Let the dead past bury its dead!

Act-act in the living present

Heart within and God o’er head”

Задание 2. Translate the statements in English. Tell the group, do you agree or not with the statements. Give your own arguments about Student’s life.

1. Это самая прекрасная пора в твоей жизни, когда ты - студент.

2. Ты изучаешь то, что тебе нужно для твоей будущей карьеры.

3. Ты четко понимаешь, что образование поможет тебе зарабатывать деньги на жизнь.

4. У тебя есть время не только учиться, но и заниматься своим любимым делом.

5. Пока ты учишься очно, тебя содержать родители, и тебе не надо заботиться о деньгах.

 

Самостоятельная работа:

 

Напишите эссе: «Студенческая жизнь»

 

Система образования в США.

Text 1.

In the USA, children start school when they are five or six years old. Depending on the state, schooling is compulsory until the age of 16 or 18. Children younger than five can go to a nursery school or preschool.

At the age of five or six, the children attend elementary school (also known as grade school or grammar school), which last six years. The fist year at elementary school is called kindergarten.

After elementary school, students attend middle school (also known as junior high school) for three years. Then they continue at high school. In some states, students have to stay in school until they are 18 years old. In other states they may leave school at 16 or 17 with parental permission.

Age	School
< 5	nursery school / preschool
5-11	elementary school
11-14	middle school / junior high school
14-18	high school / senior high school

When students in the USA say what year they are in, they usually use ordinal numbers, e. g. ‘tenth grade’. (In the UK students would use cardinal numbers, e. g. ‘year ten’.)

Text 2 Classes

At elementary school pupils primarily learn how to read, write and count. There are about 20 to 30 pupils in one class.

At junior and senior high school, mandatory subjects are English, maths, biology, chemistry, physics, physical education and history. Schools also offer optional courses from which the students can choose, e. g. art, modern languages, computers. Physical education is a very important subject in the United States – many students participate in sports programs.

Gifted and talented students can take advanced courses in their schools or attend additional courses at community colleges in the afternoons or during the holidays. Often such courses are later acknowledged by universities, and can facilitate early graduation.

Text 3. Grading Scale

In the USA (as in other English speaking countries) letter grades are used in reports.

§ A > 90 % (excellent)

§ B > 80 % (very good)

§ C > 70 % (improvement needed)

§ D > 60 % (close fail)

§ E > 50 % (fail)

§ F < 50 % (fail)

In general, only grades A to C are a 'pass' – a plus (+) or minus (-) might be added (e. g. A-, B+).

Text 5. School Uniforms

It is not common for students in the USA to wear school uniforms, but many schools have dress codes telling students what kind of clothing is or is not allowed in school. Some schools (especially private schools) have started to require their students to wear school uniforms in order to improve school discipline and avoid 'fashion cliques'.

Student’s Life

Задание 1. Прочитайте обращение к студентам Оксфордского университета, переведите.

Hello everyone,

I think it is really important to ensure that the lifestyle I will have at university suits me, so I thought I would just ask a few questions to current Oxford medical students or alumni about their time at Oxford. Obviously everybody's experience is different but I would really like to hear about experiences which people have had; the good and the bad.
There are a lot of questions but I want to have a good idea of what my life would be like at the university before I apply so I know if it does suit me. Feel free to answer as many or as few as you like. Any idea that you can give me on Oxford life as a student will be very helpful.

Thank you.

Задание 2. Прочитайте вопросы и ответы, переведите: Read the answers and translate:

1. How many essays or assignments did you receive a week?
А: This varies hugely between colleges and time of year etc. In first and second year between 1 and 3 essays a week for me but more in other colleges. In 3rd year one essay every other week but they take a lot more time plus your ongoing project and coursework essay work.

В:(2-3 essays, usually 800-1500 words. Or short note type questions. In the final year, you only have 8 tutorial slots available, so that means 4 each term in practice. But these are much more substantial pieces of work).

2. How many hours did you work on average a week?
А: As much as you can motivate yourself to do.

В: Official contact time probably added up to 5 hours per day or so. I did about 10 hours on top of this at a guess. So 35 hours total.

3. Was there a particular time of year or term when the pressure suddenly increased or the work got a lot harder?
А: Exams are in summer term in first year, before Easter in second year, summer term in 3rd year. I found I had a lot of work in the second term of second year in particular.

В: Exam-time! Term 3 of year 1, term 2 of year 2, term 3 of year 3. Plus the Big Scary Dissertation Deadline at the end of term 2 of year 3.

4. Was it difficult settling in to your college?
A: It really depends what type of person you are - do you settle in most places? If so, I'm sure you'll settle into any college fine.
B: No, I found the college and the people in it very welcoming indeed, and adjusted very quickly.

5. Was there a big leap in the amount of work or the difficulty of the work set from sixth form to uni.?

Yes there was but you have much more time to do the work.

Was there a big leap in the amount of work or the difficulty of the work set from sixth form to uni.?
Probably a bit more work and certainly at a higher level, but it was an increase I'd been expecting and was ready, even hopeful f

6. Were you able to have a reasonable amount of social life?
Yes. But not like the arts (especially English) students!
Definitely - I made plenty of friends and wasn't short of time to see them.

7. Were there lots of activities or societies to suit your needs?
I found it difficult personally to find a music group I liked because I came from a very high standard of wind band at home though unfortunately I was personally at the bottom end of the band. Here it tends to be the big bands which ask for very high standard and commitment which I don't think I'd have passed the auditions for, or the college groups which because they don't push the commitment have fewer attendees and rehearsals can be very short.
Loads, including a lot that I'd never considered before.

8. I understand that the focus at Oxford is independent learning. However, are there people to turn to for help if you are confused or stuck on a certain topic?
In the first 2 years you should see your tutors every week. The independent learning will go as far as revising what you're told in lectures and practicals and preparing for tutorials and practicals. So you find out at the practical/tutorial if you're 'right' and you can always ask your tutor/demonstrator for help.
College tutors are mostly very approachable - you can also learn a lot from your peers, and from students in the years above.
9. What was the best thing about going to Oxford?
I didn't go anywhere else so can't really compare or say I got something here I wouldn't have got elsewhere.
You're immersed in a community of people of diverse interests who are intelligent and do interesting things - and there's always something to do.
10. What was the worst thing about going to Oxford?
Exams were tougher than elsewhere in general. Failing policy can be tough in some colleges. I felt a lot of the time like I was right at the bottom of the year and if I'd just gone somewhere else I could have been higher in rankings.
Also, reapplying for clinical school is an extra stress you only get at Oxbridge and I want to go to London now. I may not have got to go where I wanted (thankfully I am) so if I'd gone in the first place it would have all been much easier....or that's how I feel being here - may not be the case.
I struggled with the final year, as there's a big leap from the contact-intensive style of years 1 and 2 to playing at being a proper science student, largely on your own.
11. How many lectures/ seminars/ tutorials do you have week?
First two years about 10 lectures, 1 seminar, 2 tutorials a week.
Third year about 3 lectures and 1 seminar a week and a tutorial every other week.

About 25 hours total, including 1-2 practicals\anatomy teaching slots per week, perhaps 2-3 tutorials usually.

Задание 3. Обсудите следующие моменты. Discuss the following points:
1. How many essays or assignments did you receive a week?
2. How many hours did you work on average a week?
3. Was there a particular time of year or term when the pressure suddenly increased or the work got a lot harder?
4. Was it difficult settling in to your college?
5. Was there a big leap in the amount of work or the difficulty of the work set from sixth form to uni.?
6. Were you able to have a reasonable amount of social life?
7. Were there lots of activities or societies to suit your needs?
8. How many lectures/ seminars/ tutorials do you have a week?

 

 

Самостоятельная работа, задание: Темы для презентаций: 1. Оксфорд, Кембридж – знаменитые университеты Великобритании 2. Крупные вузы США. 3. Студенческая жизнь в США и Великобритании.

Герундий представляет собой неличную глагольную форму, выражающую название действия и обладающую как свойствами существительного, так и свойствами глагола. В русском языке соответствующая форма отсутствует. Герундий обозначает действия, процессы, состояния и образуется прибавлением суффикса - ing к основе глагола: to read читать — read ing чтение. Его функции во многом сходны с функциями инфинитива, также сочетающего свойства существительного со свойствами глагола. Герундий, однако, имеет больше свойств существительного, чем инфинитив.

 

ФОРМЫ ГЕРУНДИЯ

 

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
INDEFINITE	asking	being asked
PERFECT	having asked	having been asked

 

№ п/п	СХОДСТВО ГЕРУНДИЯ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМ
	Может иметь определение, выраженное притяжательным местоимением или существительным в притяжательном или общем падеже	I know of your reading. Я знаю, что вы много читаете.
	Может сочетаться с предлогом	I insist on your going there now. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы вы пошли туда сейчас.
	В предложении выполняет те же функции

 

ФУНКЦИИ ГЕРУНДИЯ В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ
№ п/п	ФУНКЦИЯ	ПРИМЕР
	Подлежащее	Running long distances requires much training. Бег на длинные дистанции требует хорошей тренировки.
	Именная часть составного сказуемого	My favourite form of rest is reading. Мой любимый вид отдыха — чтение.
	Прямое дополнение	I like reading books. Я люблю читать книги.
	Предложное дополнение	I heard of his being sent to the South. Я слышал о том, что его посылают на юг.
	Определение (обычно с предлогами of и for)	I like his method of teaching. Мне нравится его метод преподавания.
	Обстоятельство	After working at some plant you will know your speciality better. После того как вы поработаете на заводе, вы лучше овладеете своей специальностью.

 

Кроме того, герундий может входить в состав сложных существительных: reading -room читальный зал, writing -table письменный стол.

 

№ п/п	СХОДСТВО ГЕРУНДИЯ С ГЛАГОЛОМ
	Имеет залог (действительный и страдательный)	I like writing letters. Я люблю писать письма. The baby likes being spoken to. Ребенок любит, когда с ним разговаривают.
	Имеет простую и перфектную формы. Перфектный герундий, так же как и перфектный инфинитив, выражает действие, которое произошло ранее действия, выраженного сказуемым	I know of his coming to Moscow. Я знаю, что он приезжает в Москву. I know of his having come to Moscow. Я знаю, что он приехал в Москву.
	Может иметь прямое дополнение	I like reading books. Я люблю читать книги.
	Может определяться обстоятельством, выраженным наречием	I like walking slowly. Я люблю ходить медленно.

 

Формы герундия совпадают с формами причастий, и их образование происходит по тем же правилам, по которым образуются формы причастий.

 

В русском языке нет форм, соответствующих формам герундия, ввиду чего изолированно, вне предложения, они не могут быть переведены на русский язык. Indefinite Gerund Active по своему значению приближается к русскому отглагольному существительному: reading чтение, smoking курение, waiting ожидание.

 

ГЕРУНДИЙ В ФОРМЕ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО (ACTIVE GERUND) И СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОГО (PASSIVE GERUND) ЗАЛОГА

Герундий может выражать действие, не относящееся к определенному лицу или предмету:

 

Swimming is a good exercise.

Плавание — хорошее физическое упражнение.

В большинстве случаев, однако, действие, выраженное герундием, относится к определенному лицу или предмету:

I think of going to the south in the summer. Я думаю поехать на юг летом. (going относится к подлежащему I)

 

Thank you for coming. Благодарю вас за то, что вы пришли.

(coming относится к дополнению you)

 

Когда действие, выраженное герундием, совершается лицом (или предметом), к которому оно относится, то употребляется герундий в форме Active:

Не likesinviting his friends to his house. I rememberhaving shown her the letter. He entered the room without noticing her.

Он любит приглашать к себе своих друзей. Я помню, что я показывал ей это письмо. Он вошел в комнату, не заметив ее.

 

Когда же действие, выраженное герундием, совершается над лицом (или предметом), к которому оно относится, то употребляется герундий в форме Passive:

Не likesbeing invited by his friends. I rememberhaving been shown the letter. Не entered the room withoutbeing noticed.

Он любит, когда его приглашают его друзья. Я помню, что мне показывали это письмо. Он вошел в комнату незамеченным.

В некоторых случаях герундий в форме Active употребляется со значением герундия в форме Passive. Это возможно после глаголов to need, to want, to require нуждаться, требоваться и после прилагательного worth стоящий: My shoes need repairing. This book is worth reading.

 

Грамматический тренинг.

 

Задание1. Вставьте глагол в нужной форме — инфинитив или герундий. В некоторых случаях подойдет любая форма.

Пример: Please remember to post (post) this letter.

John intends to buy (or buying) (buy) a house.

 

a. A: You lent me some money a few months ago.

B: Did I? That’s strange. I don’t remember _________ (lend) you any money.

b. When you see Tom, remember _____________ (give) him my regards, won’t you?

c. What do you intend ___________ (do) about this problem?

d. Someone must have taken my bag. I clearly remember ___________ (leave) it by the window and now it has gone.

e. When she saw what had happened, she began ____________ (laugh) loudly.

f. Sue needed some money. She tried ___________ (ask) Gerry but he couldn’t help her.

g. He tried _________________ (reach) the shelf but he wasn’t tall enough.

h. “Did you remember _____________ (phone) Ann?” “Oh no, I completely forgot.”

i. I asked them to quiet but they continued __________ (make) a lot of noise.

Ответы:

a. lending; b. to give; c. to do/doing; d. leaving; e. to laugh/laughing; f. asking; g. to reach;

h. to phone; i.to make/making

 

 

Задание 2.Раскрой