How does ISO develop standards?

An ISO standard is developed by a panel of experts, within a technical committee. Once the need for a standard has been established, these experts meet to discuss and negotiate a draft standard. As soon as a draft has been developed it is shared with ISO’s members who are asked to comment and vote on it. If a consensus is reached the draft becomes an ISO standard, if not it goes back to the technical committee for further edits.

Key principles in standard development

1. ISO standards respond to a need in the market

ISO does not decide when to develop a new standard. Instead, ISO responds to a request from industry or other stakeholders such as consumer groups. Typically, an industry sector or group communicates the need for a standard to its national member who then contacts ISO.

2. ISO standards are based on global expert opinion

ISO standards are developed by groups of experts from all over the world, that are part of larger groups called technical committees. These experts negotiate all aspects of the standard, including its scope, key definitions and content.

3. ISO standards are developed through a multi-stakeholder process

The technical committees are made up of experts from the relevant industry, but also from consumer associations, academia, NGOs and government.

4. ISO standards are based on a consensus

Developing ISO standards is a consensus-based approach and comments from stakeholders are taken into account.

 

Контрольные вопросы:

1. What is the procedure of developing ISO standards?

2. What key principles are there in standard development?

3. How many steps are in standard development?

Литература:

1 Основная литература:

1.1 Basic English (second year): учебник для 2 курса по баз. осн.ин.яз. / С.М. Булатова; Ж.А.Тутбаева / - 2012.

1.2 Романов, С.Д. Большой современный англо-русский русско-английский словарь-справочник:80 000 слов и выражений современного английского и русского языка.

 

2 Дополнительная литература:

2.1 Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Профессионально-ориентированный иностранный язык» для студентов специальности «Стандартизация, серитификация и метрология», Семей, 2015. 109 с.

2.2 Агабекян И.П. «Английский язык для технических вузов», Ростов-на-Дону,2001.

2.3 Образцов П.И., Иванова О.Ю. Профессионально-ориентированное обучение иностранному языку на неязыковых факультетах вузов. Орел: ОГУ, 2005. 114 с.

2.4 Источники интернет.

2.5 Научно – техническая информация на английском языке.

Микромодуль 3 – Certification systems

 

Практическое занятие №5 (2 часа)

Тема: Certification systems.

Цель занятия: Освоить термины и определения по тексту.

Методические рекомендации (указания) по выполнению задания:

1.Прочитать текст.

2. Перевести текст.

3. Выписать новые слова.

 

Certification systems

Creation of certification systems in Russia is provided by the Federal Law №184 “About Technical Regulation” Evaluating the product’s conformity to requirements of laws, standards, technical reglaments and other kinds of normative appears to be one of the most important possibilities of providing safety of different kinds of products for humans, environment and the state.

According to the FL № 184 any certification system includes:

- A central certification organ which performs organizational operations within the system;

- Certification organs that must prove their ability to perform activities in expertise and drawing up the certification documents in certain sphere of evaluation of conformity. Only certification organs authorized for such kinds of works, have right to perform such function;

- Certification laboratories perform tests and measurements of safety indicators or quality of the evaluated objects. Such laboratory must have equipment and trained staff (as well as test methods) in order to perform its activities. Existence of all the resources is proved by the Attestation of Authorization of the laboratory in the certain sphere of activity;

- Applicants are individual entrepreneurs or Russian legal entities (in some cases foreign manufacturers), that intend to go though evaluation process to prove the conformity of their production to the legal requirements or some other certain requirements of the system of certification (to which it applied).

There is a great variety of objects for certification (different products and manufacturing processes, management systems, construction sites, etc.). A little smaller is the lists of risks that you may encounter by using the products and from which you should protect the consumer. The variety of certification systems in Russia is explained by these two factors as well as by the wish of some corporations to introduce their own requirements for the products deliverers.

There two big groups of certification systems in Russia: voluntary and obligatory ones. From the names it is clear that the evaluation of conformity for the objects of obligatory certification system appears to be mandatory requirement for all Russian manufacturers and for the products from abroad.

Obligatory certification

It is only federal state structure who can create the obligatory certification system of Russia. The system must go through the procedure of state registration. The Rosstandart which is responsible for the certification in Russia as a whole keeps a registry of the RF certification systems. Only after receiving the Certificate of state registration with getting the unique registration number, you may perform activities in evaluating conformity as a new system.

There are 16 obligatory certification systems in Russia:

· GOST R;

· Means of protection of information according to requirements of informational security;

· “Electrocommunication”;

· Geodesic, cartographic and topographic production;

· On the federal Railway transport;

· Means of protection of information;

· Security of manufacturing of explosives;

· In the sphere of fire security;

· Means of protection of information according to requirements of security;

· Marine civil vessels;

· On the air transport of the RF;

· Air techniques and the objects of civil aviation;

· Space craft;

· For nuclear sets, the points of storing radioactive materials;

· Means of protecting the information that include the state secret;

· Immune biological preparations.

The obligatory GOST R certification system consists of sub-systems of certificating homogeneous products. The obligatory GOST R certification system consists of 40 sub-systems according to the kinds of homogeneous production. For example the following sub-systems:

· Medical certification;

· The system of certification oil products;

· The system of certification of dishes;

· The system of certification of electrical equipment (SCE);

· The system of certification of mechanic transport means and trailers;

· The system of certification of gases;

· The “SEPROCHIM” certification system (rubber, asbestos) and many others.

The management of state property in the sphere of technical regulation, organizing an performing works in certification in the GOST R system is performed by the Rostechregulation (former Gosstandart) which appears to be the Federal agency for technical regulation and metrology (now is called Rosstandart). The given agency is part of he structure of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the RF.

It became the very first and the largest system of evaluation of conformity in Russia and it encompasses all the groups of production that are to be evaluated according to the Federal Law “About protection of Consumers Rights” and it performs the other legislative acts considering separate kinds of goods The authority of the GOST R obligatory certification systems covers also the voluntary GOST R certification system because the applicants for the voluntary evaluation of conformity most often apply this very system.

Voluntary certification

Any Russian citizen may register such evaluation system according to the Law. While creating the system you must set the list of objects to be evaluated on conformity in its frameworks, the indicators and characteristics in accordance to which the voluntary certification will be performed, you must also formulate the rules of system and the pay order of the works in certification, and you must define the participants of the given system of evaluation of conformity.

Registration of voluntary certification system is similar to the procedure of registration of the obligatory system. In the case of refusal, the Rosstandart sends to the applicant explanations of reasons why the new system may not be registered. Nowadays there are more than 130 central certification organs that went through the registration procedure.

 

Контрольные вопросы:

1. What do any certification system includes?

2. How many obligatory certification systems are in Russia?

3. What does mean voluntary certification?

Литература:

1 Основная литература:

1.1 Basic English (second year): учебник для 2 курса по баз. осн.ин.яз. / С.М. Булатова; Ж.А.Тутбаева / - 2012.

1.2 Романов, С.Д. Большой современный англо-русский русско-английский словарь-справочник:80 000 слов и выражений современного английского и русского языка.

 

2 Дополнительная литература:

2.1 Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Профессионально-ориентированный иностранный язык» для студентов специальности «Стандартизация, серитификация и метрология», Семей, 2015. 109 с.

2.2 Агабекян И.П. «Английский язык для технических вузов», Ростов-на-Дону,2001.

2.3 Образцов П.И., Иванова О.Ю. Профессионально-ориентированное обучение иностранному языку на неязыковых факультетах вузов. Орел: ОГУ, 2005. 114 с.

2.5 Источники интернет.

2.5 Научно – техническая информация на английском языке.

Практическое занятие №6 (3 часа)