Тема: Standardization process

 

Цель занятия: Освоить термины и определения по тексту.

Методические рекомендации (указания) по выполнению задания:

1.Прочитать текст.

2. Перевести текст.

3. Выписать новые слова.

Standardization process

A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Here are some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status:

• PWI - Preliminary Work Item
• NP or NWIP - New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal
• AWI - Approved new Work Item
• WD - Working Draft
• CD - Committee Draft
• FCD - Final Committee Draft
• DIS - Draft International Standard
• FDIS - Final Draft International Standard
• PRF - Proof of a new International Standard
• IS - International Standard

Abbreviations used for amendments:

• NP Amd - New Proposal Amendment
• AWI Amd - Approved new Work Item Amendment
• WD Amd - Working Draft Amendment
• CD Amd / PDAmd - Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment
• FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) - Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment
• FDAM (FDAmd) - Final Draft Amendment
• Amd - Amendment

Other abbreviations:

• TR - Technical Report
• DTR - Draft Technical Report
• TS - Technical Specification
• DTS - Draft Technical Specification
• PAS - Publicly Available Specification
• TTA - Technology Trends Assessment
• IWA - International Workshop Agreement
• Cor - Technical Corrigendum
• Guide - a guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards

International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:

• Stage 1: Proposal stage
• Stage 2: Preparatory stage
• Stage 3: Committee stage
• Stage 4: Enquiry stage
• Stage 5: Approval stage
• Stage 6: Publication stage

The TC/SC may set up working groups (WG) of experts for the preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which can have several Sub Groups (SG).

 

Stages in the development process of an ISO standard
Stage code	Stage	Associated document name	Abbreviations	Description
	Preliminary stage	Preliminary work item	PWI
	Proposal stage	New work item proposal	NP or NWIP, NP Amd/TR/TS/IWA
	Preparatory stage	Working draft(s)	AWI, AWI Amd/TR/TS, WD, WD Amd/TR/TS
	Committee stage	Committee draft(s)	CD, CD Amd/Cor/TR/TS, PDAmd (PDAM), PDTR, PDTS
	Enquiry stage	Enquiry draft	DIS, FCD, FPDAmd, DAmd (DAM), FPDISP, DTR, DTS	(CDV in IEC)
	Approval stage	Final draft International Standard	FDIS, FDAmd (FDAM), PRF, PRF Amd/TTA/TR/TS/Suppl, FDTR
	Publication stage	International Standard	ISO TR, TS, IWA, Amd, Cor
	Review stage		ISO TR, TS, IWA, Amd, Cor
	Withdrawal stage

It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives allow also the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure a document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS) if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.

The first step—a proposal of work (New Proposal) is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC29 and JTC1 respectively in the case of Moving Picture Experts Group - ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11). A working group (WG) of experts is set up by the TC/SC for the preparation of a working draft. When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups (e.g., MPEG) usually make open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that is produced for example for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently solid and the working group is satisfied that it has developed the best technical solution to the problem being addressed, it becomes committee draft (CD). If it is required, it is then sent to the P-members of the TC/SC (national bodies) for ballot.

The CD becomes final committee draft (FCD) if the number of positive votes is above the quorum. Successive committee drafts may be considered until consensus is reached on the technical content. When it is reached, the text is finalized for submission as a draft International Standard (DIS). The text is then submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. It is approved for submission as a final draft International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. ISO will then hold a ballot with National Bodies where no technical changes are allowed (yes/no ballot), within a period of two months. It is approved as an International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, only minor editorial changes are introduced into the final text. The final text is sent to the ISO Central Secretariat, which publishes it as the International Standard.

 

Контрольные вопросы:

1. What is the first stage of standardization process?

2. How many stages there are in the development process of an ISO standard?

3. Describe stages in the development process of an ISO standard?

 

Литература:

1 Основная литература:

1.1 Basic English (second year): учебник для 2 курса по баз. осн.ин.яз. / С.М. Булатова; Ж.А.Тутбаева / - 2012.

1.2 Романов, С.Д. Большой современный англо-русский русско-английский словарь-справочник:80 000 слов и выражений современного английского и русского языка.

 

2 Дополнительная литература:

2.1 Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Профессионально-ориентированный иностранный язык» для студентов специальности «Стандартизация, серитификация и метрология», Семей, 2015. 109 с.

2.2 Агабекян И.П. «Английский язык для технических вузов», Ростов-на-Дону,2001.

2.3 Образцов П.И., Иванова О.Ю. Профессионально-ориентированное обучение иностранному языку на неязыковых факультетах вузов. Орел: ОГУ, 2005. 114 с.

2.4 Источники интернет.

2.5 Научно – техническая информация на английском языке.

 

 

Микромодуль 2 – ISO

Практическое занятие №3 (2 часа)

Тема: About ISO

Цель занятия: Освоить термины и определения по тексту.

Методические рекомендации (указания) по выполнению задания:

1.Прочитать текст.

2. Перевести текст.

3. Выписать новые слова.

 

About ISO

What is ISO?

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world’s largest developer of voluntary International Standards. International Standards give state of the art specifications for products, services and good practice, helping to make industry more efficient and effective. Developed through global consensus, they help to break down barriers to international trade.

ISO develops International Standards. ISO was founded in 1947, and since then have published more than 19 500 International Standards covering almost all aspects of technology and business. From food safety to computers, and agriculture to healthcare, ISO International Standards impact all our lives.

Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of the name is always ISO.

The ISO story

The ISO story began in 1946 when delegates from 25 countries met at the Institute of Civil Engineers in London and decided to create a new international organization ‘to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards’. In February 1947 the new organisation, ISO, officially began operations. Since then, ISO has published over 19 500 International Standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. Today ISO has members from 169 countries and 3 368 technical bodies to take care of standard development. More than 150 people work full time for ISO’s Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland.