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Degrees of comparison of adectives and adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs
| Positive
| Comparative
| Superlative
| Formation
| One-syllable adjectives and adverbs
| old
wise
hot
easy
fast
early
| older, elder
wiser
hotter
easier
faster
earlier
| oldest, eldest
wisest
hottest
easiest
fastest
earliest
| For most one-syllable adjectives and adverbs, -er and –est are added.
| Two-syllable adjectives and adverbs
| famous
slowly
| more famous
more slowly
| most famous
most slowly
| For most two-syllable adj. and adv., more and most are used.
| busy
pretty
| busier
prettier
| busiest
prettiest
| -Er/-est are used with two-syllable adjectives that end in –y. the –y is changed to –i.
| clever
gentle
friendly
| clever
more clever
gentler
more gentle
friendlier
more friendly
| cleverest
most clever
gentlest
most gentle
friendliest
most friendly
| Some two-syllable adjectives use –er/-est or more/most: able, pleasant, angry, handsome, simple, common, quiet, narrow, sour, polite, cruel.
| Adjectives and adverbs with three or more syllables
| important
productive
carefully
| more important
more productive
more carefully
| most important
most productive
most carefully
| More and most are used with long adjectives and adverbs.
| Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs
| good/well
bad/badly
far
much/many
little
| better
worse
farther/further
more
less
| best
worst
farthest/furthest
most
least
|
NUMERALS
Cardinal Numerals (how many?)
| Ordinal Numerals (which?)
|
1,000
1,000,000
| one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
twenty-three
twenty-four
twenty-five
twenty-six
twenty-seven
twenty-eight
twenty-nine
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
a hundred
a thousand
a million
| first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty-first
twenty-second
twenty-third
twenty-fourth
twenty-fifth
twenty-sixth
twenty-seventh
twenty-eighth
twenty-ninth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
thousandth
millionth
|
1,006
5,000
260,127
| a/one hundred and forty
four hundred
a/one thousand and six
five thousand
two hundred and sixty thousand, one hundred and twenty-seven
| dates
| March 10, 1998 – the tenth of March nineteen ninety-eight or March the tenth nineteen ninety-eight
| Fractional Numerals
| Common Fractions:
1/2 – a half;
1/4 – a quarter;
1/5 – a/one fifth;
3/5 – three fifth;
1 ½ – one and a half;
3 4/5 – three and four fifths;
Decimal Fractions: 0.1 – nought point one;
10.92 – ten point nine two;
8.04 – eight point nought four;
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Дійсний спосіб
The Indicative Mood
| Активний стан
Active Voice
to write
|
| Present
| Past
| Future
| Future-in-the-Past
| Indefinite
| He writes letters every day
| He wrote a letter yesterday
| He will writea letter tomorrow
| (He said that) he would write a letter the next day
| Continuous
| He is writinga letter now
| He was writinga letter at 5 o’clock yesterday
| He will be writinga letter at 5 o’clock tomorrow
| (He said that) he would be writinga letter at 5 o’clock the next day
| Perfect
| He has already written a letter
| He had writtena letter by 5 o’clock yesterday
| He will have written a letter by 5 o’clock tomorrow
| (He said that) he would have writtena letter by 5 o’clock the next day
| Perfect Continuous
| He has been writinga letter since morning
| He had been writing a letter for two hours when I came
| He will have been writinga letter for two hours when I come
| (He said that) he would have been writing a letter for two hours when I came
| Present Indefinite
| to work
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I work
He works
She works
It works
We work
You work
They work
| I do not work
He does not work
She does not work
It does not work
We do not work
You do not work
They do not work
| Do I work?
Does he work?
Does she work?
Does it work?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work
| Yes, I do
Yes, he does
Yes, she does
Yes, it does
Yes, we do
Yes, you do
Yes, they do
| No, I don’t
No, he doesn’t
No, she isn’t
No, it isn’t
No, we don’t
No, you don’t
No, they don’t
| Past Indefinite
| to work; to write
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I worked (wrote)
He worked (wrote)
She worked (wrote)
It worked (wrote)
We worked (wrote)
You worked (wrote)
They worked (wrote)
| I did not work
(write)
He did not work (write)
She did not work (write)
It did not work (write)
We did not work (write)
You did not work (write)
They did not work (write)
| Did I work (write)?
Did he work (write)? Did she work (write)?
Did it work (write)? Did we work (write)?
Did you work (write)?
Did they work (write)?
| Yes, I did
Yes, he did
Yes, she did
Yes, it did
Yes, we did
Yes, you did
Yes, they did
| No, I didn’t
No, he didn’t
No, she didn’t
No, it didn’t
No, we didn’t
No, you didn’t
No, they didn’t
| Future Indefinite
| to work
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I shall work
He will work
She will work
It will work
We shall work
You will work
They will work
| I shall not work
He will not work
She will not work
It will not work
We shall not work
You will not work
They will not work
| Shall I work?
Will he work?
Will she work?
Will it work?
Shall we work?
Will you work?
Will they work?
| Yes, I shall
Yes, he will
Yes, she will
Yes, it will
Yes, we shall
Yes, you will
Yes, they will
| No, I shan’t
No, he won’t
No, she won’t
No, it won’t
No, we shan’t
No, you won’t
No, they won’t
| Future-in-the-Past Indefinite Tense
| to write
| (He knew that)
| (He thought that)
| I should write
He would write
She would write
It would write
We should write
You would write
They would write
| I should not write
He would not write
She would not write
It would not write
We should not write
You would not write
They would not write
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Present Continuous Tense
| to work
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I am working
He is working
She is working
It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working
| I am not working
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
We are not working
You are not working
They are not working
| Am I working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?
| Yes, I am
Yes, he is
Yes, she is
Yes, it is
Yes, we are
Yes, you are
Yes, they are
| No, I am not
No, he isn’t
No, she isn’t
No, it isn’t
No, we aren’t
No, you aren’t
No, they aren’t
| Past Continuous Tense
| to work
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I was working
He was working
She was working
It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
| I was not working
He was not working
She was not working
It was not working
We were not working
You were not working
They were not working
| Was I working?
Was he working?
Was she working?
Was it working?
Were we working?
Were you working?
Were they working?
| Yes, I was
Yes, he was
Yes, she was
Yes, it was
Yes, we are
Yes, you are
Yes, they are
| No, I wasn’t
No, he wasn’t
No, she wasn’t
No, it wasn’t
No, we weren’t
No, you weren’t
No, they, weren’t
| Future Continuous Tense
| to work
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I shall be writing
He will be writing
She will be writing
It will be writing I We shall be writing
You will be writing
They will be writing
| I shall not be writing
He will not be writing
She will not be writing
It will not be writing
We shall not be writing
You will not be writing
They will not be writing
| Shall I be writing?
Will he be writing?
Will she be writing?
Will it be writing?
Shall we be writing?
Will you be writing?
Will they be writing?
| Yes, I shall
Yes, he will
Yes, she will
Yes, it will
Yes, we shall
Yes, you will
Yes, they will
| No, I shan’t
No, he won’t
No, she won’t
No, it won’t
No, we shan’t
No, you won’t
No, they won’t
| Future-in-the-Past Continuous Tense
| to write
| (He said that)
| (He supposed that)
| I should be writing
He would be writing
She would be writing
It would be writing
We should be writing
You would be writing
They would be writing
| I should not be writing
He would not be writing
She would not be writing
It would not be writing
We should not be writing
You would not be writing
They would not be writing
| | Present Perfect Tense
| to write
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I have written
He has written
She has written
It has written
We have written
You have written
They have witten
| I have not written
He has not written
She has not written
It has not written
We have not written
You have not written
They have not written
| Have I written?
Has he written?
Has she written?
Has it written?
Have we written?
Have you written?
Have they written?
| Yes, I have
Yes, he has
Ye, she has
Yes, it has
Yes, we have
Yes, you have
Yes, they have
| No, I haven’t
No, he hasn’t
No, she hasn’t
No, it hasn’t
No, we haven’t
No, you haven’t
No, they haven’t
| Past Indefinite
| to write –
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I had written
He had written
She had written
It had written
We had written
You had written
They had written
| I had not written
He had not written
She had not written
It had not written
We had not written
You had not written
They had not written
| Had I written?
Had he written?
Had she written?
Had it written?
Had we written?
Had you written?
Had they written?
| Yes, I had
Yes, he had Yes, she had Yes, it had Yes, we had Yes, you had
Yes, they had
| No, I hadn’t
No, he hadn’t
No, she hadn’t No, it hadn’t No, we hadn’t
No, you hadn’t No, they hadn’t
| Future Perfect
| to write
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
|
| I shall have written
He will have written
She will have written
It will have written
We shall have written
You will have written
They will have written
| I shall not have written
He will not have written
She will not have written
It will not have written
We shall not have written
You will not have written
They will not have written
| Shall I have written?
Will he have written?
Will she have written?
Will it have written?
Shall we have written?
Will you have written?
Will they have written?
| Yes, I shall
Yes, he will
Yes, she will
Yes, it will
Yes, we shall
Yes, you will
Yes, they will
| No, I shan’t
No, he won’t
No, she won’t
No, it won’t
No, we shan’t
No, you won’t
No, they won’t
| Future-in-the-Past Perfect Tense
| to write
| (He was shure that)
| (He guessed that)
| I should have written
He would have written
She would have written
It would have written
We should have written
You would have written
They would have written
| I should not have written
He would not have written
She would not have written
It would not have written
We should not have written
You would not have written
They would not have written
|
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
| to write
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I have been writing
He has been writing
She has been writing
It has been writing
We have been writing
You have been writing
They have been writing
| I have not been writing
He has not been writing
She has not been writing
It has not been writing
We have not been writing
You have not been writing
They have not been writing
| Have I been writing?
Has he been writing?
Has she been writing?
Has it been writing?
Have we been writing?
Have you been writing?
Have they been writing?
| Yes, I have
Yes, he has
Ye, she has
Yes, it has
Yes, we have
Yes, you have
Yes, they have
| No, I haven’t
No, he hasn’t
No, she hasn’t
No, it hasn’t
No, we haven’t
No, you haven’t
No, they haven’t
| Past Perfect Continuous Tense
| to write –
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I had been writing
He had been writing
She had been writing
It had been writing
We had been writing
You had been writing
They had been writing
| I had not been writing
He had not been writing
She had not been writing
It had not been writing
We had not been writing
You had not been writing
They had not been writing
| Had I been writing?
Had he been writing?
Had she been writing?
Had it been writing?
Had we been writing?
Had you been writing?
Had they been writing?
| Yes, I had
Yes, he had Yes, she had Yes, it had Yes, we had Yes, you had
Yes, they had
| No, I hadn’t
No, he hadn’t
No, she hadn’t No, it hadn’t No, we hadn’t
No, you hadn’t No, they hadn’t
| Future Perfect Continuous Tense
| to write
| Affirmative
| Negative
| Interrogative
|
| I shall have been writing
He will have been writing
She will have been writing
It will have been writing
We shall have been writing
You will have been writing
They will have been writing
| I shall not have been writing
He will not have been writing
She will not have been writing
It will not have been writing
We shall not have been writing
You will not have been writing
They will not have been writing
| Shall I have been writing?
Will he have been writing?
Will she have been writing?
Will it have been writing?
Shall we have been writing?
Will you have been writing?
Will they have been writing?
| Yes, I shall
Yes, he will
Yes, she will
Yes, it will
Yes, we shall
Yes, you will
Yes, they will
| No, I shan’t
No, he won’t
No, she won’t
No, it won’t
No, we shan’t
No, you won’t
No, they won’t
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