Read the first part of an article on ecotourism. How many of your ideas are mentioned?

Tourism can be a good thing or a bad thing for local people and the environment. It depends how responsible companies and individual tourists want to be.

Large numbers of tourists visiting villages and forests can damage the environment in many ways. Paths get destroyed, trees are cut down to provide wood for building or fuel, people leave rubbish, and the extra noise frightens local wildlife. Local people may start to work in the tourist industry, but not be paid fair wages. Also, a lot of the money from tourism goes to companies outside the area, so it doesn't help local people.

However, money from ecotourism can help to protect areas where animals and plants are in danger. It can pay for nature conservation programmes, and the planting of trees. Ecotourism can help the economic development of local communities without damaging their traditional lifestyles. Simple ways to do this include using locally-owned hotels and restaurants and employing local people as guides or advisers.

If you are concerned about ecotourism, here are some questions to ask your tour operator.

• Do they use locally-owned businesses like hotels and restaurants?

• Do they pay fair wages to all employees?

• Do they offer training to local employees?

• How do they manage the rubbish created by tourists?

2. Read the first part of the article again. Complete the notes:

	Negative effects of tourism	Positive effects of ecotourism
environment	paths destroyed _________________	_________________
local people	__________________	__________________ __________________

Vocabulary

Read the second part of the article. Complete the definitions (1-6) with the highlighted words in the text:

In many pans of the world, there are local projects to encourage ecotourism.

National parks and nature reservesin Costa Rica offer nature-based tours that are aimed at preserving the natural habitat and the local wildlife, including some endangered species.

In northern Australia, cultural tours of aboriginal lands are very popular. This means more employment for the local inhabitants a better understanding of their traditions.

In Nepal, some trekking companies give large amounts of money to community projects, such as building schools, buying the technology to use solar energy instead of wood for healing, and providing fresh water in villages.

1. The _________________is where animals and plants normally live.

2. _____________________are ideas, beliefs, and ways of doing things.

3. _____________________are places where animals and plants are protected.

4._____________________are activities that help all the people living in one place.

5. ______________________are people who live in a particular area.

6. ______________________are animals, birds, plants, etc. in danger of disappearing from the world.

Reading 2

1. Read the text:

Old and New Tourism

In the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first realized that tourism could be a way out of their poverty, they built very large concrete hotels on the beaches of Kenya, South Africa, and other countries. For a time the charter flights poured in from Germany and Italy. The tourists hoped to see lions, but also wanted to lie by the pool and to eat food from their own country and enjoy the other comforts of home. The revenue from tourism rose sharply, but most of it went to international tour operators.

That was then. Fortunately, a new kind of travel is now in fashion. Today's tourists are leaving the high-rise hotels and European comforts. Instead they are looking for more authentic experiences. On the wild coast of South Africa, young tourists ride horses on unspoilt beaches and make their way through hills of subtropical vegetation. In the evening they sit round the fire and eat a traditional Xhosa meal of meat and vegetables; they listen to the local Xhosa people tell folk stories, before going to bed in simple tents and lodges. The experience is not offered by an international tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves. The Xhosa tour guides are paid two and a half times the average rate of pay.

The change from old tourism to new tourism did not happen suddenly. Interest in the traditional two-week sun and sea package holiday fell gradually towards the end of the last century. Individual tailor-made or independent holidays – such as fly-drive – have steadily become more popular. Nowadays people are taking shorter yet more diverse holidays. Long-haul flights are increasing and are making faraway places easier to get to. More and more tourists are looking for adventure, activity, and authenticity. Adventure travel, ecotourism, cultural tours, and sports vacations are taking people to more exotic destinations: China, the Maldives, Botswana, and Vanuatu.

 

2. Discuss these questions with a partner:

1) How do you think tourists' reasons for travelling have changed in the last twenty or 30 years?

2) What do you think is meant by 'old' and 'new' tourism?

3) Do you think these words are related to 'old' or 'new' tourism?

help you high-rise package long-haul independent

concrete authentic fly-drive ecotourism

 

3. Use information from the text to complete these tables:

In Africa Old tourism New tourism

1. What do tourists want to do?

2. What do tourists want to eat?

3. Where do tourists stay?

4. Who are the tourism employees?

In general Old tourism New tourism

1. Types of holiday

2. Length of holiday

3. Types of activities on holiday

4. Destinations

 

APPENDIX 1

Countries and Nationalities

Country	Adjective	Nationality	Notes
-(i)an
Ukraine	Ukrainian	Ukrainian/ the Ukrainians
Russia	Russian	Russian/ the Russians
Italy	Italian	Italian/ the Italians
the USA	American	American/ the Americans
Belgium	Belgian	Belgian/ the Belgians
Luxembourg	Luxembourgian	Luxembourger/the Luxembourgers
Hungary	Hungarian	Hungarian/ the Hungarians
Norway	Norwegian	Norwegian/ the Norwegians
Canada	Canadian	Canadian/ the Canadians
South Africa	South African	South African/ the South African
Mexico	Mexican	Mexican/ the Mexicans
Austria	Austrian	Austrian/ the Austrians
Brazil	Brazilian	Brazilian/ the Brazilians
Romania	Romanian	Romanian/ the Romanians
Germany	German	German/ the Germans
Bulgaria	Bulgarian	Bulgarian/ the Bulgarians
Australia	Australian	Australian/ the Australians
Cyprus	Cyprian	Cypriot(e)/ the Cypriots
Egypt	Egyptian	Egyptian/ the Egyptians
India	Indian	Indian/ the Indians
Korea	Korean	Korean/ the Koreans
Argentina	Argentine, Argentinean	Argentinean/ the Argentineans
Cuba	Cuban	Cuban/ the Cubans
Chile	Chilean	Chilean/ the Chileans
Tunisia	Tunisian	Tunisian/ the Tunisians
Croatia	Croatian	Croat/ the Croats
Slovenia	Slovenian	Slovene/the Slovenes
Slovakia	Slovak, Slovakian	Slovak/ the Slovaks
Venezuela	Venezuelan	Venezuelan/ the Venezuelans
Singapore	Singaporean	Singaporean/ the Singaporeans
Malaysia	Malaysian	Malaysian/ the Malaysians
Algeria	Algerian	Algerian/ the Algerians
Albania	Albanian	Algerian/ the Algerians
Bosnia-Herzegovina	Bosnian	Bosnian/ the Bosnians
Byelorussia	Byelorussian	Byelorussian/ the Byelorussians
Latvia	Latvian	Latvian/ The Latvians
Lithuania	Lithuanian	Lithuanian/ the Lithuanians
Estonia	Estonian	Estonian/ the Estonians
Georgia	Georgian	Georgian/ the Georgians
Armenia	Armenian	Armenian/ the Armenians
Moldova	Moldavian	Moldavian/ the Moldavians
-sh
Great Britain	British	Englishman/ the British
Scotland	Scottish, Scots	Scotsman/ the Scotsmen
Spain	Spanish	Spaniard/ the Spanish
Finland	Finnish	Finn/ the Finns
Poland	Polish	Pole/ the Poles
Sweden	Swedish	Swede/ the Swedes
Ireland	Irish	Irishman/ the Irishmen
Turkey	Turkish	Turk/ the Turks
Denmark	Danish	Dane/ the Danes
-ese
China	Chinese	Chinese/ the Chinese
Japan	Japanese	Japanese/ the Japanese
Vietnam	Vietnamese	Vietnamese/ the Vietnamese
Taiwan	Taiwanese	Taiwanese/ the Taiwanese
Portugal	Portuguese	Lebanese/ the Lebanese
Malta	Maltese	Maltese/ the Maltese
Lebanon	Lebanese	Lebanese/ the Lebanese
Nepal	Nepalese	Nepalese/ the Nepalese
-i
Iraq	Iraqi/ Iraqui	Iraqi
Kuwait	Kuwaiti	Kuwaiti
Oman	Omani	Omani
Pakistan	Pakistani	Pakistani
Afghanistan	Afghan, Afghani	Afghan, Afghani/ the Afghans, Afghani
Iran	Irani(an)	Iranian/ the Iranians
Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani(an)	Azerbaijani

 

Others
Iceland	Icelandic	Icelander/ the Icelanders
Montenegro	Montenegrin	Montenegrin/ the Montenegrins
France	French	Frenchman/ the French
Greece	Greek	Greek/ the Greeks
the Netherlands (Holland)	Dutch	Dutchman/ the Dutch
Switzerland	Swiss	Swiss/ the Swiss
Thailand	Thai	Thai/ the Thai
Czech, Czechia	Czech	Czech/ the Czechs
Israel	Israelite/Israeli	Israelite/ the Israelites Israeli/ the Israeli(s)
New Zealand	New Zealand	New Zealander/ the New Zealanders
Tajikistan	Tajik	Tajik/ the Tagik
Kazakhstan	Kazak(h)	Kazakh/ the Kazakhs
Uzbekistan	Uzbek	Uzbek/ the Uzbeks
Turkmenistan	Turkmen	Turkman/ the Turkmen
Kirg(h)izia, Kyrgyzstan	Kirghiz	Kirghiz/ the Kirghiz

APPENDIX 2