Text 1. The main concepts of tourism

Study the text and do the tasks given below.

Vocabulary

1. recreational - развлекательный, относящийся к сфере развлечений, отдыху

2. provision - обеспечение, предоставление; снабжение

3. environment - окружение, окружающая обстановка; окружающая среда

4. consecutive – последовательный

5. to remunerate – вознаграждать, компенсировать, оплачивать

6. consumption - потребление; затрата, издержки, расход

7. to levy on/upon – облагать налогом

8. accommodation – помещение, жилье, ночлег, приют, убежище

9. hospitality - гостеприимность, гостеприимство

10. inbound – прибывающий, возвращающийся

11. outbound – отправляемый за границу, вылетающий международным рейсом

12. to encompass – окружать, заключать

13. intrabound tourism – внутренний туризм

14. to shift – сдвигать, менять

15. to contribute – вносить вклад

Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited". Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2006, there were over 842 million international tourist arrivals.

Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts.

Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.

The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994 in its Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism, which involves residents of the given country traveling only within this country; Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country; and Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country.

The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the 3 basic forms of tourism: Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism; National tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism; and International tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound tourism is a term coined by the Korea Tourism Organization and widely accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policymaking and implementation of national tourism policies.

Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism because many countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists. Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Examples of such campaigns include "See America" in the United States, "Get Going Canada" in Canada, "Guseok Guseok" (corner to corner) in South Korea, and "Incredible India" in India.

Text work

1. Give Russian equivalents:

1 to support leisure travel

2 recreational purposes

3 to be vital for somebody

4 goods and services

5 entertainment venue

6 implementation of national tourism policies

7 promotion of inbound tourism

8 local economy

9 domestic tourism

10 non-residents traveling

2. Find synonyms to the following words:

1 leisure

2 purpose

3 to support

4 opportunity

5 permanent

6 to comprise

7 recently

8 promotion

9 competition

10 priority

 

3. Find antonyms to the following words:

1 resident

2 domestic tourism

3 to arise

4 local

5 tough

 

4. Match the given words with definitions:

1 To levy on a. the process of putting something into effect; carrying

something out

2 Hospitality b. to engage in something; to promise to do something

3 Implementation c. to demand and collect a payment, tax, debt, etc. by

authority or force

4 Non-resident d. friendly and generous treatment and entertainment of

guests or strangers, especially in one’s own home

5 To undertake e. a person not living permanently in a particular country

 

5. Read and translate the following groups of words derived from a common root:

1 to provide – provision – providing – provided

2 to employ – employment – employed – employer – employee

3 to compete – competition – competitive – competitor

4 to implement – implementation – implemented – implemental – implementator

5 to promote – promotion – promotional – promoted

 

6. Answer the questions:

1 What are the main objectives of tourism?

2 Do you agree that tourists are people who travel outside their ordinary environment for business or leisure? Suggest your definition.

3 Why is tourism considered vital in some countries? Give reasons.

4 What service industries do you know?

5 what types of tourism do you know?

6 What are the differences between domestic tourism and intrabound tourism?

7 How was the tourism industry changed in the recent years?

8 Study the text once again and give your own definition of tourism.

 

7. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1 Tourism industry is not important nowadays.

2 It is better to travel inside your own country than to go abroad.

3 I’d prefer outbound tourism to domestic tourism.

 

For agreement For disagreement use:

1 I fully agree 1 I don’t think that’s right

2 I think it is right 2 Well, I’m not sure if it’s true

3 I quite agree 3 Actually, I disagree

4 I believe it’s correct 4 I can’t agree with it

5 I definitely agree 5 Frankly speaking, I disagree

Text 2. Domestic tourism

Skim the text and find the information about the main Moscow attractions. Choose one of them and prepare additional information about it.

Tourism in Russia has been growing rapidly in the years following the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1991. Most of the tourism is centered on the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, since these cities are the sites of some of the most famous attractions of Russia, such as the Red Square, St. Basil's Cathedral, the Kremlin in Moscow, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the State Hermitage Museum and the Church of the Savior on Blood in St. Petersburg, which recently celebrated the tercentennial of its founding in 2003. Tourists are attracted by the very rich cultural heritage and rather tumultuous history of Russia, and this is reflected in the popularity of Russia's most famous attractions.

Popular tourist destinations in the major cities include the following:

• The Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
• The Bolshoi Theater (Moscow)
• The Red Square (Moscow)
• The Kremlin (Moscow)
• St. Isaac's Cathedral (St. Petersburg)
• The canals and waterways of St. Petersburg, located on the river Neva. St. Petersburg is sometimes known as the "Venice of the North" and is famed for its "white nights" during the summer
• The Summer Palace of Peter the Great (St. Petersburg)
• The Church of the Savior on Blood (St. Petersburg)
• The Russian Museum, the largest repository of Russian fine art in St. Petersburg
• The Ilya Glazunov Gallery (Moscow), which opened recently

The Russian countryside tends to be quite rural and undeveloped. Vast stretches of tundra, taiga woodlands, and steppe stretch across vast expanses of the Eurasian continent. Russia is a country that spans 11 time zones. In the countryside, there are many little towns with old cloisters and castles. Some notable cities and towns, which have their own rich cultures and traditions, include Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg) on the Baltic Sea coast, Novgorod (a famed midieval town) on Lake Ilmen, Tver, Vologda, Nizhni Novgorod, Kirov, Ekaterinburg, Rostov and Kazan.

Tourists are also drawn to the cruises on the big rivers like Volga, Lena or Yenisei as well as journeys on the famous Trans-Siberian railway, the third-longest continuous service that stretches from Moscow to its eastern terminous of Vladivostok at the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. Other destinations include the Golden Ring region towns of Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Rostov, Suzdal, Uglich, and Pereslavl-Zalessky.

While Russia, as a whole, is a cold country, parts of the country have temperate climates, and most of the country has temperate weather during the summer. The coasts of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea occur near the temperate Mediterranean climate zone due to its adjacency to the Mediterranean Sea. A popular vacationing destination is the city of Sochi, known for its beaches. The Crimea is also a favourite vacation resort; even though this autonomous region is in Ukraine, many people associate it with Russia because of its long historical connection to Russia. Yalta is the best known vacation center, though Sevastopol is also well known.

 

Vocabulary

1 tercentennial - трехсотлетняя годовщина, трехсотлетие

2 heritage - наследство; наследие

3 tumultuous - шумный, буйный, бурный

4 to locate on - располагать в определенном месте; помещать, размещать

5 to reflect in - отражаться в чем-либо

6 to fame for - прославлять (за что-либо), славить

7 to tend to - иметь тенденцию (к чему-л.); клониться, склоняться (к чему-л.)

8 to span - измерять, мерить, отмерять

9 cloister - монастырь

10 to be drawn to - зд. привлекать, притягивать, соблазнять

11 terminous - конечная станция; цель, место назначения

12 due to - благодаря; вследствие; в результате

13 adjacency - соседство; смежность, сопредельность

14 to associate with – ассоциировать с

15 autonomous – автономный, независимый

 

Text work

1. Find English equivalents in the text:

1 концентрироваться (сосредоточиваться) вокруг центра города

2 самые известные достопримечательности

3 праздновать трехсотлетие

4 богатое культурное наследие

5 каналы и водные пути

6 крупнейшее хранилище изобразительного искусства

7 умеренный климат

8 популярное место отдыха

9 автономный регион

10 хорошо известен

 

2. Find the synonyms to the given words in the text:

1 quickly

2 to concentrate on/in

3 place of interest

4 lately

5 well known

6 to involve

7 to be situated

8 stretches

9 destination

10 holiday, leisure

 

3. Fill in the table with words with common root:

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
center
	to attract
		associative
			adjacently

 

4. Skim the text once again and find information about climate conditions in Russia. Retell it.

5. Read the following extract about climate conditions and fill in the summary table:

Moscow has a hemiboreal climate with warm, somewhat humid summers and long, cold winters. Typical high temperatures in the warm months of July and August are around 22 °C (72 °F); in the winter, temperatures normally drop to approximately -12 °C (10 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded was +36.7 °C (98.1 °F), and the lowest ever recorded was -42.2 °C in January 1940. Monthly rainfall totals vary minimally throughout the year, although the precipitation levels tend to be higher during the summer than during the winter. Due to the significant variation in temperature between the winter and summer months as well as the limited fluctuation in precipitation levels during the summer, Moscow is considered to be within a continental climate zone.

 

	Summer	Winter
Average temperature (˚C)
The highest temperature (˚C)
The lowest temperature (˚C)