Интегрированный конкурс понимания устной и письменной речи

 (Аудирование и чтение)

№ №	Ответ	Комментарии / Фрагмент аудиозаписи № 1
1.1	B	But are we addicted to our phones and apps? … Former Google and Facebook employees certainly think so. … A more formal definition of addiction describes it as a repeated involvement with an activity, despite the harm it causes. Someone with an addiction has cravings … They’re more likely to get addicted to smartphones and social media and that addiction itself makes them candidates for other addictions…
1.2	A	Основной темой обсуждения является влияние современных технологий и гаджетов на человека: Former Google and Facebook employees certainly think so. So, they’ve set up a non-profit organisation, the Center for Humane Technology, to reverse the digital attention crisis and promote safe technology for children… Anyone who’s seen queues round the block for the latest iPhone has to wonder what these people are thinking… I read about both of those via the news app on my phone, which updates every couple of minutes with the latest stories…
1.3	A C D E G	Следующие слова и фразы не являются ключевыми для понимания содержания текста и не могут использоваться в качестве тэгов для поиска данной аудиозаписи: Generation gap – не передаёт основное содержание текста, не используется в тексте аудиозаписи. The sound of kids – данное сочетание не передаёт основное содержание текста и употребляется в крайне ограниченном контексте. Оно используется в начале передачи для описания происходящего: The sound of kids hanging out together. Vicious circle – данное сочетание не передаёт основное содержание текста и употребляется в крайне ограниченном контексте, только для выражения мнения ведущего: It sounds like a vicious circle.…
1.4	D	В аудиозаписи не содержится информации о целях указанной кампании: So, the ‘Truth about Tech’ campaign by Common Sense Media and the Center for Humane Technology couldn’t come fast enough for most of us. В письменном тексте содержится информация, противоречащая данному утверждению: The Center for Humane Technology, in partnership with nonprofit Common Sense, is launching a campaign called Truth about Tech to educate consumers about the best ways to use media within their families.
1.5	D	В аудиозаписи содержится противоречащая данному утверждению информация: Most of us spend hours a day with our heads bent over our smartphones. Research suggests teenagers spend as many as nine hours a day, while pre-teens spend up to six … And it’s not just teenagers and millennials, Generation X and even the Baby Boomers are almost as bad. В тексте для чтения не содержится информации о том, сколько времени тратят представители различных поколений на использование смартфонов.
1.6	C	В аудиозаписи содержится данная информация: W e know that teenagers who spend a lot of time on social media are 56 per cent more likely to report being unhappy and 27 per cent more likely to suffer depression. Teenagers are especially vulnerable because they’re more sensitive to highs and lows anyway, so we’re looking at, potentially, higher instances of suicide, schizophrenia, anxiety and addiction in teens which is exacerbated by dependence on technology. В тексте для чтения не содержится информации о психологических проблемах подростков: It also affects how we feel as many people become anxious or depressed after using social media because they feel they aren’t having as much fun as their friends are.
1.7	A	В аудиозаписи содержится данная информация: Setting devices to greyscale, which is basically black and white, might make them less appealing. В тексте для чтения также содержится данная информация: Bright icons give our brains shiny rewards every time we unlock while setting your phone to grayscale removes those positive reinforcements.
№№	Ответ	Комментарии / Фрагмент аудиозаписи № 2
1.8	B	Today we are talking about trash… But today’s guest is an exception. I'm thrilled to welcome Lauren Singer who is living a trash-free life in New York City… She can fit all the trash she’s made in the last four years into a mason jar. Lauren’s the founder of ‘Trash is for Tossers’, a blog dedicated to showing that leading a zero-waste lifestyle is simple…
1.9	C	Основной темой обсуждения является образ жизни, который позволяет минимизировать загрязнение окружающей среды: I made a decision to stop using plastic. And from there I realized that I couldn’t just buy my way out of using plastic, I couldn’t go to a pharmacy and buy plastic-free products. It’s a function of our society; everything is packaged in plastic. So, I had to make a lot of my own products, and that’s kind of how I found out about the zero-waste lifestyle through learning how to make products myself. And what I learned about a zero-waste lifestyle, it was the most empowering thing I’ve ever learnt in my life because I thought lessening my environmental impact meant not using plastic, but realizing that I didn’t have to make any trash at all. To me there was no better way that I could find to align my day-to-day life with my values for environmental sustainability…
1.10	B C F G H	Следующие слова и фразы не являются ключевыми для понимания содержания текста и не могут использоваться в качестве тэгов для поиска данной аудиозаписи: Vegan lifestyle – данное сочетание не используется в тексте аудиозаписи, в тексте не идёт речь о таком образе жизни. Package free store – данное сочетание не используется в тексте аудиозаписи, в тексте не рассказывается о подобных магазинах. Oil and gas internship – данное сочетание не используется в тексте аудиозаписи, сочетание oil and gas используется в совершенно другом контексте: I’ve been protesting oil and gas industry for two years…
1.11	D	В тексте аудиозаписи содержится противоречащая данному утверждению информация: Everything kind of started for me when I was in college. I went to NYU and I studied Environmental Science. In my senior year when I was finishing up my studies, I was in the Environmental Studies Capstone course, which is the last course that you have to take as an Environmental Studies major. В тексте для чтения не содержится информации о том, когда Лорен решила вести безотходный образ жизни.
1.12	C	В аудиозаписи содержится данная информация: The average American household produces about 1600 pounds of garbage per year. That's about 726 kilos; 29 pounds per week per person. В тексте для чтения не содержится информации о количестве мусора, производимого в США: These young women aim to reduce their landfill trash at a time in history when, on average, every person produces nearly four pounds of trash per day.
1.13	D	В аудиозаписи не содержится информации об аллергии на пластик. В тексте для чтения не содержится информации об аллергии на пластик.
1.14	A	В тексте аудирования содержится данная информация: I make my own toothpaste… And it was a lot less expensive and just as affective and totally organic, and no synthetic ingredients, and I had control for the first time of what I was using as a toothpaste. В тексте для чтения также содержится данная информация: When you opt for the DIY route, you save money while creating products that are effective and safer to use than store-bought, chemical-filled ones.

Скрипт аудиозаписи № 1

Presenter: The sound of kids hanging out together. Or, at least, how it sounded a few years ago. Nowadays a group of, well, just about anyone – kids, teens, tweens, their parents – might sound a lot more like this... Most of us spend hours a day with our heads bent over our smartphones. Research suggests teenagers spend as many as nine hours a day, while pre-teens spend up to six.

Teen:     I don’t know, it’s, like, the first thing I do in the morning, check in and see who’s posted anything overnight. It’s my alarm clock so I kind of have to look at it and then, you know, it’s pretty hard not to scroll through.

Presenter: And it’s not just teenagers and millennials, Generation X and even the Baby Boomers are almost as bad.

Adult:    I’m online most of the day for work and you’d think I’d be sick of screens by the time I get home, but most of my news comes through Facebook and I’m really into food so I’ll hold my hands up to being one of those people who posts photos of their meals.

Presenter: But are we addicted to our phones and apps? And does it matter? Former Google and Facebook employees certainly think so. So, they’ve set up a non-profit organisation, the Center for Humane Technology, to reverse the digital attention crisis and promote safe technology for children.

Expert: Anyone who’s seen queues round the block for the latest iPhone has to wonder what these people are thinking. You’ve literally got people sleeping in the street to get the newest device, probably not even talking to anyone else in the queue because they’re on social media, taking selfies in the queue to post to Instagram. If that’s not addiction, it’s certainly obsession.

Presenter: A more formal definition of addiction describes it as a repeated involvement with an activity, despite the harm it causes. Someone with an addiction has cravings – that feeling that you haven’t checked your phone for two minutes and can’t relax until you get your hands on it again. They may have a lack of self-control and not realise their behaviour is causing problems – like texting while cycling or falling off a cliff taking a selfie. And, in case you’re wondering, I read about both of those via the news app on my phone, which updates every couple of minutes with the latest stories... definitely addicted. So, the ‘Truth about Tech’ campaign by Common Sense Media and the Center for Humane Technology couldn’t come fast enough for most of us. But it’s children who are probably most at risk because of the effect tech addiction might be having on their brain development. Professor Mary Michaels of the Atlanta Future Tech Institute has been working with very young children. Mary, thanks for dropping by. What is your research telling us?

Mary:     Well, we know that screen time is affecting key aspects of healthy child development, like sleep, healthy eating and what psychologists call ‘serve and return’ moments, which are when parents respond to babies seeking assurance and connection by making eye contact, smiling or talking. All perfectly normal things we do and which help lay the foundations of babies’ brains. It’s much harder to engage with a baby normally if you’re looking at your phone. Or, even worse, if parents give a crying child a phone to distract them instead of talking to them or hugging them, and that might lead to them failing to develop their ability to regulate their own emotions.

Presenter: And what about older children?

Mary:     Again, we know that teenagers who spend a lot of time on social media are 56 per cent more likely to report being unhappy and 27 per cent more likely to suffer depression. Teenagers are especially vulnerable because they’re more sensitive to highs and lows anyway, so we’re looking at, potentially, higher instances of suicide, schizophrenia, anxiety and addiction in teens which is exacerbated by dependence on technology.

Presenter: It sounds like a vicious circle. They’re more likely to get addicted to smartphones and social media and that addiction itself makes them candidates for other addictions.

Mary:     Yes, that’s right.

Presenter: Time to stage an intervention! Is there anything we can do to make tech less addictive?

Mary:     Setting devices to greyscale, which is basically black and white, might make them less appealing. And you can turn off the notifications that are constantly pulling you back in to check your phone.

Скрипт аудиозаписи № 2

Interviewer: Today we are talking about trash. The average American household produces about 1600 pounds of garbage per year. That's about 726 kilos; 29 pounds per week per person. That's about the size of an average two-year-old. A two-year-old worth the trash per person per week. It’s totally mind-boggling. But today’s guest is an exception. I'm thrilled to welcome Lauren Singer who is living a trash-free life in New York City. Well, almost trash-free. She can fit all the trash she’s made in the last four years into a mason jar. Lauren’s the founder of ‘Trash is for Tossers’, a blog dedicated to showing that leading a zero-waste lifestyle is simple. And she is also the CEO of the The Simply Co., making organic cleaning products that are safe for your home, your body, and the environment. Lauren, welcome!

Lauren:    Thanks so much for having me on!

Interviewer: I’m thrilled! So, can you tell me this mason jar life adventure, when and how did it start?

Lauren:    Everything kind of started for me when I was in college. I went to NYU and I studied Environmental Science. In my senior year when I was finishing up my studies, I was in the Environmental Studies Capstone course, which is the last course that you have to take as an Environmental Studies major. There was a girl in this class that every day would bring this big plastic bag full of her dinner, so, it’d have a clamshell made of plastic, full of food, it would have a plastic fork and knife, a plastic drink, and then a bag of chips, obviously packaged in plastic. And she would eat everything and just throw it away. And I thought that it was really weird that someone studying Environmental Science, someone that had pursued that topic of studies for the past four years was being so wasteful. And I would kind of get mad at her and stare at her, and think mean things about her, but I never really did anything. And then one day after class I went home to make dinner and I opened up my refrigerator and I saw for the first time that every single thing in there was packaged in plastic with zero exception: everything from my eggs to, you know, my milk, to my lettuce that I was buying pre-washed and packaged. Everything was packaged in plastic. And I started looking around my apartment and I noticed that all of my beauty products were packaged in plastic, all of my cleaning products were packaged in plastic, and most of my clothing was actually made of synthetic fabric, so made of plastic. And I had this moment when I was like “Oh my gosh! I’ve been so hypocritical from judging this girl when I am just as bad if not worse. And on top of that I’ve been protesting oil and gas industry for two years and I am actively consuming one of their biggest products on a multi-time daily basis”. So, there was such a disconnect, so I made a decision to stop using plastic. And from there I realized that I couldn’t just buy my way out of using plastic, I couldn’t go to a pharmacy and buy plastic-free products. It’s a function of our society; everything is packaged in plastic. So, I had to make a lot of my own products, and that’s kind of how I found out about the zero-waste lifestyle through learning how to make products myself. And what I learned about a zero-waste lifestyle, it was the most empowering thing I’ve ever learnt in my life because I thought lessening my environmental impact meant not using plastic, but realizing that I didn’t have to make any trash at all. To me there was no better way that I could find to align my day-to-day life with my values for environmental sustainability.

Interviewer: I can think already, if I had tried to go zero-waste all the obstacles I’d have, starting with getting out of bed, so toothpaste. You can’t find a zero-waste toothpaste but you found a solution.

Lauren:    I make my own toothpaste. And that was actually the first thing that I started making. So, when I started transitioning to a zero-waste lifestyle, I was like “Okay, let me try this”. And I tried baking soda and I was actually like “Wow, this kind of works, but it’s really salty. So, is there anything that I can do?” So, I started adding coconut oil, a little bit of Stevia, which is a natural sweetener to sweeten it up, and essential oils of peppermint or cinnamon which are naturally antibacterial. And I realized that with four simple ingredients I can change one major contributor to trash in my life which was toothpaste tubes. And it was a lot less expensive and just as affective and totally organic, and no synthetic ingredients, and I had control for the first time of what I was using as a toothpaste. And it felt really good, so that’s kind of what helped to motivate me to make more products of my own.

Interviewer: And do you think it translates because I grew up in a relatively small town. I spent most of my time in Toronto, but I grew up in a small town. Do you think it’s different living in a big town like New York City versus somewhere in middle America? Do you think that this is applicable across the country?

Lauren:    I’ve travelled extensively across United States in the past four years. I had to apply the way that I was living to different places, whether San Francisco or LA, or when we were travelling back and forth, and I found that every single place that I’ve been, I’ve been able to easily live this lifestyle. It’s just about having the resources to do so and the motivation to be consistent no matter where you are.

Interviewer: That’s amazing!