Конкурс понимания письменного текста (Чтение)

ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ГЕРЦЕНОВСКОЙ ОЛИМПИАДЕ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ФАЙЛА

Задания для отборочного тура. Тест № 1 и ключи …………………	1
Задания для отборочного тура. Тест № 2 и ключи …………………	6
Задания для заключительного тура 2019/20 г....................................	10
Разбор конкурсных заданий заключительного тура 2019/20 г. с комментариями …………………………………………………………..	23

 

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОТБОРОЧНОГО ТУРА. ТЕСТ № 1 + Ключи

Ø Конкурс на знание грамматики

Прочитайте микро-контекст, заполните пропуски грамматической формой, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

1.1. There’s a new pharmacy not far from here, just … the street from the baker’s.

A. across	B. in
C. opposite	D. through

1.2. There wasn’t a room … in a hotel, so we had to go and find some other place.

A. found	B. to be found
C. to find	D. to have been found

1.3. I can’t help … disappointed with the results of your test.

A. being felt	B. feeling
C. to be feeling	D. to feel

1.4. Dr. Martin said the company … to add a floor to the building quite soon.

A. had been able	B. is being able
C. will be able	D. would be able

1.5. Hardly … into the house when it started snowing.

A. had they come	B. have they come
C. they had come	D. they have come

1.6. Of which country is Vienna … capital?

A. −	B. a
C. an	D. the

1.7. If he … the tickets in advance, we would have better seats now.

A. booked	B. had booked
C. were booked	D. were booking

1.8. Diana is … she seems.

A. more hardworking	B. not hardworking as
C. not so hardworking as	D. so hardworking

1.9. John stayed at his … cottage last night.

A. a mother’s-in-law’s	B. mother’s-in-law
C. mother’s-in-law’s	D. mother-in-law’s

1.10. The old man feared lest he … miss the bus.

A. should	B. shouldn’t
C. would	D. wouldn’t

1.11. … the end of August they should come back home.

A. By	B. For
C. In	D. On

1.12.  … there yesterday or are you going to do it tomorrow?

A. Did you have go	B. Did you have to go
C. Had you go	D. Had you to go

1.13. Last week I bumped into an old friend whom I hadn’t seen for ten years.

 I stopped … to her.

A. talk	B. talking
C. to talk	D. to talking

1.14. No one told me whether they … any opportunity to defend themselves.

A. had been given	B. had been giving
C. had given	D. will be given

1.15. Right now the tide is low, but when the tide …, the ship will be able to leave the harbor.

A. come in	B. comes in
C. will come in	D. will have come

1.16. He wanted to hide … embarrassment he felt at making his report.

A. –	B. a
C. an	D. the

1.17. If it hadn’t been for the last question, she … a perfect score on the test.

A. got	B. will get
C. would get	D. would have got

1.18. I don’t suppose you could walk …?

A. a little bit slower	B. a little slowest
C. less slower	D. little bit slower

1.19. This … good news, …?

A. are…, aren’t they	B. is …, isn’t it
C. was …, isn’t it	D. were …, isn’t it

1.20. I wish I … all that money, or I would have enough left to buy a new coat.

A. hadn’t spend	B. hadn’t spent
C. won’t spend	D. wouldn’t have spent

Ø Конкурс на знание тематической лексики

Прочитайте микро-контекст, заполните пропуски лексической единицей, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

1.21. Many city … feel isolated in giant apartment buildings or housing projects.

A. people	B. dwellers
C. population	D. dwarves

1.22. We used to stay up all night, having endless … arguments about politics.

A. stormy	B. furious
C. angry	D. heated

1.23. The tortoise agreed that the hare ran as fast as the wind but claimed that he could easily … him in a race.

A. strike	B. hit
C. beat	D. knock

1.24. On 18th October 1957 John Lennon and Paul McCartney first played together …

A. alive	B. lively
C. live	D. living

1.25. Young people are always trying to catch … with the latest style.

A. up	B. through
C. with	D. –

1.26. He wonders … he could possibly get the job.

A. weather	B. whatever
C. whenever	D. whether

1.27. Salisbury Cathedral is a fine example of early medieval …

A. painting	B. music
C. handwork	D. architecture

1.28. John skipped his class, as he didn’t want to … the test.

A. take	B. pass
C. examine	D. check

1.29. You’ll notice that as soon as the children come home from school, the dog will jump up and show its great … for them.

A. infection	B. affection
C. affectation	D. protection

1.30. I love my job. I enjoy what I do so much because I … believe that I work with some of the best people in the world.

A. mostly	B. exactly
C. truly	D. strictly

Ø Конкурс по страноведению

 Прочитайте текст (микро-контекст), ответьте на вопрос или продолжите утверждение, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

1.31. The Mississippi River flows into …

A. the Gulf of Alaska	B. the Gulf of California
C. the Gulf of Mexico	D. the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1.32. Where was the first university in England founded?

A. In Cambridge	B. In Leicester
C. In London	D. In Oxford

1.33. Who is called by the British people “Our National Bard”, “The Bard of Avon”?

A. Charles Dickens	B. Jane Austen
C. Robert Burns	D. William Shakespeare

1.34. The Flag of the United States is called “Stars and Stripes”. What do the stripes represent?

A. the diversity of life	B. the national rivers
C. the original states	D. the oceans’ waves

1.35. The first president of the USA was …

A. Abraham Lincoln	B. George Washington
C. Ronald Reagan	D. Theodore Roosevelt

1.36. What is the National Gallery famous for?

A. It has the greatest collection of European paintings in the world.

B. It exhibits the works of man from prehistoric to modern times from around the world.

C. It is home to a permanent dinosaur exhibition.

D. It has one of the largest collections of arts and crafts including furniture, jewelry, ceramics and textiles.

1.37. What is the traditional Christmas desert in Britain?

A. Christmas pudding	B. Apple pie
C. Carrot cake	D. Cherries jubilee

1.38. What is the name of the red cross on the flag of England?

A. St Andrew’s Cross	B. St George’s Cross
C. St Patrick’s Cross	D. The Union Jack

1.39. What is a special day in England set aside to remember all those men and women who were killed during the two World Wars and other conflicts?

A. Victory Day	B. The Day of Peace
C. Eternal Light Day	D. Remembrance Day

1.40. What historical event gave rise to the Bonfire Night?

A. Bishops’ Wars	B. The Gunpowder Plot
C. The Battle of Hastings	D. The Battle of Trafalgar

Ø Конкурс на знание фонетики и орфографии

Напишите слово по транскрипции в соответствии с британским вариантом правописания.

1.41. [ˌentə'teɪnmənt]

1.42. ['fiːʧə]

1.43. ['leɪblɪŋ]

1.44. ['mɔdənaɪz]

1.45. ['sentə]

1.46. [wɪð'drɔː]

Прочитайте предложение (микроконтекст), заполните пропуски, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов ответа.

1.47. It’s a tsar’s …

A. throne	B. trone
C. thron	D. throun

1.48. She ​blushed with …

A. embarrasment	B. embarrassment
C. embarassment	D. embarrassement

1.49. How rude! He didn’t even …

A. knok	B. nock
C. knock	D. nok

1.50. I … ​dropped the vase.

A. accidentally	B. accidentelly
C. accidentaly	D. acidentally

Ø Ключи к Тесту № 1

1A	11A	21B	31C	41 entertainment
2B	12B	22D	32D	42 feature
3B	13C	23C	33D	43 labelling
4D	14A	24C	34C	44 modernise
5A	15B	25A	35B	45 centre
6D	16D	26D	36A	46 withdraw
7B	17D	27D	37A	47A
8C	18A	28A	38A	48B
9D	19B	29B	39D	49C
10A	20B	30C	40B	50A

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОТБОРОЧНОГО ТУРА. ТЕСТ № 2 + Ключи

Ø Конкурс чтения и понимания письменных текстов

Установите соответствие между фрагментами текстов и тематическими рубриками газеты. Внимание! 1 рубрика является лишней.

2.1. War photography is associated with black-and-white images taken in the heart of action, such as Robert Capa’s shots. Such pictures helped make Capa one of the most famous photojournalists. Yet he is all but absent from “Conflict, Time, Photography”, a new exhibition at Tate Modern. The focus is on those who looked back on the action years later.	A. World politics   B. Economics
2.2. Richard Mudabe sacked his vice-president, Joyce Mugaru, and seven ministers in a purge that cleared the way for Emerson Mnangagwa, the hardline former justice minister, to become his likeliest successor. Ms Mugaru denied accusations of corruption and plotting to kill Mr Mudabe.	C. Science and technology
2.3. Driving an electric car confers a badge of greenery, or so the marketing departments would have you believe. Yet a report which analyses the car emissions presents a different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with electricity generated by coal-fired power stations is likely to cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a conventional petrol-driven vehicle.	D. Culture

Установите соответствие между частями предложения связного текста. Внимание! 1 часть предложения является лишней.

2.4. More people speak English than any other language, but according to English language expert David Crystal, …	A. these new English speakers aren’t just learning the language B. new words are being invented C. there are hundreds of different types of English D. non-native speakers now outnumber native speakers by three to one E. is also changing F. in Asia had reached 350 million G. about half the world’s population will speak it
2.5. By the end of last year, the number of adult English speakers …
2.6. And according to the British Council, in ten years’ time 2 billion people will study English and …
2.7. The way that people study English …
2.8. … they are changing it.
2.9. … every day all over the world.

Ø Конкурс на знание грамматики

Определите, в грамматически правильной или неправильной форме употреблено выделенное слово / слова в данном контексте.

A. True

B. False

2.10. You will get into all sorts of problems unless there isn’t this clause in your contract. You absolutely have to include it.

2.11. Mattie is by far the best lawyer you’ve ever seen, don’t you agree?

2.12. “She is my sister.” – “I should guess the moment I saw her, you look so much alike.”

2.13. I still have two projects to complete. One is History, the other is Literature.

2.14. The airport announced it was set to clock up more than 60 million passengers in the end of the year.

2.15.  So far, his victory has been covered on the local newsbreaks only.

2.16.   Quarterly means something that happens four times the year.

2.17.  We asked Franny if she would go back to school after the holidays.

2.18.  I wish I didn’t overlook that error. I’m really sorry I did.

2.19.  The tornado is reported to have damaged some buildings in the area, but no one was hurt.

Установите соответствие между допущенной во фразе ошибкой и характером допущенной ошибки. Внимание! 1 вариант ошибки является лишним!

2.20. The place was deserted. It looked as if no one was there for quite a while.	A. Неправильное местоимение
2.21. A house was beautiful. Martin looked at it in amazement.	B. Неправильная форма причастия
2.22. “Would you like nothing to eat?” she suggested, knowing she had to be polite.	C. Неправильная форма глагола D. Неправильный артикль

 

2.23. If the children didn’t come home so late that night, they would have been scolded.	A. Неправильная форма прилагательного B. Неправильный артикль C. Неправильная форма инфинитива D. Неправильная форма глагола
2.24. He seems to be sleeping for a long time, we should wake him up.
2.25. It’s time Derek should start looking for the better-paid job.

 

2.26. I watched the car having disappeared down the street.	A. Неправильная форма глагола B. Неправильная форма существительного C. Неправильное местоимение D. Неправильная форма причастия
2.27. He saw that the sheep was all grazing in the field.
2.28. I’ve been watching this show since her premiere in 2003.

Установите соответствие между пропуском и грамматической формой. Внимание! 1 грамматическая форма является лишней.

2.29. Why can’t you two get …?	A. off
2.30. She usually gets … by bus.	B. along
2.31. She got … her cold quite quickly.	C. over
	D. around

Ø Конкурс на знание лексики

Установите соответствие между репликой (высказыванием) и ситуацией общения. Внимание! 1 ситуация является лишней.

2.32. What’s the purpose of your visit to the United States?	A. At the theatre B. In the cinema
2.33. Can I have the bill now?
2.34. I’m here to see Shakespeare’s famous play “Hamlet”.	C. Passport control D. At the restaurant

Установите соответствие между пропуском слова в связном тексте и словом из предлагаемого списка. Внимание! 1 слово является лишним.

2.35. The Hunger Games is an American science fiction … directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name.	A. book   B. the guidance   C. take her younger sister’s place   D. take part   E. fight to the death   F. adventure film
2.36. The story takes place in a post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must … in The Hunger Games.
2.37. The competition is a televised annual event in which the “tributes” are required to … until there is one remaining who will be crowned the victor.
2.38. Katniss Everdeen volunteers to … in the games.
2.39. Joined by her district's male tribute Peeta Mellark, Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under …. of former victor Haymitch Abernathy.

Установите соответствие между выделенным словом и его значением в данном контексте. Внимание! 1 слово-эквивалент является лишним.

2.40. We were still cleaning the house when the guests started to arrive.	A. rebuke B. calm down C. motionless D. as yet
2.41. The water appeared still from a distance.
2.42. Her quiet words still the animal.
2.43. A man should know where the golden mean is.	A. greedy B. balance C. average D. have in mind
2.44. He is mean about money.
2.45. What do you mean?

Подберите антоним к выделенным словам. Внимание! 1 антоним является лишним.

2.46. The houses on this side of the street all have odd numbers.	A. curious
2.47. I had a very odd dream about you last night.	B. regular C. ordinary D. even
2.48. I used to do a lot of sport, but now I just play the odd game of tennis.

Установите соответствие между пропуском слова в предложении и словом из предлагаемого списка.

2.49. She wore a … black dress.	A. plane
2.50. We’ll be boarding the …. in about 20 minutes.	B. plain

Ø Ключи к тесту № 2

1D	2A	3C	4D	5F	6G	7E	8A	9B	10B
11A	12B	13A	14B	15A	16B	17A	18B	19A	20C
21D	22A	23D	24C	25B	26D	27A	28C	29B	30D
31C	32C	33D	34A	35F	36D	37E	38C	39B	40D
41C	42B	43B	44A	45D	46D	47C	48B	49B	50A

ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНОГО ТУРА 2019/20 г.

Интегрированный конкурс понимания устной и письменной речи (Аудирование + Чтение)

o Прослушайте дважды аудиозапись [1] и выполните задания.

Аудиозапись № 1: Listen to the radio programme and do the following tasks.

1.1. What is the main topic of the text?

A. A rise in teenage mental health problems.

B. Addiction to social media and smartphones.

C. Safe technology for children.

1.2. Define the category of radio programmes that this recording best represents.

A. Science and Tech

B. Entertainment and Arts

C. Breaking news

1.3. Choose 5 out of 8 words and phrases that can be used as hashtags to search for this recording. Arrange your answers ALPHABETICALLY.

A. Truth about Tech

B. Generation gap

C. Effect on child development

D. Tech addiction

E. Teenage mental health problems

F. The sound of kids

G. Making devices less appealing

H. Vicious circle

Now you will hear the recording again and then read a passage on the same topic.For questions 1. 4 – 1. 7 choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

A. means that the idea is expressed both in the listening and the reading passage.

B. means that the idea is expressed in the reading passage only.

C. means that the idea is expressed in the listening passage only.

D. means that the idea is expressed neither in the listening nor in the reading passage.

 

The Center for Humane Technology, in partnership with nonprofit Common Sense, is launching a campaign called Truth about Tech to educate consumers about the best ways to use media within their families. According to studies about kids and technology, more than 95 per cent of elementary school-aged children spend at least 6 hours a day using a computer, smart phone or tablet. About 78 per cent of teens check their phones every hour, and more than half of them sleep with their phones in case they get a call or message during the night. Experts say that the apps and websites we use every day are deliberately designed to make us addicted and keep us chatting, playing or watching online as much as possible. Bright icons give our brains shiny rewards every time we unlock while setting your phone to grayscale removes those positive reinforcements. Spending too much time online, using phones or computers causes such physical problems as headaches, eyestrain, and trouble sleeping. It also affects how we feel as many people become anxious or depressed after using social media because they feel they aren’t having as much fun as their friends are. Students who spend a lot of time online may have a harder time paying attention in school and concentrating on their work. Children and teenagers are more likely to find it harder to make friends “in real life” because their social skills are still developing.

1.4. One of the Truth about Tech campaign’s goals is to get tech companies to make products that are less intrusive and less addictive.

1.5. Baby Boomers spend more time on smartphones than any other generation.

1.6. We are likely to see a rise in teenage mental health problems because of social media addiction.

1.7. Changing the colour settings on your phone may make you spend less time on it.

Аудиозапись № 2: Listen to the radio programme and do the following tasks.

1.8. What is the main topic of the text?

A. Plastic recycling

B. Living trash-free

C. Waste sorting

1.9. Define the category of radio programmes that this recording best represents.

A.  Entertainment and Arts

B.  Health and Well-being

C.  Society and Environment

1.10. Choose 5 out of 8 words and phrases that can be used as hashtags to search for this recording. Arrange your answers ALPHABETICALLY.

A. Vegan lifestyle

B. A mason jar of trash

C. Trash is for Tossers

D. Package free store

E. Oil and gas internship

F. Self-made products

G. Zero-waste blogger

H. Low environmental impact

Now you will hear the recording again and then read a passage on the same topic.For questions 1.11 – 1.14 choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

A. means that the idea is expressed both in the listening and the reading passage.

B. means that the idea is expressed in the reading passage only.

C. means that the idea is expressed in the listening passage only.

D. means that the idea is expressed neither in the listening nor in the reading passage.

The leaders of the zero-waste lifestyle movement are young millennial women like Lauren Singer, a 28-year-old NYU Environmental Studies graduate. Their yearly trash output can be small enough to fit inside a mason jar. These are not wannabe hippies, but people embracing a sleek, modern aesthetic minimalist lifestyle. These young women aim to reduce their landfill trash at a time in history when, on average, every person produces nearly four pounds of trash per day. It’s no coincidence that the popularity of zero-waste lifestyles happens to coincide with mounting evidence that plastic, in modern life, is nearly inescapable – simply washing our clothing, about 60 percent of which is made of synthetic plastic fibers – releases hundreds of thousands of fibers into the water supply. Waste on dry land isn’t any better: The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 23 percent of landfill waste comes from packaging and containers. But going zero-waste doesn’t just mean finding products with less packaging. While that’s definitely a goal, the products we use to clean ourselves are washed down the drain and wind up in our waterways and soils, greatly affecting our overall health and causing allergies. When you opt for the DIY route, you save money while creating products that are effective and safer to use than store-bought, chemical-filled ones. And it often takes just a few natural ingredients to create your own cleansers.

1.11. Lauren got the idea to become zero-waste when she was a postgraduate at NYU.

1.12. 4 pounds is the rough average daily waste per person in the USA.

1.13. Some leaders of zero-waste movement decided to change their lifestyle because they were allergic to plastic.

1.14. Making your own products is a cheaper alternative to buying the conventional ones.

 

Текст № 1

The lone child sitting in the room using a tablet computer is a situation that is becoming more and more common. (№1) Today’s youngsters use smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices more than ever before. (№2) The amount of time they spend on these gadgets is only likely to increase in the future. (№3)

We sometimes call children who grow up able to use mobile devices and technology easily digital natives. (№4) They understand the etiquette of the digital world – how to text, how to email, how to get wi-fi, how to download and stream television programs and movies. (№5) Some experts say that their brains might even develop differently because of their use of technology. (№6) Long periods of time spent chatting to friends online and playing video games may possibly change how their brains work. (№7)

Then there is the question of privacy. (№8) All we do online creates a digital footprint. (№9) Every time we share a photo or a post on social media, and every time we search for something on the Internet, information about our activity is stored somewhere. (№10) Today's children are creating a very large digital footprint – but will they be able to control who has access to this information in the future? (№11)

The inability to manage what happens to children's digital footprint – and their personal privacy – has big implications. (№12) It might become normal for companies to ask their employees for their social media credentials before they are offered employment. (№13) Meanwhile, the amount of control over the information that exists online about individuals is being challenged. (№14) We are also becoming more aware that companies and governments may be able to 'listen in' on our communications. (№15) Therefore, it is significant to teach children how their online activities are connected with their daily lives - and make them aware of the possible results of oversharing. (№16)

The future may bring laws to ensure our 'right to be forgotten' but in the meantime, we don’t know what these companies and governments are likely to do with children's information. (№17)

Раздел «П онимание содержания текста»

2.1. Choose an appropriate headline for this article:

A. CAN THE DIGITAL CHILDHOOD BE AVOIDED?

B. WILL THE DIGITAL WORLD BE SAFER IN THE FUTURE?

C. DO WE NEED TO RESCUE CHILDREN FROM THE DIGITAL WORLD?

2.2. Choose the section of a newspaper/magazine where you could find this article.

A. Business

B. Technology

C. Entertainment

2.3. Choose FIVE key words or expressions, which could be used as hashtags while searching for the article online. Arrange your answers ALPHABETICALLY.

A. Digital footprint	B. Gadgets
C. Media	D. Digital natives
E. Oversharing	F. Communications
G. Personal privacy	H. Video games

2.4. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Children will probably spend more time using technology in the future.

A. True      B. False    Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

2.5. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Children are able to limit the size of their digital footprint.

A. True      B. False       Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

Раздел «Грамматика и комментирование текста»

2.6. Answer the following question (state your own opinion in your own words, give reasons; be concise (1-2 sentences): “Will laws in place protect children who overshare information online?”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

Find equivalents from the text you have read to the words below:

2.7. On its own

2.8. Possible future effects

2.9. Kept

2.10. When you have a right or ability to use something

Find examples of some grammatical forms from the text you have read:

2.11. Present Continuous Passive

2.12. Demonstrative Pronoun

2.13. Possessive Adjective

2.14. Infinitive as an Attribute

Текст № 2

Generation Z is the first generation to grow up with the Internet as a regular part of their everyday routine. (№ 1) Since the youngest of them are in their teens, many have grown up in a world where social media has always been part of their lives, too. (№ 2)

Gen Z (somewhere between 13-24 years old) has never known a world that did not involve follows, likes, and their own original content. (№ 3) Connecting with others – friends, family, influencers, or brands – is as easy as a tweet, double tap, or status update. (№ 4) At nearly one-quarter of the U.S. population, their impact on everything from retail trends to political causes is huge. (№ 5)

So just why is social media such a big deal to them, and why do certain platforms get more of their attention? (№ 6)

According to a survey, 45% of teens now say they are online “almost constantly.” (№ 7) Additionally, 44% of teens say they go online “several times a day.” (№ 8) This means that 9 out of 10 teens are online multiple times a day. (№ 9) A recently released survey shows Gen Z spends more time on mobile devices and streams more content than any other generation. (№ 10)

The rise of mobile usage all over the world is helping fuel Gen Z’s online activities, like checking social media apps whenever there is time to kill. (№ 11)

Which social networks are Gen Z’s favourites? (№ 12) They are always the platforms driven by visual content like photos and videos. (№ 13) Gen Zers seem to create and consume visuals more than words-only status updates. (№ 14) Older platforms like Facebook are still relevant, but the newer social networks like Instagram and Snapchat appeal more to the younger set. (№ 15)

Brands and retailers who want to win should take a lesson from visually-driven platforms and optimise their social media presence. (№ 16) Gen Z also expects two-way communication with brands on social media, and those that can make it easy will win more of Gen Z. (№ 17)

Раздел «П онимание содержания текста»

2.15. Choose an appropriate headline for this article:

A. GEN Z’S FAVOURITE SOCIAL NETWORKS

B. GEN Z’S SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

C. GENERATION Z ONLINE

2.16. Choose the section of a newspaper/magazine where you could find this article.

A. Society

B. Entertainment

C. Education

2.17. Choose FIVE key words or expressions, which could be used as hashtags while searching for the article online. Arrange your answers ALPHABETICALLY.

A. Everyday routine	B. Social media
C. To go online	D. The rise of mobile usage
E. To fuel activities	F. Checking apps
G. To consume visuals	H. To make it easy

2.18. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Generation Z finds it hard to connect with others.

A. True      B. False    Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

2.19. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Generation Z is less attracted to older social media sites.

A. True      B. False    Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

Раздел «Грамматика и комментирование текста»

2.20. Answer the following question (state your own opinion in your own words, give reasons; be concise (1-2 sentences): “Is the problem of social media addiction relevant for your generation?”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Find equivalents from the text you have read to the words below:

2.21. A usual or fixed way of doing things

2.22. An effect, or an influence

2.23. Relating to things that you can see

2.24. To make something as good or effective as possible

Find examples of some grammatical forms from the text you have read:

2.25. Adjective in Superlative Degree

2.26. Modal Verb

2.27. Subjective Infinitive Construction

2.28. Infinitive as an Attribute

Текст № 3

It is complicated being Greta. (№1) Small, shy, survivor of depression, Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old Swedish girl skipping school to shame the world into addressing climate change, drew a parade of fans one Friday in February on a frozen square in Stockholm. (№2)

Like a modern-day Cassandra for the age of climate change, her solitary act of civil disobedience – this was the 25^th time that she skipped school to protest at Parliament – has turned her into something of a global commodity. (№3) It has inspired huge children’s demonstrations elsewhere, prompted a debate about whether children should skip classes for climate action, and invited haters and skeptics who wonder who profits from Greta. (№4) “All my life I’ve been invisible, the invisible girl in the black who doesn’t say anything,” she said. (№5) “From one day to another, people listen to me. (№6) That’s a weird contrast. (№7) It’s hard.” (№8)

Like many children she watched educational films about the melting Arctic and the fate of the polar bears and the marine mammals bloated with plastic. (№9) Unlike other children, she couldn’t let them go. (№10) “I became very affected. (№11) I began thinking about it all the time and I became very sad,” she said. (№12)

Adolescence brought social pressures. (№13) She wasn’t into the things that many other kids were into. (№14) Mobile phones. (№15) Clothes. (№16) None of it interested her, her father recalled. (№17) “I think she was very isolated and very lonely.” (№18) She remains tiny for her age, a consequence of barely eating during her struggle with depression. (№19). She doesn’t laugh much and prefers the company of adults and animals to children of her own age. (№20) Bulling and depression have taken a toll. (№21) “I am happier now. (№22) I have meaning. (№23) I have something I have to do.” (№24)

Word quickly spread. (№25) Soon came an invitation to the United Nations climate conference and another to the World Economic Forum, in Davos, Switzerland, where she told a roomful of business leaders that their financial success had “come with an unthinkable price tag” for the planet. (№26)

Раздел «П онимание содержания текста»

2.29. Choose an appropriate headline for this article:

A. BECOMING GRETA: THE GIRL SHAMES THE WORLD INTO ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

B. BECOMING GRETA: ‘INVISIBLE GIRL’ TO GLOBAL CLIMATE ACTIVIST, WITH BUMPS ALONG THE WAY

C. BECOMING GRETA: TEACHING CHILDREN SKIP SCHOOL AND LIVE HAPPILY

2.30. Choose the section of a newspaper/magazine where you could find this article.

A. Culture

B. Education

C. Society

2.31. Choose FIVE key words or expressions, which could be used as hashtags while searching for the article online. Arrange your answers ALPHABETICALLY.

A. Protest at Parliament	B. Parade of fans
C. Being Greta	D. Children’s demonstrations
E. Swedish girl skipping school	F. Company of adults and animals
G. Business leaders	H. United Nations climate conference

2.32. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Greta ate much during her struggle with depression.

A. True     B. False    Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

2.33. True or false? Choose the correct variant and enter the sentence(s) which confirm(s) your choice.

Greta did not miss classes when she “drew a parade of fans” in February in Stockholm.

A. True      B. False    Justification: sentence(s) №№ …

Раздел «Грамматика и комментирование текста»

2.34. Answer the following question (state your own opinion in your own words, give reasons; be concise (1-2 sentences)): “Do you support Greta Thunberg in her environmental and political activities?”

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Find equivalents from the text you have read to the words below:

2.35. A result of something

2.36. Nervous and embarrassed (in the company)

2.37. Very small

2.38. To have a wish or desire to know something

Find examples of some grammatical forms from the text you have read:

2.39. Verb in Past Perfect Tense

2.40. Adjective in Comparative degree

2.41. Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction

2.42. Possessive pronoun

Текст № 1

The UK is most definitely multicultural, and it has always been. For a start, it is (4.1) _____ up of four different nations. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are all different countries with different dialects, customs, music, and languages.

When the Romans, Vikings, and Normans (4.2) _____ the UK, they brought their cultures and languages with them and many English words have French, German, or Scandinavian (4.3) _____.

Furthermore, because of its proximity to Europe, the UK has a long (4.4) _____ of trade with other European nations and that inevitably has meant the free movement of people, including marriages.

The British royal family is very multicultural, and that’s even before Meghan Markle. So many of former Kings and Queens have come (4.5) _____ European royal families. For example, Henry VIII’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, was Spanish. Britain has even been (4.6) _____ by European monarchs. William I was Norman, and William III was Dutch.

The UK colonial past also explains the multiculturalism. During the British Empire, many Britons went to live and work in colonies around the world and many colonial subjects came to Britain. Even today, former territories and colonies have strong (4.7) _____ to Britain and people continue to migrate. A separate (4.8) _____ shows that over 300 languages are spoken in the UK.

However, this diversity is not evenly (4.9) _____ across the UK. Big cities like London, Manchester, and Birmingham are extremely multicultural, but smaller towns and villages are far less so. This is because immigrants have historically flocked to the larger cities in search of work.

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in nationalistic sentiment in the UK because some Britons believe that the UK should not be multicultural. But many more Britons believe that their history shows they have always been multicultural and that there are many economic and social (4.10) _____ of being a multicultural nation.

Текст № 2

London’s famous underground railway (4.11) _____ is known as the Tube. It’s absolutely huge and helps over 5 million people (4.12) _____ around the city each day.

If you are a person moving to London with a physical disability, you will be able to use the public transport, including the Tube but be aware you will need to plan your journey in (4.13) _____. All Transport for London staff have had disability equality training and should be able and willing to assist you. You can ask for help with tickets, travel information and (4.14) _____ the train.

The TfL Tube Map shows passengers which of the 78 stations have step-free access for wheelchair users. Stations are marked with a white wheelchair symbol that have platforms with a gap or step to the train. Those stations marked with a blue wheelchair symbol are step-free from street right onto the train.

This Step-free Tube guide shows the height and width of the steps and gaps at accessible stations. As well as the stations where there is no step-free access to street level, but passengers can (4.15) _____ between lines with no steps.

All trains have (4.16) _____ seating, clearly marked next to the doors. These are for disabled people, pregnant women, older people and those travelling with children. Customers are expected to vacate these seats if they see someone who (4.17) _____ a seat. If no one offers, feel free to ask.

If a lift is broken when you (4.18) _____ at a step-free station, ask a member of staff to help you re-plan your journey. If there is a single accessible bus journey to the next step-free station, or your (4.19) _____, then this is the route you will be advised to take. If there is not, London Underground is obliged to order you a taxi at their (4.20) _____.

Текст № 3

Students in England already learn about mathematics, science and history, but hundreds of schools are preparing to expand the traditional (4.21) _____ with a new subject: mindfulness.

In up to 370 English schools, students will start to practice mindfulness as part of a study to (4.22) _____ youth mental health. They will work with mental health experts to learn relaxation techniques, breathing exercises and other (4.23) _____ to help them regulate their emotions. The (4.24) _____ of the program is to study which approaches work best for young people in a world of rapid change. Children will start to be introduced gradually to (4.25) _____ around mental health, well-being and happiness right from the start of primary school.

The initiative comes months after a survey commissioned by the National Health Service found that one in eight children in England between the ages of 5 and 19 (4.26) _____ from at least one mental disorder at the time of their assessment in 2017. Disorders (4.27) _____ anxiety and depression were the most common, affecting one in 12 children and early adolescents in 2017.

Two Parliamentary committees have criticized the government reports on which the program is based, for focusing (4.28) _____ handling emotional problems rather than preventing them. The Government’s strategy lacks ambition and will (4.29) _____ no help to the majority of those children who desperately need it, while increasing the workload of teachers. Social media and the schools’ system of high-pressure exams can have particularly negative effects on the mental health of young people.

Dr. Jessica Deighton, an associate professor in child mental health and well-being at University College London, said that the new initiative was intended to offer (4.30) _____ than quick fixes and it included several tactics, including training teachers to hold role-playing exercises, teaching relaxation practices and inviting professionals for group discussions.

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1. The year 2020 was announced “The year of memory and glory” in Russia. What does historical memory mean for you and why is it important to preserve it? Justify your point of view.

2. Many people in Europe nowadays prefer a scooter or an electric scooter to other means of transport. However, some road users are annoyed with these vehicles. What is your opinion on the problem of using these popular means of transport on the roads? Justify your point of view.

3. At the 6^th World Folklore Festival (Folkloriada) in Ufa, the year 2020 was announced “The year of folk art in Russia”. Why is it necessary to preserve the traditions of folk art in the 21st century? Justify your point of view and give examples.

4. Cambridge Dictionary declared “Upcycling”, which means “reuse of materials (things) for the same purpose” and “remake of old materials (things) into something completely new”, as the 2019 Word of the year. Some other most popular words, which were also mentioned, were connected with ecology and climate. Do all these words show real concern about the environment, or are they fashionable, politically coloured? Justify your point of view and give examples.

 

Скрипт аудиозаписи № 1

Presenter: The sound of kids hanging out together. Or, at least, how it sounded a few years ago. Nowadays a group of, well, just about anyone – kids, teens, tweens, their parents – might sound a lot more like this... Most of us spend hours a day with our heads bent over our smartphones. Research suggests teenagers spend as many as nine hours a day, while pre-teens spend up to six.

Teen:     I don’t know, it’s, like, the first thing I do in the morning, check in and see who’s posted anything overnight. It’s my alarm clock so I kind of have to look at it and then, you know, it’s pretty hard not to scroll through.

Presenter: And it’s not just teenagers and millennials, Generation X and even the Baby Boomers are almost as bad.

Adult:    I’m online most of the day for work and you’d think I’d be sick of screens by the time I get home, but most of my news comes through Facebook and I’m really into food so I’ll hold my hands up to being one of those people who posts photos of their meals.

Presenter: But are we addicted to our phones and apps? And does it matter? Former Google and Facebook employees certainly think so. So, they’ve set up a non-profit organisation, the Center for Humane Technology, to reverse the digital attention crisis and promote safe technology for children.

Expert: Anyone who’s seen queues round the block for the latest iPhone has to wonder what these people are thinking. You’ve literally got people sleeping in the street to get the newest device, probably not even talking to anyone else in the queue because they’re on social media, taking selfies in the queue to post to Instagram. If that’s not addiction, it’s certainly obsession.

Presenter: A more formal definition of addiction describes it as a repeated involvement with an activity, despite the harm it causes. Someone with an addiction has cravings – that feeling that you haven’t checked your phone for two minutes and can’t relax until you get your hands on it again. They may have a lack of self-control and not realise their behaviour is causing problems – like texting while cycling or falling off a cliff taking a selfie. And, in case you’re wondering, I read about both of those via the news app on my phone, which updates every couple of minutes with the latest stories... definitely addicted. So, the ‘Truth about Tech’ campaign by Common Sense Media and the Center for Humane Technology couldn’t come fast enough for most of us. But it’s children who are probably most at risk because of the effect tech addiction might be having on their brain development. Professor Mary Michaels of the Atlanta Future Tech Institute has been working with very young children. Mary, thanks for dropping by. What is your research telling us?

Mary:     Well, we know that screen time is affecting key aspects of healthy child development, like sleep, healthy eating and what psychologists call ‘serve and return’ moments, which are when parents respond to babies seeking assurance and connection by making eye contact, smiling or talking. All perfectly normal things we do and which help lay the foundations of babies’ brains. It’s much harder to engage with a baby normally if you’re looking at your phone. Or, even worse, if parents give a crying child a phone to distract them instead of talking to them or hugging them, and that might lead to them failing to develop their ability to regulate their own emotions.

Presenter: And what about older children?

Mary:     Again, we know that teenagers who spend a lot of time on social media are 56 per cent more likely to report being unhappy and 27 per cent more likely to suffer depression. Teenagers are especially vulnerable because they’re more sensitive to highs and lows anyway, so we’re looking at, potentially, higher instances of suicide, schizophrenia, anxiety and addiction in teens which is exacerbated by dependence on technology.

Presenter: It sounds like a vicious circle. They’re more likely to get addicted to smartphones and social media and that addiction itself makes them candidates for other addictions.

Mary:     Yes, that’s right.

Presenter: Time to stage an intervention! Is there anything we can do to make tech less addictive?

Mary:     Setting devices to greyscale, which is basically black and white, might make them less appealing. And you can turn off the notifications that are constantly pulling you back in to check your phone.

Скрипт аудиозаписи № 2

Interviewer: Today we are talking about trash. The average American household produces about 1600 pounds of garbage per year. That's about 726 kilos; 29 pounds per week per person. That's about the size of an average two-year-old. A two-year-old worth the trash per person per week. It’s totally mind-boggling. But today’s guest is an exception. I'm thrilled to welcome Lauren Singer who is living a trash-free life in New York City. Well, almost trash-free. She can fit all the trash she’s made in the last four years into a mason jar. Lauren’s the founder of ‘Trash is for Tossers’, a blog dedicated to showing that leading a zero-waste lifestyle is simple. And she is also the CEO of the The Simply Co., making organic cleaning products that are safe for your home, your body, and the environment. Lauren, welcome!

Lauren:    Thanks so much for having me on!

Interviewer: I’m thrilled! So, can you tell me this mason jar life adventure, when and how did it start?

Lauren:    Everything kind of started for me when I was in college. I went to NYU and I studied Environmental Science. In my senior year when I was finishing up my studies, I was in the Environmental Studies Capstone course, which is the last course that you have to take as an Environmental Studies major. There was a girl in this class that every day would bring this big plastic bag full of her dinner, so, it’d have a clamshell made of plastic, full of food, it would have a plastic fork and knife, a plastic drink, and then a bag of chips, obviously packaged in plastic. And she would eat everything and just throw it away. And I thought that it was really weird that someone studying Environmental Science, someone that had pursued that topic of studies for the past four years was being so wasteful. And I would kind of get mad at her and stare at her, and think mean things about her, but I never really did anything. And then one day after class I went home to make dinner and I opened up my refrigerator and I saw for the first time that every single thing in there was packaged in plastic with zero exception: everything from my eggs to, you know, my milk, to my lettuce that I was buying pre-washed and packaged. Everything was packaged in plastic. And I started looking around my apartment and I noticed that all of my beauty products were packaged in plastic, all of my cleaning products were packaged in plastic, and most of my clothing was actually made of synthetic fabric, so made of plastic. And I had this moment when I was like “Oh my gosh! I’ve been so hypocritical from judging this girl when I am just as bad if not worse. And on top of that I’ve been protesting oil and gas industry for two years and I am actively consuming one of their biggest products on a multi-time daily basis”. So, there was such a disconnect, so I made a decision to stop using plastic. And from there I realized that I couldn’t just buy my way out of using plastic, I couldn’t go to a pharmacy and buy plastic-free products. It’s a function of our society; everything is packaged in plastic. So, I had to make a lot of my own products, and that’s kind of how I found out about the zero-waste lifestyle through learning how to make products myself. And what I learned about a zero-waste lifestyle, it was the most empowering thing I’ve ever learnt in my life because I thought lessening my environmental impact meant not using plastic, but realizing that I didn’t have to make any trash at all. To me there was no better way that I could find to align my day-to-day life with my values for environmental sustainability.

Interviewer: I can think already, if I had tried to go zero-waste all the obstacles I’d have, starting with getting out of bed, so toothpaste. You can’t find a zero-waste toothpaste but you found a solution.