We use the Gerund after prepositions. 


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We use the Gerund after prepositions.



adjective + preposition

We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
afraid of They are afraid of losing the match.
angry about/at Pat is angry about walking in the rain.
bad at good at John is good at working in the garden.
clever at He is clever at skateboarding.
crazy about The girl is crazy about playingtennis.
disappointed about/at He is disappointed about seeing such a bad report.
excited about We are excited about making our own film.
famous for Sandy is famous for singing songs.
fed up with I'm fed up with beingtreated as a child.
fond of Hannah is fond of going to parties.
glad about She is glad about getting married again.
happy about/at The children are not happy about seeing a doctor.
interested in Are you interested in writing poems?
keen on Joe is keen on drawing.
proud of She is proud of riding a snowboard.
sick of We're sick of sitting around like this.
sorry about/for He's sorry for eating in the lesson.
tired of I'm tired of waiting for you.
used to She is used to smoking.
worried about I'm worried about making mistakes.

noun + preposition

We use the Gerund after the following nouns:
advantage of What is the advantage of farmingover hunting?
chance of There's a chance of catching a cold these days.
choice between There's a choice between flyingto London Heathrow or Stansted.
danger of Peggy is in danger of making a mistake.
difficulty in He has difficulty in sending SMS.
doubt about He is in doubt about buying the correct software for his computer system.
hope of There's little hope of catching Schumacher's Ferrari.
idea of I like the idea of setting up a new email account.
interest in There's no interest in writing letters.
method of This is a simple method of finding solutions.
opportunity of There's some opportunity of bringing her parents together again.
possibility of These new wheels offer the possibility of ridingtubeless.
problem of He has the problem of swimming too slow.
reason for There's a real reason for winning the contest.
risk of There's a risk of digging too deep.
trouble for He was in trouble for stealing.
way of This is a new way of building a wall.

verb + preposition

Exception: to
Here we use the phrase:
looking forward to + Gerund

Example:
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.

We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
accuse of They were accused of breaking into a shop.
agree with I agree with playing darts.
apologize for They apologize for being late.
believe in She doesn't believe in getting lost in the wood.
blame for The reporter is blamed for writing bad stories.
complain about She complains about bullying.
concentrate on Do you concentrate on reading or writing?
congratulate sb. on I wanted to congratulate you on making such a good speech.
cope with He is not sure how to cope with getting older.
decide against They decided against stealing the car.
depend on Success may depend on becoming more patient.
dream about/of Sue dreams of being a pop star.
feel like They feel like going to bed.
get used to You must get used to working long hours.
insist on The girls insisted on going out with Mark.
look forward to I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.
prevent sb. from sth. How can I prevent Kate from working in this shop?
rely on sth. He doesn't rely on winningin the casino.
succeed in How then can I succeed in learning chemistry?
specialize in The firm specialized in designing websites.
stop sb. from I stopped Andrew from smoking.
talk about/of They often talk about travelling to New Zealand.
think of Frank thinks of playing chess.
warn sb. against We warned them against usingthis computer.
worry about The patient worries about having the check-up.
We use the Gerund after the following verbs:
admit He admitted having driven too fast.
avoid They avoid going on holiday on Saturdays.
carry on If we carry on sleeping so badly, we may need help.
consider Ralph is considering buying a new house.
delay I delayed telling Max the news.
deny She denies reading the book.
dislike Wedislike readingpoems.
can't help He couldn't help falling in love with her.
enjoy I enjoy playingchess.
finish They finished working in the garden.
give up Susan gives up playing ice-hockey.
imagine He imagined driving a new car.
include Your responsibility includes taking reservations on the phone.
involve The project will involve growing plants.
justify I cannot justify paying $100 for this ticket.
keep (on) They keep on running.
mention Did Alex ever mention playing baseball?
mind I don't mind sleeping on the couch.
miss They miss playing with their friends.
practise Shepractised playing hockey.
regret* Do you regret havingmentioned it?
risk You risk catching a cold.
suggest She suggested flying to Cairo.

* After regret the to-infinitive is used when announcing bad news:
We regret to inform you that the flight to Munich has been cancelled.

We use the Gerund after the following phrases:
to be busy He is busy readingthe paper.
couldn't help She couldn't help eating another apple.
don't mind I don't mind telling them my opinion.
feel like We feel like having a cup of tea.
how about How about walking home instead of taking the car?
it's (no) good It's no good talking to this girl.
it's no use It's no use talking to the headmaster.
spend one's time They spend their time reading.
there's no There's no cheating anymore.
there's no point There's no point in complaining further.
what about What about going to the zoo?
worth The book is worth reading.
We use the Gerund after the following prepositions:
after After having a shower, I waited for Steven.
before The tablet must not be taken before getting up in the morning.
by I manage it by working much longer than 40-hour weeks.
in spite of In spite of studying a lot he didn't pass the exams.
on She insisted on calling her sister.
without He told the joke without laughing.

The Infinitive

To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp —all of these are infinitives. An infinitive will almost always begin with to followed by the simple form of the verb, like this:

to + verb = infinitive

Important Note: Because an infinitive is not a verb, you can not add s, es, ed, or ing to the end. Ever!

  Active Passive
Simple to ask to be asking
Continuous to be asking -
Perfect to have asked to have been asking
Perfect Continuous to have been asking -

Gerund and Infinitive (no difference in meaning)

 

We use the Gerund or the Infinitive after the following verbs:
begin He began talking. He began to talk.
continue They continue smoking. They continue to smoke.
hate Do you hate working on Saturdays? Do you hate to work on Saturdays?
like I like swimming. I like to swim.
love She loves painting. She loves to paint.
prefer Pat prefers walking home. Pat prefers to walk home.
start They start singing. They start to sing.

 

We use the Gerund or the Infinitive after the following verbs. There are two possible structures after these verbs. Gerund: verb + -ing Infinitive: verb + person + to-infinitive
advise They advise walking to town. They advise us to walk to town.
allow They do not allow smoking here. They do not allow us to smoke here.
encourage They encourage doing the test. They encourage us to do the test.
permit They do not permit smoking here. They do not permit us to smoke here.

We use the following structures with the word recommend:

recommend They recommend walkingto town. They recommend that we walk to town.

Gerund and Infinitive - difference in meaning

Some verbs have different meaning. (when used with Gerund or Infinitive)

  GERUND INFINITIVE
forget He'll never forget spendingso much money on his first computer. Don't forget to spend money on the tickets.
go on Go on reading the text. Go on to read the text.
mean You have forgotten your homework again. That means phoning your mother. I meant to phone your mother, but my mobile didn't work.
remember I remember switching offthe lights when I went on holiday. Remember to switch offthe lights when you go on holiday.
stop Stop reading the text. Stop to read the text.
try Why don't you try running after the dog? Itried to run after the dog, but I was too slow.

II PRACTICE

Articles

1. Insert a, an, the or --

1. My mother is...... doctor.

2. My pretty...... doll.

3. Do you have...... ball?

4. We buy books in...... shop.

5....... children play basketball.

6. I see...... big red car.

7. My daughter goes to...... school.

8. I have...... apple.

9. What is...... North Pole?

10. I was to...... British Museum.

Choose the right variant.

1. Bring..... from the kitchen.

a) milk b) a milk c)the milk

2. The acting was poor, but we enjoyed......

a) music b) a music c) the music

3. Are you studying foreign languages at school, like.....?

a) French b) a French c) the French

4. My friend likes to eat......

a) fish b) a fish c) the fish

5. It is evident that..... want peace.

a) people b) a people c) the people

6...... is the main modern art museum in London.

a) Tate Gallery b) A Tate Gallery c) The Tate Gallery

7. It is important sometimes to stop and look around you at all the wonderful things....

a) nature b) in nature c) in the nature

8. Great Britain consists of..... parts.

a) three b) a three c) the three

9. Could you close....., please?

a) door b) a door c) the door

10. Can anyone give me..... please because I have just fallen over?

a) hand b) a hand c) the hand

Choose the right variant.

1. There is______sand in my shoes.

a) — c) the

b) a d) an

2. The news was______very depressing.

a) a c) —

b) the d) an

3.______man and______woman were sitting opposite me.

a) a, the с) а, а

b)the, a d) -, -

4. Paris is______capital of France.

a) the c) an

b)a d) -

5. Chinese eat______rice every day.

a) the с) а

b) - d) an

6. There were______very few people in the shops today.

a) an c) —

b) a d) the

7. What is______longest river in______world?

a) a, a c) the, a

b) the, the d) a, the

8. Did you hear______noise just now?

a) the с) а

b) - d) an

9. What did you have for______breakfast?

a) - с) а

b) the d) an

10. Have you got these shoes in______size 43?

a) the c) an

b) a d) -

11. Ken's brother is in______prison now for robbery.

a) the с) а

b) - d) an

12. Bob is_______seaman. He spends most of his time at

______sea.

a) a, — c) an, the

b) the, - d) a, the

13.______giraffe is______tallest of all animals.

a) the, the c) a, the

b) a, a d) -, -

14. We had______very nice lunch.

a) - c) the

b)a d) an

15. We visited _____ Canada and______United States.

a) a, a c) the, the

b) -, - d) -, the

16. Jill has gone to______hospital to visit Jack.

a) the c) -

b) a d) an

17. We took______ children to the Zoo.

a) - c) an

b) a d) the

18. It can be dangerous to swim in_______sea.

a) - с) а

b) the d) an

19. Have you ever been to______British Museum?

a) a c) the

b) - d) an



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