I. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции герундия в предложении.

1. Before going to bed I usually take a walk.

2. I avoid crossing the street under the red lights.

3. Skating is very popular in our country.

4. The new method of preparing salt was developed.

5. Changing the conditions was necessary for this experiment.

6. She is afraid of being asked about it.

7. I remember having shown this article.

8. The mother regretted having been told the truth.

II. Укажите номера предложений, в которых слово reading переводится как «чтение» и developing как «разработка».

1. What are you reading?

2. While reading the article, he looked up several words in the dictionary.

3. When I came home, he had been reading for an hour.

4. Reading aloud improves your pronunciation.

5. Developing this device was impossible without computers.

6. Developing this device, engineers have used computers.

7. Specialists developing a new device have to test it at the plant.

8. They have been developing this method for two years.

III. Закончите предложения, используя герундий.

Пример:

0. We all kissed mother (перед тем как пойти спать). - We all kissed mother before going to bed.

1. There are a lot of ways of (сделать это).

2. What do you think of (обсудить этот вопрос)?

3. Do you have the opportunity of (присутствовать на конференции)?

4. This film is worth (посмотреть).

5. It is no use (описывать) this object.

6. She translated the text (без использования) a dictionary.

7. (Пение) is popular at present.

8. All metals expand on (нагревание).

IV. Выберите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутой части предложения.

1. I don’t like being asked such questions.

a) задавать;

b) когда мне задают;

c) когда мне задавали.

2. His demonstrating this phenomenon made his name well-known at that time.

a) то, что он продемонстрировал;

b) демонстрирование;

c) демонстрирующий.

3.Conductivity means the ability to carry a current.

a) проводящий;

b) проводить;

с) то, что проводит.

4. After having finished their experimental work they could write the report.

a) оканчивая;

b) то, что они окончили;

с) окончив.

5. Computers finding wide application shows their great significance for automation of production processes.

a) Компьютеры, находящие;

b) то, что компьютеры находят;

c) так как компьютеры находят.

6. Measuring resistance is necessary in many experiments.

a) измерение;

b) измерив;

c) то, что измерили.

7. Her aim is mastering English in the shortest time possible.

a) так как она овладела;

b) овладеть;

c) то, что она овладела.

8. We know of many experiments having been carried out in this field.

a) много новых экспериментов было проведено;

b) много новых экспериментов проводится;

c) много новых экспериментов проведут.

V. Укажите, являются ли слова с –ing:

A) формами причастия

B) формами герундия

Пример:

0. The designers are making changes in the construction of machines. – Ответ: 0)А.

1. You can get better results by repeating the analysis.

2. After graduation from the Pedagogical Institute D.I. Mendeleyev started teaching at St. Petersburg University.

3. Everybody knows that smoking is a destructive habit.

4. The giant molecules can be composed of a large number of repeating units.

5. Besides lectures D.I. Mendeleyev was working at a new book.

6. The energy produced by splitting the nucleus of an atom is called “nuclear” or “atomic” energy.

7. Any thinking person must protect the planet.

8. Heating will not change the properties of the substance.

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ALUMINIUM

Aluminium is the most common metal on Earth. It occurs naturally in many different kinds of rocks. But most of the aluminium we use is extracted from an ore called bauxite, which is formed over, long periods by the weathering of rocks containing aluminium silicates (aluminium, silicon and oxygen).

In 1886 two chemists independently discovered how to extract aluminium using electricity. Their discovery reduced the price of aluminium to a fraction of the price of silver in four years. The two chemists were Charles Martin Hall (1863 - 1914), a student at Oberlin College in the USA, and P.L.T. Heroult (1863 - 1914), a young chemist working in France. By coincidence, they were not only the same age when they made their discovery, but also died within eight months of each other.

Before this, the metal was much more expensive than silver and gold. The Emperor of France, Napoleon III, for example, used aluminium plates to impress the most important guests. Today we use aluminium foil to wrap food because it is so cheap.

Aluminium is also durable, light and a good conductor of electricity. It is used to protect metals against corroding because when the surface of aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air, a thick coating of aluminium oxide forms that seals a metal from the air. It isalso used to make parts for planes, cars, and lorries, to make electric cables.