The world tourism organization

Tourism is global nowadays. Tourist boom started in the 1960s.

In 1963 the United Nations conference on international travel and tourism took place in Rome.

The General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 1967 as the Year of International Tourism.

In 1975 the United Nations established the World Tourism Or­ganization (WTO). It emerged on the basis of the International Union of Official Tourist Organizations. The World Tourism Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations.

In 2005 the WTO General Assembly adopted the initials UNWTO in English and ЮНВТО in Russian. Before that there used to be a mix-up over WTO as the World Tourism Organization and WTO as the World Trade Organization.

UNWTO is the international intergovernmental organization. Ac­tually, it is a worldwide group of government travel organizations. It deals with promoting tourism throughout the world. It assists coun­tries in the development of national tourism.

The supreme body of UNWTO is the General Assembly. It holds its sessions every two years. The General Assembly elects the Gen­eral Secretary for the period of four years.

The World Tourism Organization cooperates with many United Nations agencies as well as government and non-government organi­zations.

Comprehension questions

1. When did tourist boom start?

2. When and where did the United Nations conference on interna­tional travel and tourism take place?

3. What was the year 1967 noted for?

4. When did the United Nations establish the World Tourism Or­ganization?

5. Why did the WTO General Assembly adopt new initials of the organization in 2005?

6. What kind of organization is UNWTO?

7. What does UNWTO deal with?

8. What is the General Assembly of UNWTO?

9. What kind of organizations does UNWTO cooperate with?

THE OUTSET OF TOURISM IN RUSSIA

In the 18th century (1777) the first organized group of young men from noble families of Russia made the first trip abroad. They toured around Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France. The purpose of the tour was to get familiar with local universities and art galleries.

In the same 18th century the first guide books for leisure travel­lers on Moscow and St. Petersburg were published. Those manuals gave details of sights and art collections in the old and the new capi­tals of Russia.

Thomas Cook Company was very well-known in Russia. But the country's first national travel agency emerged in St. Petersburg in 1885. It was founded by L. Lipson. The travel agency got the name of the «Enterprise for Public Travel to All Parts of the World».

In 1901 the Russian Tourist Society came into being. However, only well-off noble people were its members.

After the October Revolution tourism in Russia involved common people, too. In 1929 the Society of Proletarian Tourism was created.

As a matter of fact, our reputable «Intourist» Joint-Stock Com- f) /| Q pany, which used to deal with international tourism during the Soviet period, was organized as long ago as in 1929, too.

Comprehension questions

1. When did the first organized group in Russia make the first trip abroad?

2. What kind of group was it?

3. Where did they travel?

4. What was the purpose of their tour?

5. What sort of guide books were published in the 18th century?

6. When did the first national travel agency of Russia emerge? What was its name?

7. When did tourism in Russia start involving common people too?

8. How old is the «Intourist» Joint-Stock Company?

VOCABULARY DRILL

I. Match up:

1) art	a) waterways
2) spare	b) resort
3) inland	c) covering
4) weather	d) holidays
5) jet	e) time
6) health	f) gallery
7) paid	g) conditions
8) hard	h) plane

II. Cross out one odd term in each line:

 

1) pilgrim, nomad, explorer, adventurer, desert, trader, merchant;

2) motor-car, raft, boat, canoe, steamship, mode, kayak;

3) meals, means, arts, overseas, races, waterways, sports, sales;

4) leisure centre, resort, spa, travel destination, health resort, society, holiday centre;

5) outset, to elect, to tour, to expand, to appear, to emerge.

III. Group the following terms according to the titles in the table (3 terms in each group):

Pilgrim, inn, races, jet, adventurer, health resort, raft, caravansary, recreation, nomad, tavern, steamship.

 

MEANS OF TRAVELLING	LODGING	TRAVELLERS	HOLIDAY-MAKING

 

IV. Match the terms with the-definitions:

 

1) a raft	a) a person who travels to an important religious place
2) a caravansary	b) a place where mineral water comes out of the ground and where people go to drink the water or to bathe in it
3) a nomad	c) a place that provides accommodation, food and drinks for travellers
4) a spa	d) a large passenger boat powered by steam
5) a merchant	e) a large oriental inn with a court in the middle
6) a pilgrim	f) a flat boat made of pieces of wood or logs tied together
7) a steamship	g) a person who has no permanent place of residence and roams from place to place
8) an inn	h) a person who travels buying and selling goods

 

10. Pick out the right definition:

1) an in	a) a place serving alcoholic drinks b) the name of hotels which are members of a chain c) the name of all cheap hotels d) a place serving drinks and offering accommodation for travellers
2) a mode	a) a method b) a model c) a type d) a fashion
3) a raft	a) a small boat b) a ferry c) a flat boat d) an old steamer
4) a desert	a) a sweet dish at the end of a meal b) a vast dry area c) an old-style hotel d) a popular place for holiday-making
5) an outset	a) an outlet b) an exit c) a beginning d) an end
6) an overseas trip	a) a tour abroad b) a boating tour c) a cruising tour d) a round-the-world tour
7) a resort	a) a place of residence b) a hotel at the seaside c) a pleasant occupation for spare time d) a popular place for recreation and treatment
8) a spa	a) a sleeping place b) a place for recreation c) a water resort d) a resort on mineral waters
9) well-off	a) well-done b) well-to-do c) well d) not welcome
10) an enterprise	a) any private or public business company b) a public business company c) a private business company d) a joint-stock company

VI. Fill in the blanks:

explorers		camels airplanes
jet planes		mode spas
treatment		the rich resorts
steamships		races development
inland waterways	railway overseas trip

1. UNWTO assists countries in the __________ of their national tourism.

2. The only means of travelling in the early 19th century were trains and __________.

3. Thomas Cook arranged the first trip by ___________ in 1841.

4. When the first ____________ appeared, they changed travel crucially.

5. When ___________ emerged, they made air travel available to most people.

6. In the first half of the 19th century steamships carried passengers within ________.

7. Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus-and James Cook were world-famous ________.

8. Thomas Cook arranged the first _________ in 1855 to Paris.

9. Well-to-do Europeans used to go to health resorts and ___________ of Germany for recreation and ___________.

10. The first travellers used simple boats on the water and …….. in the desert.

11. During the first group tour Thomas Cook provided his tourists with meals on the train and tickets for the ___________.

12. The 19th century tourism was first and foremost for ___________.

13. Well-to-do tourists used to travel to the __________ in the mountains of Austria and Switzerland.

14. Air travel is the fastest ___________ of travelling.

 

VII. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Когда начался туристский бум? – Я думаю, он начался приблизительно 30-40 лет назад.

2. Вчера я прочитал статью о Всемирной туристской организации в журнале. – Когда эта организации возникла? – Если не ошибаюсь, это событие произошло в 1975 году.

3. Где проводили время обеспеченные туристы в XIX веке? Они вообще ездили за рубеж? – Конечно, ездили. Они отправлялись в поездки во Францию, Германию, Швейцарию и Австрию. – Что они там делали? – Они проводили время на оздоровительных курортах и курортах на минеральных водах. Они ездили туда на отдых и лечение.

4. Томас Кук стал известен в Англии в середине XIX века. – Чем он стал известен? Что он сделал? – Он организовал первую туристскую поездку по железной дороге. Он основал первое в мире турагентство.

5. В начале XIX века туристы пользовались водным и железнодорожным транспортом. – А какими видами транспорта пользовались первые путешественники? – Это были простые лодки и паромы на воде и верблюды в пустыне.

6. Что явилось началом организованного международного туризма в России? – Это было во второй половине XVIII века, когда первая организованная группа молодых людей из титулованных семей совершила турне по Европе. – Что было целью их поездки? – Они познакомились с художественными галереями, университетами и предприятиями Германии, Италии, Франции и Швейцарии. – В каком году это было? – Это было в 1777 году.

7. Когда был опубликован первый путеводитель по Москве? – Он появился 19 октября 1792 года.

 

UNIT 5

TYPES OF TOURISM

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

amusement park	парк развлечений
animation programme	анимационная программа
answering service	служба секретарей на телефоне
to attend	посещать, присутствовать на
benefit	польза, благо, привилегия
boating	путешествие на лодке
bonus	премия
communications	средства связи
convention	конгресс
convention tourism	конгрессный туризм
cruising	круизные путешествия
data	данные
to define	характеризовать, давать определение
difficulty	трудность
diving	ныряние
downhill skiing	горнолыжный туризм
equipment	оборудование, оснащение, инвентарь, снаряжение
to exceed	превышать, перевыполнять
facilities	база, удобства, возможности
familiarization (FAM) tourism	ознакомительный туризм
FAM trip	ознакомительный тур, рекламный тур
fitting-centre	тренажёрный зал
holiday camp	лагерь отдыха
holiday-maker	отдыхающий, отпускник
to improve	улучшать, совершенствовать
incentive	стимул
incentive tourism	поощрительный туризм
itinerary	спланированный маршрут
to keep physically fit	поддерживать физическую форму
leisure tourism	досуговый туризм
mission	миссия, делегация
motoring	автотуризм, путешествия на автомобиле
mountain tourism	горный туризм
mountaineering	альпинизм
negotiations	переговоры
overnight	в ночное время
pleasure tourism	каникулярный туризм, туризм с целью отдыха
post-convention tour	послеконгрессный тур
pre-convention tour	предконгрессный тур
preparation	подготовка
provision	предоставление, обеспечение
quota	норма
rafting	сплав по рекам на плотах или резиновых лодках
to require	требовать
responsibility	ответственность
to retire	выходить на пенсию
reward	вознаграждение
route	маршрут
sand	песок
secretarial services	услуги секретаря
to set a target	ставить задачу, цель
sporting tour	спортивный тур
to spread out	распространяться, расширяться
to stay	останавливаться, проживать
to sunbathe	загорать, принимать солнечные ванны
swimming-pool	бассейн
target	задача, цель
theme park	тематический парк
tour member	участник тура
trade	торговля, торговый
trade fair	торговая ярмарка
training	профессиональная подготовка, тренировка, обучение
travel expenses	дорожные расходы
water tourism	водный туризм

Read the texts and answer the questions:

 

LEISURE TOURISM

 

Leisure tourism is also called pleasure tourism or holiday tourism. It is a type of tourism when a person goes on holiday and does not travel on business. Thus, the purpose of tourism in this case is recrea­tion.

Leisure travellers look for sun, sea and sand. They want to go sunbathing, swimming and diving. So this kind of travellers go to sea resorts or holiday camps and stay at resort hotels.

Leisure travellers enjoy organized entertainment and sport. In a resort hotel there are always swimming-pools, fitting-centres, ten­nis courts, discos. A resort hotel offers its customers contests, con­certs, shows, animation programmes for children. Usually it offers tours and visits to different tourist attractions: local sights, amuse­ment or theme parks.

Holiday-makers normally travel with their families and children.

There are other ways to travel for pleasure: cruising and coaching, motoring and hiking.

More and more working people will have longer paid holidays and long weekends in future. More and more people will retire at an earlier age. It means that more and more people will travel for leisure in future.

Comprehension questions

1. How is leisure tourism called?

2. What type of travel is leisure tourism?

3. What do leisure travellers look for?

4. Where do leisure travellers go on holiday?

5. What do leisure travelers enjoy?

6. What does a resort hotel offer?

7. What are other ways to travel for pleasure?

8. Why will more and more people travel for pleasure in future?

 

SPORTS TOURISM

 

Sports tourism is a type of active holiday. The purpose of a sport­ing tour is to exercise and to keep physically fit. At the same time travellers enjoy natural surroundings, fresh air and clean water.

Travellers combine action and relaxation during a sporting holiday.

Tourist companies offer hiking, cycling, boating, rafting and other kinds of sporting tours.

Very often sporting tours require preparation and special training. First the tour instructors will plan the itinerary. Then they will train tourists how to use the sporting equipment. They will explain all the details of the route. They will define means of transportation, provi­sion of meals and overnight accommodation.

During some tours travellers carry their luggage and sporting equipment themselves. During some other tours special carriers transfer the luggage for them. It depends on the difficulty of the tour, the tourist destination and local practice.

Within sports tourism there is water tourism, mountain tourism, mountaineering, downhill skiing, horse riding and many more types.

Sports tourism is popular with travellers all year round.

Comprehension questions

1. What type of holiday is sports tourism?

2. What is the purpose of a sporting tour?

3. What do travellers enjoy during a sporting tour?

4. What kind of sporting tours do tourist companies offer?

5. How will instructors prepare travellers for sporting tours?

6. What will instructors plan before the tour?

7. Who carries the tourists' luggage during a sporting tour? What does it depend on?

8. What types of tourism are there within sports tourism?

BUSINESS TOURISM

 

Business tourism is a travel for business purposes. Business travellers are businessmen and government officials. They travel on different missions. They often travel to attend a convention. Convention tourism is a part of business tourism. It involves taking part in a conference or a seminar.

Business travellers often travel to attend an international exhibi­tion or a trade fair.

There are tourist companies that provide business services. Those are fax, telex and telephone communications, secretarial services, answering service, business meeting arrangements. There are busi­ness facilities for business travellers at hotels, airports, on airplanes, ships and trains.

Business travel will develop faster than other types of tourism in future. There will be more business tourists and more tourist com­panies which will deal with business tourism. They will provide more services in future. They will collect information on markets and trade partners, provide economic data on monitors, arrange negotia­tions, offer pre-convention and post-convention tours.

Comprehension questions

1. What kind of travel is business tourism?

2. What kind of tourists are business travellers?

3. What do business tourists travel for?

4. What does convention tourism involve?

5. What business services do tourist companies provide?

6. Where are business facilities?

7. What kind of other business services will tourist companies provide in future?

8. What sort of tours will tourist companies offer to business trav­ellers?

INCENTIVE TOURISM

 

Incentive tourism means that a business company offers holiday tours to its employees and covers all travel expenses.

On the one hand, the company does it as a reward or a bonus to a person for his successful work.

On the other hand, the company does it as an incentive for the fu­ture. The company hopes that the employee will work even better in future and bring profit to the company.

Very often an employer sets a target for an employee: «You will earn a holiday in France for your family if you exceed your quota by 10 per cent next year».

Incentive tourism emerged in the 1960s in the USA. Later on it spread in Europe. But only large progressive corporations offer in­centive tours to their employees.

In some countries there are specialist tourist companies which ar­range incentive tours for business corporations. They take great re­sponsibility because incentive tours go under the name of the busi­ness corporation. It means that good travel arrangements will improve its reputation. Bad travel arrangements will shake its reputation.

This type of tourism is still a very small part of international tour­ism. Most probably this type of tourism won't grow in future.

Comprehension questions

1. What does incentive tourism mean?

2. Why does a business company offer incentive tours to its em­ployees?

3. What sort of target does an employer set for the employee?

4. When and where did incentive tourism emerge?

5. What kind of companies offer incentive tours?

6. Why do tourist companies take great responsibility when they arrange incentive tours for business corporations?

7. How popular is this type of tourism?

FAMILIARIZATION TOURISM

 

Familiarization tourism is often called just FAM tourism. It means that a business company sends its staff on educational tours to its branches or other business companies in other cities and countries.

If a travel company sends its travel clerks on FAM tours, it means that they will have educational visits to a tourist destination. There they will get familiar with local facilities, hotels, restaurants, and attractions. Normally a tour operator arranges FAM trips for the travel clerks from the travel agencies, selling its tourist products. Most often a tour operator arranges such trips to new travel destina­tions. The FAM tour members will also study the tour operator's or the local travel agency's practice.

The main purpose of travel clerks on a FAM tour is to get neces­sary knowledge from personal experience. When the travel clerks return home, they will know what to offer and what to explain to their customers about the destination.

Some experts say that FAM tourism is a part of incentive tourism. On the one hand, such a tour is an incentive to the travel agency staff

selling holidays. On the other, it is a benefit to the tour operator which arranges them.

FAM tourism is very popular and will become even more popular in future.

Comprehension questions

1. What does familiarization tourism mean?

2. What do travel companies send travel clerks on FAM tours for?

3. What do travel clerks get familiar with during FAM tours?

4. What is the main purpose of travel clerks on a FAM tour?

5. What will the travel clerks know when they return home?

6. Why do some experts say that FAM tourism is a part of incen­tive tourism?

Additional vocabulary

adventure tourism	приключенческий туризм
bird-watching	наблюдение за птицами в естественных условиях
business tourism	деловой туризм
cruise tourism	круизный туризм
cultural tourism	культурно-познавательный туризм, культурный туризм
cycling	велосипедный отдых, велосипедный туризм
domestic tourism	внутренний туризм
ecological tourism	экологический туризм
educational tourism	образовательный туризм
fourth-age tourism	туризм для лиц четвёртого возраста (для людей с ограниченными возможностями)
gambling	азартные игры, игорный бизнес
hiking	пеший туризм
holiday tourism	каникулярный туризм
horse riding	верховая езда
incoming tourism, inbound tourism	въездной туризм
international tourism	международный туризм
motor racing	автогонки
outgoing tourism, outbound tourism	выездной туризм
pilgrimage tourism	паломнический туризм
special-interest tourism	специализированный туризм
sports tourism	спортивный туризм
third-age tourism	туризм для лиц третьего возраста (для пенсионеров)

 

Vocabulary drill