TEXT 21. Components of the Automobile

 

The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes fuel, cooling, lubricating and electric systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders. The chassis includes a power train (power transmission), a running gear, steering and braking systems as well. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels. The power transmission, in turn, contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, final drive, differential, rear axle and axle shafts. The running gear consists of a frame with axles, wheels and springs. The body has a hood, fenders and accessories: the heater, stereo tape recorder, windshield wipers, conditioner, speedometer and so on.

After you read

Questions

1.What main parts is the automobile made up of?

2.What is the function of the engine?

3.What systems does the engine include?

4.What does the chassis consist of?

5.What units does the power transmission comprise?

6.What assemblies does the running gear consist of?

7.What has the body?

 

Tasks

1. Choose and write down terms which concern:

the engine (двигатель); the chassis (шасси); the body (кузов).

Fuel system, axle shaft, accessories, cooling system, frame with axles, running gear, lubricating system, steering system, heater, propeller shaft, power transmission, final drive, windshield wiper, clutch, wheels and axle shafts, gearbox, electric system, differential.

 

2. Give the Russian equivalents for the terms given above.

 

3. Finish the sentences choosing the appropriate form of ending.

1. The automobile is made up of...

a power transmission, running gear, steering and braking systems.

2. The engine is...

the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

3. The engine includes...

a hood, fenders and accessories.

4. The chassis consists of...

the engine, the chassis and the body.

5. The power transmission comprises...

a frame with axles, wheels and springs.

7. The body has...

fuel, cooling, electric and lubricating systems.

4. Read the dialogue for several times and make tasks given below.

DIALOGUE

A: Do you know what parts the automobile is made up of?

В.: Certainly. It is made up of the engine, the chassis and the body,

A: What is the source of power?

B: The source of power is the engine. It includes fuel, cooling, lubricating

and electric systems.

A:And what does the chassis consist of?

B:It consists of a power transmission, running gear, steering and braking systems. By the way, the power transmission, in turn, comprises the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, final drive, differential, rear axle and axle shafts.

A:And what has the body?

B:The body has a hood, fenders and accessories, such as: the heater, stereo tape recorder, windshield wipers, conditioner and so on.

A: Thank you very much for your information.

B: Don't mention it. I am glad to help you.

 

5. Find in the dialogue equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

Сделан из; шасси; кузов; включать в себя; топливная, охлаждающая, смазывающая и электрическая системы; трансмиссия; ходовая часть; рулевая и тормозная системы; карданный вал; главная передача; дифференциал; задний мост; полуоси; капот; крылья; вспомогательные устройства; стеклоочистители.

 

6. Finish sentences using required words and word combinations given below.

A:What parts does the automobile...?

B:It is made up of...

A: What is...?

В: The source of power is the...

A:What systems does the engine...?

В.:It includes...

A: What does the chassis...?

В.:The chassis....

A: What does the power train include?

B:The power train includes...

A:What units does the body comprise?

B:It comprises... and accessories such as...

A: Thank you for your....

Engine, chassis, body, power train, running gear, steering system, brakes, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, final drive, differential, rear axle, axle shafts, hood and fenders, heater, windshield wipers, information, conditioner, consist(s) of, the source of power, include, fuel, cooling, lubricating, electric systems.

 

7. Play the dialogue in pairs.

 

8. Match the words from the left column with their meanings on the right.

1. power plant	a. сцепление
2. chassis	b. силовая передача
3. body	c. главная передача
4. power train	d. колеса
5. running gear	e. система рулевого управления
6. steering system	f. капот
7. brakes	g. полуоси
8. clutch	h. ходовая часть
9. gearbox	i. топливная система
10. propeller shaft	j. стеклоочистители
11. final drive	k. коробка передач
12. rear axle	l. система смазки
13. axle shafts	m. силовая установка
14. frame	n. рама
15.wheels	o. в свою очередь
16. springs	p. тормоза
17. hood	q. рессоры
18. fenders	r. также
19.windshield wipers	s. шасси
20. fuel system	t. карданный вал
21.cooling system	u. задний мост
22. lubricating system	v. источник энергии
23.in turn	w. система охлаждения
24.as well	x. крылья
25.source of power	y. кузов

 

9. Choose and write down the mechanism which answers to the description.

1.Mechanism which is used to stop the car.

a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.

2.Mechanism which is used to guide the car.

a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.

3.Mechanism which engages or disengages the engine and the car wheels.

a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.

4.Mechanism which is used to change the speed of the car.

a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) accelerator.

5.Mechanism which is used to guide the car in one or the other directions.

a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.

6.Device which is designed to measure the speed of the car.

a) heater; b) windscreen; c) speedometer; d) tachometer.

 

10. Translate the sentences into English.

1.Автомобиль состоит из трех основных частей: двигателя, шасси и кузова.

2.Двигатель — это источник энергии.

3.Двигатель включает в себя топливную, охлаждающую, смазывающую и электрическую системы.

4.Шасси включает в себя силовую передачу, ходовую часть, рулевую и тормозную системы.

5.Силовая передача (трансмиссия), в свою очередь, состоит из сцепления, коробки передач, карданного вала, главной передачи, дифференциала, заднего моста и полуосей.

6.Ходовая часть включает в себя раму с осями, колеса и рессоры.

7.Кузов включает в себя капот, крылья и вспомогательные аксессуары: отопитель, стеклоочистители, магнитолу, кондиционер и т. п.

 

Before you start

Work in groups and discuss the questions.

What is a two-stroke engine?

What is a four-stroke engine?